(Nb,N)共掺杂锐钛矿电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛（TiO₂）作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经受到越来越多的关注.本研究采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理和广义梯度近似+U方法,对锐钛矿结构TiO₂晶体三种可能的（Nb,N）共掺杂TiO₂的几何结构、形成能、能带结构、电子密度和光吸收系数进行了研究,并与单掺杂（Nb/N）体系进行了对比.对掺杂后体系的几何结构进行的计算表明杂质原子掺入后晶格发生了不同程度的畸变.此外,（Nb,N）共掺杂体系与纯TiO₂相比,其禁带宽度和吸收边较小.同时,与N掺杂TiO₂相比,N的2p态在共掺杂情形下变为完全占据,从而减少了电子空穴对的复合.而且共掺杂体系的形成能比N单掺杂体系低,因而更加稳定.因此,（Nb,N）共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO₂在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

Fe-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2电子性质与光学性质的第一性原理研究

近年来,Fe和N掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2半导体在实验中发现许多优异性能,本文采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法研究了纯锐钛矿相TiO2、Fe和N单掺杂及Fe和N共掺杂TiO2的能带结构、电荷布居、态密度和光学性质.分析发现:Fe掺杂引起杂质能带位于禁带中央,杂质能带最高点与导带相距大约0.6 eV而最低点与价带相距大约0.2 eV;N掺杂引起的杂质能带位于价带顶部附近. Fe和N共掺杂后杂质能带由两部分组成,位于价带顶上方0.62 eV和导带底下方0.22 eV处,其中一层杂质能带主要由N原子的2p轨道和Fe原子的3d轨道杂化形成,而另一条杂质能带主要由Fe原子的3d轨道形成,由于杂质能级的出现,使锐钛矿TiO2的禁带宽度变小.对光学性质分析发现:Fe和N共掺杂会使锐钛矿TiO2光学吸收带边红移,可见光区的光吸收系数明显增大,在低能区出现了新的吸收峰,对应能量为1.82 eV,与实验结果相符.     

Mn-N共掺杂TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理研究了Mn、N掺杂TiO2和Mn-N共掺杂TiO2的能带结构、态密度和Mn-N共掺TiO2对体系介电函数与吸收谱的影响.研究结果表明,Mn掺杂TiO2的能带结构的禁带内出现的杂质能级是由Mn 的3d轨道贡献;N掺杂TiO2在费米能级处的杂质能级则由O 2p, Ti 3d和N 2p轨道杂化形成; Mn-N共掺的TiO2能带在费米能级处的杂质能级则由O 2p, Ti 和Mn的3d以及N 2p轨道杂化形成; 对于介电函数,在低能区间(<2.5 eV),理想TiO2无介电峰, Mn-N共掺体系则出现了两个介电峰,原因在于Mn 3d态和N 2p态使介电峰值向低能区移动;同时,与理想TiO2的吸收谱相比,最大的变化是在可见光区出现了一个吸收峰,且在可见光区的响应的范围变宽.     

Mn-N共掺杂TiO_2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理研究了Mn、N掺杂TiO_2和Mn-N共掺杂TiO_2的能带结构、态密度和Mn-N共掺TiO_2对体系介电函数与吸收谱的影响.研究结果表明,Mn掺杂TiO_2的能带结构的禁带内出现的杂质能级是由Mn的3d轨道贡献;N掺杂TiO_2在费米能级处的杂质能级则由O 2p,Ti 3d和N 2p轨道杂化形成;Mn-N共掺的TiO_2能带在费米能级处的杂质能级则由O 2p,Ti和Mn的3d以及N 2p轨道杂化形成;对于介电函数,在低能区间(2.5 e V),理想TiO_2无介电峰,Mn-N共掺体系则出现了两个介电峰,原因在于Mn 3d态和N 2p态使介电峰值向低能区移动;同时,与理想TiO_2的吸收谱相比,最大的变化是在可见光区出现了一个吸收峰,且在可见光区的响应的范围变宽.     

First principles calculations of structural,electronic and optical properties of various phases of CaS

First principles calculations have been performed within the framework of density functional theory to investigate the structural, electronic and optical properties of all four possible B1, B2, B3 and B4 phases of CaS. Apart from the standard local density approximation (LDA) and GGA (PBE), a more accurate nonempirical density functional generalized gradient approximation (GGA), as proposed by Wu and Cohen [Phys. Rev. B 73, 235116 (2006)] for the exchange-correlation energy, E_XC, has been attempted in these calculations. Calculated electronic structure and the density of states are analyzed in terms of the contribution of Ca d states and S s and p states in determining the nature of the fundamental band gap in various phases. Reflectivity, R (ω), the real and imaginary part of the dielectric functions, ε(ω), have been calculated for all the phases and the results have been discussed and compared with the existing experimental data.     

Cd、Sr掺杂Mg2Ge电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

此文用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,分别研究了本征、掺Cd、掺Sr的Mg₂Ge的能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质.研究结果表明,本征Mg₂Ge是一种间接带隙半导体,带隙值为0.228eV.Sr的掺入使其变成带隙为0.591 eV的直接带隙半导体,Cd掺杂Mg₂Ge后表现出半金属性质.掺杂后的主要吸收峰减小,吸收谱范围增加.在可见光能量范围内,掺杂的Mg₂Ge有更低的反射率,对可见光的利用率增强.此外,掺杂还提高了高能区的光电导率.     

