Measurement of the50Ti(n,α)47Ca reaction cross section averaged over a235U fission neutron spectrum

The²³⁵U fission neutron spectrum averaged cross section for the⁵⁰Ti(n,)⁴⁷Ca reaction was experimentally determined by irradiation of titanium with reactor neutrons. A value of (9.7±1.1) b was found for this cross section, using (307±11) b for the⁴⁸Ti(n,p)⁴⁸Sc spectrum-averaged cross section that was used as a standard. The⁵⁰Ti(n,)⁴⁷Ca spectrum-averaged cross section was also semiempirically evaluated by numerically integrating, through the ENDF/B-V representation of the²³⁵U fission neutron spectrum, the available experimental differential cross section data.     

Formation cross section of iron-60 with reactor neutrons in59Fe(n, γ)60Fe reaction

Ingrowth of⁶⁰Co radioactivity in an iron sample irradiated in a nuclear reactor has been measured for determination of formation cross section of⁶⁰Fe in the⁵⁹Fe(n, )⁶⁰Fe reaction with reactor neutrons. After 5 years cooling, the irradiated iron was purified from⁶⁰Co and other radioactive nuclides by an anion exchange separation method and isopropyl ether extraction in hydrochloric acid. The amount of⁶⁰Co ingrowth was measured by -spectrometry using a Ge-detector coupled to a multichannel pulse height analyzer 4 years after the purification of iron. Neutron flux of the irradiation position was calculated from the amount of⁵⁵Fe produced. The observed value of 12.5±2.8 barn is slightly greater than reported value for burnup cross section of⁵⁹Fe(n, x)X, where x refers , , d, p and 2n, and X is any nuclide produced by the above reactions.     

Integral cross section of the99Tc(γ,γ′)99mTc reaction at 4 MeV

^99mTc production was studied with the aid of photoexcitation by a 4 MeV endpoint energy bremsstrahlung from the LINAC of the Institute of Isotopes, Budapest. The intensity of the -flux was monitored by disc-shaped natural indium plates, placed in front of and behind the small cylindrical aluminium holders containing TcO₂ samples in a powder form. Isomeric activities were measured through the 140 keV -line by a Ge spectrometer. The integral cross section at 4 MeV was found to be 63.3±7.1 bMeV, which can be considered reasonable compared to the corresponding value of 55.3 bMeV established for the¹¹⁵In (,)^115mIn reaction. We also attempted the photoexcitation of^99mTc by irradiation with -rays from a 1.5×10¹⁵ Bq⁶⁰Co source, but no isomeric activity could be observed. This places the first activation level between 1.33 and 4 MeV.     

Thermal neutron cross section and resonance integral of the reaction of135Cs(n,γ)136Cs: Fundamental data for the transmutation of nuclear waste

To determine the cross sections of the¹³⁵Cs(n,γ)¹³⁶Cs reaction, a sample of¹³⁵Cs included in a “standardized solution” of¹³⁷Cs was used as a target and irradiated in a reactor. The ratio of the atom number of¹³⁵Cs to that of¹³⁷Cs was determined to be 0.89±0.03 with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The thermal cross section and the resonance integral measured in this study were determined to be 8.3±0.3 and 38.1±2.6 b respectively.     

Levels in 102Pd populated by the 102Pd (P,P′: γ,γ) reaction

Low spin levels in ¹⁰²Pd have been studied using the ¹⁰²Pd (P,P′; γ,γ). In-beam measurements of γ-γ coincidences are used in the construction of a level scheme of the ¹⁰²Pd nucleus levels upto an excitation energy of 3 MeV have been observed and their character is compared with the predictions of the nuclear vibrational model.     

Measurement of natNi(γ, xn)57,56Ni and natNi(γ, pxn)58−55Co reaction cross sections in bremsstrahlung with end-point energies of 65 and 75 MeV

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The cross sections of natNi(γ, xn)57,56Ni and natNi(γ, pxn)58?55Co reactions induced by bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65...     

Measurement of the 232Th(n, γ)/58Ni(n,p) reaction rate ratio in the leakage neutron field of a fast burst reactor

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The γ-ray activities of the activation products from 232Th(n, γ) and 58Ni(n, p) reactions were measured to obtain the reaction rates....     

Measurement of reaction cross-sections for 64Ni(n, γ) 65Ni at E n = 0.025 eV and 58Ni(n, p) 58Co at E n = 3.7 MeV

The reaction cross-sections for ⁶⁴Ni(n, γ) ⁶⁵Ni at E _n  = 0.025 eV and ⁵⁸Ni (n, p) ⁵⁸Co at E _n  = 3.7 MeV have been experimentally determined using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The thermal neutron flux used is from the thermal Column of the reactor APSARA at BARC, Mumbai, whereas the neutron energy of 3.7 MeV is from the ⁷Li(p, n) reaction at Pelletron facility, TIFR, Mumbai. The ⁶⁴Ni(n, γ) ⁶⁵Ni and ⁵⁸Ni(n, p) ⁵⁸Co reactions cross-sections from present work are compared with the available literature data and found to be in good agreement. The ⁵⁸Ni(n, p) ⁵⁸Co reaction as a function of neutron energy is also calculated theoretically using TALYS computer code version 1.2 and found to be higher than the experimental data.     

