多壁纳米碳管的频率上转换效应研究

实验上测量了多壁纳米碳管的吸收光谱和光致发光谱,观察到了多壁纳米碳管的光频率上转换效应,激发波长为1064 nm,发射光谱为带状光谱,峰值波长为780 nm.由吸收光谱上观察到了纳米碳管的态密度分布的范霍夫奇点,这些奇点对应的吸收峰位置为685nm,719nm和894nm.上转换过程是纳米碳管的电子经双光子吸收,再经无辐射跃迁布居在范霍夫奇点,最后经辐射跃迁而产生荧光.     

Preparation and fluorescence properties of Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped GdAlO3 phosphors

Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ co-doped GdAlO₃ phosphors are prepared by the sol–gel method. The effect of doping concentration on the structure and fluorescence properties is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence, respectively. XRD pattern indicates that the sample structure belongs to orthorhombic. The photoluminescence results show that both green and red fluorescence emission and upconversion emission intensities decrease with an increase in Yb³⁺ concentration due to the cross-relaxation process between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions. Based on the emission spectra, the mechanism of the upconversion emission is discussed, and we concluded that the upconversion emission is a two-photon process.     

From anti‐Stokes photoluminescence to resonant Raman scattering in GaN single crystals and GaN‐based heterostructures

The progress on anti‐Stokes photoluminescence and Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman scattering in GaN single crystals and GaN/AlN heterostructures is reviewed. Anti‐Stokes photoluminescence investigated in the past was primarily attributed to two‐photon absorption, three‐photon absorption, and phonon‐assisted absorption. On the other hand, anti‐Stokes Raman scattering was used to determine electron‐phonon scattering time and decay time constant for longitudinal‐optical phonons. In a typical high electron mobility transistor based on GaN/AlN heterostructures, strong resonances were reached for first‐order and second‐order Raman scattering processes. Therefore, both Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman intensities were dramatically enhanced. The feasibility of laser cooling of a nitride structure has been demonstrated. Anti‐Stokes photoluminescence and Raman scattering have potential applications in upconversion lasers and laser cooling of nitride ultrafast electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

GaN/AlGaN双带红外探测及光子频率上转换研究

研究了GaN/AlGaN异质结构中的双带（中、远）红外探测及光子频率上转换特性.通过光致发光光谱确认GaN/AlGaN探测器结构中AlGaN本征层的Al组分,讨论了不同Al组分GaN/AlGaN异质结的导带带阶界面功函数差.在拟合单周期GaN/AlGaN探测器中红外和远红外波段响应谱的基础上,研究多周期GaN/AlGaN探测器与GaN/AlGaN发光二极管集成结构的中红外和远红外光子频率上转换效率与GaN发射层厚度、AlGaN本征层厚度、紫光光子出射效率、内量子效率、空间频率和发射层掺杂浓度间的关系,优化 关键词： 双带红外探测 光子频率上转换 响应谱 GaN/AlGaN     

Photoluminescence in Gd2O3: Er3+, Yb3+ upconversion inverse opal

Photoluminescence properties of Gd₂O₃: Er³⁺, Yb³⁺ upconversion inverse opal photonic crystals were investigated. The photoluminescence spectra of the inverse opal show strong dependence on upconversion emission intensity and the corresponding photonic band-gaps of the inverse opal. Significant suppression of the green or red upconversion emission was observed if the photonic band-gap overlaps with the Er³⁺ ions emission band. The color purity of the red or green emission was improved in the inverse opal by the suppression of green or red UC emission. We believe that the present work will be valuable for not only the foundational study of upconversion emission modification but also new optical devices in upconversion lighting and display.     

硅包覆上转换纳米晶制备和表征及生物特异性标记研究

以NaYF₄为代表的上转换纳米晶作为细胞及组织标记的研究越来越热。但易团聚,水溶性、生物兼容性差,没有与生物偶联官能团等缺点限制了其应用,因而表面修饰显得尤为重要。作者通过水热和共沉淀相结合方法,制备了NaYF₄∶Yb3+, Er3+上转换纳米晶,并对其包覆二氧化硅壳层。SEM表征硅包覆前后分别为25和250 nm的单分散粒子,说明硅已成功地包覆于纳米晶表面。980 nm激光照射下,样品的PBS胶体溶液呈可视上转换绿光。上转换荧光光谱和寿命均表明二氧化硅壳层对其发光性质影响很小。圆二色谱说明蛋白分子通过戊二醛与纳米晶偶联前后的二级结构基本不变。基于硅片上的抗原抗体荧光免疫识别试验进一步验证了偶联蛋白分子的特异性,表明该上转换纳米晶适合于生物标记。     

Enhanced Green Emission from Er<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> Nanocrystals Embedded Composite Tellurite Glasses

A series of tungsten-tellurite glasses activated with different concentrations (0–1.5 mol %) of Er³⁺ has been synthesized. The structural properties of the best luminescent sample and the optical properties of its Er³⁺ ions, are studied both immediate after its preparation as well as after its ageing. On ageing the glass suffers structural reorganization and generates Er₂WO₆—nanocrystals in the matrix, which greatly enhances the normal and upconversion green luminescence efficiency of Er³⁺. The nanocrystal aided enhancement of normal and upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺ of the glass has been attributed to the crystal field effects of the new environment of Er³⁺ in the nanocrystals. A phenomenon of preferential enhancement of red upconversion luminescence at the cost of green upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺ at its higher concentrations in the glass has been observed and the related photo-physics is proposed. The material shows the prospect of being used as NIR solar concentrator.     