First principles study of electronic and optical properties of InAs

The electronic and optical properties of InAs in core-level spectra are calculated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitials (FP-LAPW +lo) method. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function ε(ω), the optical absorption coefficient I(ω), the reflectivity R(ω), the refractive index n(ω), and the extinction coefficient k(ω)are calculated. All these values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of spin-orbit coupling on optical properties is also investigated and found to be quite small.      

V+注入锐钛矿TiO2第一性原理研究

用金属离子注入方法在锐钛矿TiO2薄膜中掺杂了V+,采用全势线性缀加平面波方法计算了锐钛矿TiO2及V+掺杂TiO2超原胞的电子结构,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱测试方法检测了注入不同剂量的V+对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱的影响.理论计算和实验结果表明,锐钛矿TiO2薄膜注入V+后,带隙宽度变小,吸收光谱发生红移,并且TiO2的带隙宽度随着注入V+剂量的增加而减小.     

C与Na掺杂AlN电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波超软赝势法,计算了本征AlN,C-AlN,Na-AlN以及C-Na-AlN四种体系的电子结构和光学性质.得出结论：掺杂后各体系与本征AlN相比发生了晶格畸变,C-Na-AlN体系的结合能最小,体系最稳定.掺杂体系相比于本征AlN,禁带宽度都有不同程度的减小,导致电子在体系内跃迁时的概率增大,其中C-Na-AlN体系尤为明显,电子跃迁所需要的能量更小.掺杂后吸收带边发生了红移,拓宽了AlN体系对光的响应范围,增强了光吸收,并且C-Na-AlN体系在可见光区域内光吸收能力最强,在介电函数图的分析中可以得到,C-Na-AlN体系的介电常数最大,表明其电荷束缚能力最强,体系稳定性强,极化能力最好.     

La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法对锐钛矿相TiO_2、La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构进行计算,分析La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带、态密度、差分电荷密度和光吸收性质的影响.结果表明,掺杂后TiO_2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀;掺杂后TiO_2的禁带宽度减小,并在禁带中引入杂质能级,导致TiO_2的吸收图谱产生红移现象;与La单掺杂相比,La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的红移程度增强.     

La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法对锐钛矿相TiO2、La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构进行计算,分析La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO2的晶体结构、能带、态密度、差分电荷密度和光吸收性质的影响. 结果表明,掺杂后TiO2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀;掺杂后TiO2的禁带宽度减小,并在禁带中引入杂质能级,导致TiO2的吸收图谱产生红移现象;与La单掺杂相比,La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的红移程度增强.     

Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理中的平面波超软赝势(PWPP)方法对理想TiO_2,N单掺杂,Pt单掺杂和Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构进行计算,分析N单掺杂、Pt单掺杂及Pt-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带和态密度的影响.计算结果表明:掺杂后TiO_2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀,Pt单掺杂、N单掺杂TiO_2禁带宽度变窄,Pt-N共掺杂TiO_2分别在价带顶和导带底产生杂质能级,且禁带宽度缩小范围大,表明Pt-N共掺杂能进一步提高锐钛矿TiO_2催化性能.     

基于第一性原理研究Y掺杂锐钛矿TiO2的磁光性质

基于第一性原理计算,建立了未掺杂和三种Y掺杂量的锐钛矿TiO2模型。对各个模型的形成能、磁性、电子结构及吸收光谱进行了计算。结果表明：掺入锐钛矿晶格的不同Y原子之间没有团簇趋势;Y掺杂量越大,实现掺杂所需的能量越高;Y掺杂的锐钛矿体系具有铁磁性,因而晶格中的自旋能级分裂效应能降低锐钛矿的带隙宽度,但当Y掺杂量升高时,这种影响显著减弱;随着Y掺杂量增加,弱束缚的O-2p态电子浓度增加,导致价带顶的O-2p态跨越费米能级,使得带隙值减小,进而提高了改性锐钛矿TiO2对可见光的吸收系数。     

First principles study of electronic and optical properties of zincblende InP

Electronic and optical properties of InP in zincblende crystal structure are studied using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (FP-LAPW+lo) program. The complex dielectric function and optical constants, such as optical absorption coefficient, reflectivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient, are calculated, which are in good agreement with the experimental results, better than those from the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) method. We also have explained the origin of the spectral peaks on the basis of the electronic band structures.     

First principles investigation of electronic and optical properties of AgAlO2

The electronic and optical properties of AgAlO₂ were determined by using Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) suggested by Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) with the addition of Hubbard potential along with linearized augmented plane wave pseudopotential. Our computed band structure infers that our calculated bandgap (1.5?eV) is closer to the experimental (2.81?eV) as compare to the previous theoretical values (1.16?eV). The investigated band structure also reflects that AgAlO₂ is an indirect semiconductor material. The investigated atomic positions and lattice constants are in good agreement with the experimental values than the earlier theoretical values. From presented optical properties one can observe that AgAlO₂ is a good conducting material. The absorption spectrum infers that AgAlO₂ is an expensive material for photo-electronic devices or solar-cell applications.     