Experimental cross section evaluation for innovative 99Mo production via the (α,n) reaction on 96Zr target

The high-specific activity ⁹⁹Mo accelerator-based production, via the (α,n) reaction on ⁹⁶Zr-enriched target, has been investigated in the present work. The excitation function measurement has been performed in the energy range 8–34 MeV at the ARRONAX facility, using the well-known stacked foils technique on natural zirconium as target. A general good agreement in the cross section trend has been observed, once compared to former measurements. A different (i.e. higher) peak value and a shift of about 2 MeV towards larger energies have however been found. Assuming a fully enriched ⁹⁶Zr target irradiated by an α-beam at suitable energy (E = 25 MeV), the ⁹⁹Mo production yield has thus been estimated. At last the alternative production routes, based on the ⁹⁶Zr(α,n)⁹⁹Mo and ¹⁰⁰Mo(p,x)⁹⁹Mo/^99mTc reactions, are compared.     

Measurement of 56Fe(n, p)56Mn reaction cross-section at E n = 5.9, 9.85, 14.8 and 15.5 MeV

The ⁵⁶Fe(n, p)⁵⁶Mn reaction cross-section at neutron energies of 5.9 ± 0.6, 9.85 ± 0.38, 14.8 ± 0.1 and 15.5 ± 0.7 MeV from the ⁷Li(p, n) as well as ³H(d, n) reactions has been experimentally measured using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The experimentally determined ⁵⁶Fe(n, p)⁵⁶Mn reaction cross-sections from the present work were compared with the latest available evaluated nuclear data libraries of ENDF/B-VII.1, JENDL-4.0 and JEFF-3.1/A. The present data along with the literature data in a wide range of neutron energies were interpreted in terms of competition between different reaction channels. The measured cross-sections were also estimated theoretically using TALYS-1.4 and EMPIRE-2.19 computer codes over neutron energies from near threshold to 20 MeV to compare with the experimental data.     

18O(p,p′γ)18O nuclear reaction in the determination of oxygen by proton induced γ-ray emission

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Particle induced gamma-ray emission method was used to quantify total fluorine (F) concentrations in soil and food samples obtained from fluoride...     

Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for the <Superscript>110</Superscript>Pd(γ,n)<Superscript>109m,g</Superscript>Pd reaction

We measured the isomeric yield ratios for the ¹¹⁰Pd(γ,n)^109m,gPd reaction by the activation method with the bremsstrahlung endpoint energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, 65-, and 70-MeV generated from an electron linear accelerator of Pohang accelerator laboratory. The induced γ-activities of the irradiated palladium foils were measured by a coaxial high purity germanium detector coupled to a PC-based multi-channel analyzer. The necessary corrections were made to improve the accuracy of the γ-activity measurements. The present experimental results measured with bremsstrahlung endpoint energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, 65-, and 70-MeV are 0.108 ± 0.007; 0.118 ± 0.008; 0.118 ± 0.007; 0.120 ± 0.008; 0.119 ± 0.008, respectively. The obtained results are compared with those existing in literature.     

Chemical effects of (n, γ) nuclear reaction on (Mo6Cl8)Cl4

The chemical effects of⁹⁸Mo(n, )⁹⁹ Mo reaction on molybdenum(II) chloride [(Mo₆Cl₈)Cl₄] have been studied. Retention, thermal and radiolytical annealing were determined. It was found that this molybdenum compound has low retention, a negligible tendency to thermal annealing and a virtual insensitivity to hydrolysis. For practical application in the enrichment of⁹⁹Mo by the Shilard-Chalmers method, molybdenum(II) chloride [(Mo₆Cl₈)Cl₄] appears to offer good prospects.     

Measurement of the 238U(n,γ)239U reaction cross sections in the energy range of 2.0–5.0 MeV by using a neutron activation technique

The neutron capture cross-sections of ²³⁸U at the neutron energies of 4.38?±?0.05 MeV, 3.02?±?0.49 MeV and 2.04?±?0.26 MeV have been measured using the activation method and off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique. The effects of neutron flux fluctuation, multiple scattering, flux self-shielding and gamma-ray self-absorption were corrected. The excitation function of the ²³⁸U(n,γ)²³⁹U reaction was also calculated using the TALYS-1.9 code. The experimental results were compared with the evaluated data, the theoretical data and the previous experimental data.

     

(n,γ)-radiolysis of magnesium iodate

The initial retention of thermal neutron irradiated magnesium iodate tetrahydrate was found to be 47% and increased to 54% for the dehydrated salt. The post irradiation isothermal annealing followed the characteristic pattern both in hydrated and dehydrated salts; the rate of increase in retention in the hydrated salt being faster than in the dehydrated form. At an annealing temperature of 453 K, 100% retention was achieved by the hydrated salt but the corresponding value for the dehydrated magnesium iodate was not higher than 88%. The role of water of crystallization in the retention studies of magnesium iodate is discussed.     

Activation cross sections for the 110Pd(n,2n) reaction and the isomeric cross-sections ratio of 109m,gPd in the neutron energy range of 13–15 MeV

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The 110Pd(n,2n)109m,gPd reaction cross-sections and the isomeric cross section ratios (σm/σg) in the neutron energy range of...     

Nuclear data and measurements for the130Ba(n,γ)131Ba reaction

Although k₀-factors and related nuclear data for 122 radionuclides of interest in (n,) reactor neutron activation analysis have been tabulated, there are still some reactions attracting interest with respect to the accuracy of the literature data. The present paper deals with the reaction¹³⁰Ba(n,)¹³¹Ba, for which a more accurate half-life is proposed, together with re-evaluated Q₀ and k₀ factors. The new values are 11.53 days for T, 21.3 for Q₀, and for the k₀'s 3.90×10^–5, 2.75×10^–5, 1.92×10^–5 and 6.48×10^–5 for the -rays at 123.8 keV, 216.1 keV, 373.2 keV and 496.3 keV, respectively.