高功率掺镱光纤放大器中频率上转换发光现象的研究

建立了半导体抽运的高功率掺镱双包层光纤放大器实验系统,对放大器中的频率上转换发光现象进行了理论和实验研究,分析认为实验中由光纤侧面和两端观测到的绿色荧光是处于激发态的Yb2 相互作用,同时湮没而产生的合作荧光.分别对光纤放大器信号端和抽运端输出的荧光谱进行了测量.将实验谱线与理论计算得到的合作发光谱进行了对比分析.研究了信号光和放大自发辐射对上转换发光的影响,根据速率方程推导出荧光强度与抽运功率之问的理论关系表达式,同时通过实验获得了荧光强度与抽运功率的关系曲线.     

Up and down conversion fluorescence studies on combustion synthesized Yb/Yb: MO-Al2O3 (M=Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors

The ytterbium ions doped MO-Al₂O₃ (M=Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors have been synthesized through combustion technique and their up and down conversion fluorescence properties have been studied and compared. The samples were calcinated at different temperatures and their FTIR and XRD spectra have shown a close relationship. With 976 nm excitation all these phosphors show cooperative upconversion emission at 488 nm from the pairs of two Yb³⁺ ions along with an unexpected broad upconversion band in the blue green region and has been assigned to arise from the defect centers. Contrary to this upconversion emission, calcium aluminate phosphor exhibits bright and very broad down-conversion fluorescence (FWHM≈160 nm) upon UV (266 nm) excitation due to Yb²⁺ ions. The inter-conversion between the 3+ and 2+ valence states of Yb ion has been observed on calcinations of samples in open atmosphere and has been correlated to the emission properties. The Yb²⁺ ions containing calcium aluminate phosphor has been found suitable for producing broad band light in the visible region (white light). Lifetime of the emitting states of Yb³⁺ and Yb²⁺ ions have also been measured and discussed.     

Porous silicon bandgap broadening at natural oxidation

Emission and excitation photoluminescence spectra of porous silicon thin layers have been investigated at natural oxidation. The shift of both types of spectra to high-energy region with time has been shown. Analysis of excitation spectra points out the indirect behavior of electron transitions responsible for visible photoluminescence, which remains unaltered at natural oxidation. The value of optical bandgap is estimated in each case. It is shown that the optical bandgap broadens during oxidation due to size reduction of silicon nanocrystallites.     

Blue Cooperative Luminescence In Yb3+-Doped Barium Gallogermanate Glass Excited At 976 nm

The Yb³⁺-doped barium gallogermanate glass has been prepared via the conventional melt method. The absorption spectra, the near infrared emission spectra, the upconversion emission spectra and the differential scanning calorimetry have been measured. Bright blue upconversion emission centered at 476 nm has been observed under the 976 nm laser diode excitation at room temperature. The blue upconversion emission mechanism has been discussed on the blue emission intensity and the measured lifetime. The slope of the log-log plot of the blue emission intensity versus the pump power is equal to 1.98, and the blue luminescence decay time is half of the near infrared fluorescence decay time, confirming that the blue emission comes from Yb³⁺-Yb³⁺ pairs cooperative upconversion mechanism. The result of differential scanning calorimetry suggests that this type of glass is suitable as a potential candidate for fiber drawing.     

Carrier capture and relaxation of self-assembled ZnTe/ZnSe quantum dots prepared under Volmer–Weber and Stranski–Krastanow growth modes

The carrier capture and relaxation of type II ZnTe/ZnSe quantum dots have been investigated with ultrafast time-resolved photoluminescence upconversion. The carrier capture times were 7 and 38 ps for the Volmer–Weber mode and Stranski–Krastanow mode, respectively. We found that the carrier relaxation of QDs exhibits faster decay under the Volmer–Weber growth mode than under the Stranski–Krastanow growth mode. We attribute the difference of carrier relaxation to the wetting layer formed in the Stranski–Krastanow growth mode.     

Upconversion luminescence of Tm/Yb-codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses

Thermal stability, Raman spectra and blue upconversion luminescence properties of Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped halide modified tellurite glasses have been studied. The results showed that the mixed halide modified tellurite glass (TFCB) has the best thermal stability, the lowest phonon energies and the strongest upconversion emissions. The effect of halide on upconversion intensity is observed and discussed and possible upconversion mechanisms are evaluated. The intense blue upconversion luminescence of Tm³⁺ in TFCB glass may be a potentially useful material for developing upconversion optical devices.     