Magnetic,electronic, optical,and photocatalytic properties of nonmetal- and halogen-doped anatase TiO2 nanotubes

The structure stability, magnetic, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nonmetal (B, C, N, P, and S), and halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I)-doped anatase TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) have been investigated using spin polarized density functional theory. The N- and F-doped TNTs are the most stable among other doped TNTs. It is found that the magnetic moment of doped TNT is the difference between the number of the valence electrons of the dopant and host anion. All dopants decrease the band gap of TNT. The decrease in the band gap of nonmetal (C, N, P, and S)-doped TNTs, in particular N and P, is larger than that of halogen-doped TNTs due to the created states of the nonmetal dopant in the band gap. There is a good agreement between the calculation results and the experimental observations. Even though C-, N-, and P-doped TNTs have the lowest band gap, they cannot be used as a photocatalysis for water splitting. The B-, S-, and I-doped TiO₂ nanotubes are of great potential as candidates for water splitting in the visible light range.     

Influence of tungsten doping concentration on the electronic and optical properties of anatase TiO2

The structural, electronic and optical properties of tungsten-doped TiO₂ have been investigated using density functional theory with plane wave basis sets and ultrasoft pseuodopotential. Substitutional W doping at Ti sites create W 5d states just below the conduction band minimum while interstitial W doping gives isolated W 5d states in the middle of forbidden region. Averaged bond lengths show that W doping at Ti sites produce minimum structural distortion as compared to the interstitial W-doped TiO₂. Substitutional W-doped TiO₂ has better visible light absorption compared to interstitial W-doped TiO₂ and has stable configuration which provide reasonable explanation for the experimental findings. Tungsten doping in TiO₂ with different doping concentrations is investigated as an enabling concept for enhancing the visible light absorption. Optical properties show that optimal W doping concentration would improve the visible light absorption. 2.08% W doping concentration gives strong visible and ultraviolet light absorption among all doped models found consistent with experiments.     

N掺杂和N-V共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的投影缀加平面波方法和广义梯度近似加Hubbard参数的似近,研究了锐钛矿相TiO₂,N掺杂TiO₂和N-V共掺杂TiO₂体系的基态原子构型、电子结构.结果表明,N掺杂后,其晶胞体积比末掺杂时要略微增大,基态构型并未发生明显变化,而N-V共掺杂时,对称性被破坏,V原子向N原子附近靠近.计算得到的锐钛矿相TiO₂带隙E_gap为3.256 eV,与实验值3.23 eV非常接近.N掺杂TiO₂带隙降低了0.4 eV,而N-V共掺杂带隙降低至2.555 eV.此外,N-V共掺杂会在价带顶和导带底之间形成受主和施主能级,这种能级对光生电子-空穴对的分离是非常有利的,降低了再次复合的概率.因此,N-V共掺杂TiO₂可以有效地提升TiO₂作为光催化剂的催化能力.     

First principles calculations of the relaxed structural and electronic properties of Cu nanobelts

Calculations have been performed for the relaxed structural and electronic properties of Cu nanobelts with the cross-section 3×5, 3×7, 3×9 and 3×11 atomic layers, using the first-principles projector-augmented wave (PAW) potential within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. For all four size Cu nanobelts, most atoms relax inward, and the farther an atom is from the center of the nanobelt, the larger is the amount of inward relaxation and the smaller the total electronic charge. Compared with the (001) plane of Cu bulk crystal, a metallic (delocalized) bonding character obviously appears along the surface atoms as well as along the surface atoms and their first nearest neighbor atoms. The decrease in the coordination number and thus the decrease in restrictions for atoms distant from the center of the nanobelt lead most electrons to range in the higher energy region of the occupancy state.     

First principles study of electronic structure and optical properties of CaTiO3

The electronic-energy band structure, site and angular momentum decomposed density of states (DOS) and charge-density contours of perovskite CaTiO ₃ are calculated by the first principles tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbitals method with atomic sphere approximation using density functional theory in its local density approximation. The calculated band structure shows an indirect (R-Γ) band gap of 1.5 eV. The total DOS as well as the partial density of states (PDOS) are compared with the experimental photoemission spectra. The calculated DOS are in reasonable agreement with the experimental energy spectra and the features in the spectra are interpreted by a comparison of the spectra with the PDOS. The origin of the various experimentally observed bands have been explained. From the DOS analysis, as well as charge-density studies, we conclude that the bonding between Ca and TiO ₃ is mainly ionic and that the TiO ₃ entities bond covalently. Using the projected DOS and band structure we have analyzed the interband contribution to the optical properties of CaTiO ₃ . The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and hence the optical constants such as refractive index and extinction coefficient are calculated. The calculated spectra are compared with the experimental results for CaTiO ₃ and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The effective number of electrons per unit cell participating in the interband transitions are calculated. The role of band structure calculation as regards the optical properties of CaTiO ₃ is discussed. Received 1 February 2000 and Received in final form 21 July 2000