上转换对Er3+，Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器输出的影响

研究了激光二极管抽运的Er^３＋，Yb^３＋共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器中共协上转换(cooperative upconversion)和累积能量转移(cumulative energy transfer)对激光输出的影响.通过对速率方程的数值模拟，定量计算并分析了共协上转换和累积能量转移对激光输出的影响，发现共协上转换对阈值抽运功率的影响可达到22%之多，实验结果和理论曲线相当符合.这有助于对Er^３＋，Yb^３＋共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器进行优化. 关键词： 共协上转换 累积能量转移 ３＋')" href="#">Er^３＋ ３＋共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器')" href="#">Yb^３＋共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器 数值分析     

Photoluminescence properties and pump-saturation effect of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Y2Ti2O7 nanocrystals

The Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped Y₂Ti₂O₇ phosphors were synthesized by the sol–gel method. XRD, TEM, and photoluminescence spectra of samples were measured and studied. The results demonstrate that the Y₂Ti₂O₇ would transform from the amorphous to nanocrystalline at about 750 °C. The mechanism of both upconversion and near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence and their changes with annealing temperature were analyzed. What is more, the pump-saturation effect of NIR emission and the anomalous slopes of the fitted straight line in the double-logarithmic plots for upconversion emissions were found in the nanocrystalline samples, which can be ascribed to domination of upconversion over linear decay for the ⁴I_11/2 and ⁴I_13/2 state and the saturation of ⁴I_13/2 state in Er³⁺ ions largely owing to the energy back-transfer process. They are induced by high pump power and Yb³⁺ ions concentration.     

Optical transitions of Dy in tellurite glass: observation of upconversion

Dy³⁺ doped tellurite glasses were prepared and its optical absorption, fluorescence and upconversion have been studied. The absorption data has been used to calculate the Judd-Ofelt parameters, oscillator strengths along with transition probability, branching ratio, etc. The lifetime of the level is found to be 0.66 ms for 1.0 mol% of Dy³⁺ doped in tellurite glass. NIR to visible upconversion has been observed at room temperature. The increase in upconversion luminescence at lower temperature indicates that upconversion is not due to a thermally activated process. The quantum efficiency of the transition is found to be ∼0.17 and the upconversion efficiency is ∼0.022. The strong dependence of the upconversion efficiency on the Dy³⁺ concentration reveals that the upconversion is due to energy transfer interaction.     

高效的红外到可见上转换氟氧化物玻璃材料

本文报道了一种高效的Ｅｒ＾３＋掺杂红外到可见的上转换氟氧化物玻璃材料。材料的组份为６０ＴｅＯ２－８ＰｂＦ２－１０ＡｌＦ３－１０ＢａＦ２－１０ＮａＦ－２ＥｒＯ３／２,给出了样品的制血方法。测量了该材料在室温下的吸收光谱,在８０８和９７０ｎｍＬＤ激发下观察到了非常强的上转换荧光,测量了在不同激发波长激发下Ｅｒ＾３＋的绿色荧光,讨论了在８０８和９７０ｎｍ激发下上转换发光的机理。测量了上转换发射光谱,研     

Understanding the influence of nanoenvironment on luminescence of rare-earth ions

This paper presents an overview of the recent results on upconversion and photoluminescence of rare-earth ions in nanoenvironments. The role of the rare-earth ion concentration, crystal size and crystal phase on the up and downconversion emission of rare-earth ions in oxide nanocrystals and their underlying mechanisms are discussed. It is also found that the luminescence lifetime of the excited state rare-earth ions is sensitive to the particle crystalline phase and size. The analysis suggests that the modifications of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms are due to local symmetry structure of the host lattice and crystal size respectively     

Comparative investigation of photoluminescence of silicon wire structures and silicon oxide films

Photoluminescence spectra and their dependence on temperature as well as Raman scattering spectra and Atomic Force Microscopy investigations have been used to study the peculiarities of the red photoluminescence band in low-dimensional Si structures, such as porous silicon and silicon oxide films. It has been shown that the red photoluminescence band of porous silicon is complex and can be decomposed into two elementary bands. It was discovered that elementary band intensities depend very much on surface morphology of porous silicon. The same positions of the photoluminescence bands are also observed in silicon oxide films for different oxide composition. Comparative investigation of the PL temperature dependences in porous silicon and silicon oxide films indicates that silicon-oxide defect related mechanisms of some elementary photoluminescence bands are involved.     

Infrared to visible upconversion of Er3+ ions in Yb3+ doped fluorohafnate glasses

The upconversion of infrared radiation into green and red luminescence has been studied for Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions in fluorohafnate glasses. At room temperature normalized upconversion efficiency of 8.4x10^-4 cm²/W has been obtained for the green emission (545 nm) of Er³⁺ in doped samples containing 4.5 mol% (Yb³⁺) and 0.75 mol% (Er³⁺) pumped by 974 nm light with an absorbed intensity of 2.5 mW/cm². Both green and red upconversion radiations slightly decrease with increasing temperature. Room-temperature measured efficiency is compared with the calculated one obtained from the rate equation model of Wright.