A novel optical beam splitter based on photonic crystal with hybrid lattices

A novel optical beam splitter constructed on the basis of photonic crystal(PC) with hybrid lattices is proposed in this paper.The band gap of square-lattice PC is so designed that the incident light is divided into several branch beams.Triangular-lattice graded-index PCs are combined for focusing each branch.Computational calculations are carried out on the basis of finite-different time-domain algorithm to prove the feasibility of our design.The waveguide is unnecessary in the design.Thus the device has functions of both splitting and focusing beams.Size of the divided beam at site of full-width at half-maximum is of the order of λ/2.The designed splitter has the advantages that it has a small volume and can be integrated by conventional semiconductor manufacturing process.     

Polarization beam splitter based on a photonic crystal heterostructure

The design and characterization of a photonic crystal (PC) polarization beam splitter (PBS) that operates with an extinction ratio of greater than 15 dB for both polarizations are presented. The PBS is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer where the input and output ports consist of 5 mum wide ridge waveguides. A large spectral shift is observed in the dispersion plots of the lowest-order even (TE-like) and odd (TM-like) modes due to the SOI confinement. Because of this shift, the TE-like mode is close to a directional gap at the top of the band, and the TM-like mode is in a low-frequency regime where the dispersion surface is almost isotropic. We show that the TE-like mode has very high reflection at the interface between the two PCs, whereas the TM-like mode exhibits a very high transmission.     

Ultra-compact polarization beam splitter based on photonic crystal waveguides

The authors design an ultra-compact all-PC-integrated polarization beam splitter which is only composed of three waveguides: one input waveguide and two output waveguides. The input waveguide can support both TM and TE modes, but one of the two output waveguides can only support TM modes while the other can only support TE modes. So an incident beam will be separated into two different polarization beams which emerge from different output waveguides. By the simulation of finite-difference time-domain method, we know that the polarization beam splitter really works the way as we predict.     

基于自准直效应的光子晶体异质结偏振分束器

基于光子晶体的自准直效应和禁带特性,提出了一种具有非正交异质结结构的光子晶体偏振分束器.无需引入缺陷或波导,可使光波在该结构中准直无发散地传输并实现分束功能,对制造工艺的要求大大降低.利用Rsoft软件,结合平面波展开法和二维时域有限差分法,对提出的偏振分束器进行了仿真研究.结果表明,该偏振分束器在一个较大的频率范围f=0.275—0.285(a/λ)内可实现横电(TE)和横磁(TM)模的大角度偏振分离,TE和TM模的透过率均在88%以上,偏振消光比分别大于26.57 dB和17.50 dB.该结构可应用到太赫兹波段的传输系统中,a=26μm,尺寸大小为572μm×546μm,在91—95μm波长范围内可实现TE和TM模的分离.利用该结构可设计用于光通信系统(n=3.48)的偏振分束器,a=426.25 nm,结构仅为9.38μm×8.95μm.本方案结构简单,易于集成,有望在集成光路的发展中发挥重要作用.     

Polarization beam splitter based on photonic crystal self-collimation Mach-Zehnder interferometer

A polarization beam splitter based on a self-collimation Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SMZI) in a hole-type silicon photonic crystal was proposed and numerically demonstrated. Utilizing polarization dependence of the transmission spectra of the SMZI and polarization peak matching (PPM) method, the SMZI can work as a polarization beam splitter (PBS) by selecting appropriate path length difference in the structure. Because of its intrinsic operating principle, the PBS possesses high polarization extinction ratios (PERs). As its dimensions are only several operating wavelengths, the PBS may have practical applications in photonic integrated circuits.     

T-shaped polarization beam splitter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide structures

A T-shaped polarization beam splitter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed, which is composed of three waveguides: one input and two output. Unpolarized beams incident from the input port will be separated into two different polarization modes and outputted individually by two different coupling structures. Simulation results can be obtained by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In the normalized frequency range of 0.3456 < \(\omega \alpha /2\pi {}c\) < 0.37, multiple frequencies can obtain high transmission efficiency simultaneously for both TE and TM modes. And the degree of polarization is very closed to 1 for both output ports at this frequency range. When the normalized frequency \(f=0.3534 \omega \alpha /2\pi {}c\), the transmission efficiency, respectively, is 88 % and \(91\) % for TE modes and TM modes. The extinction ratio is all 30dB for both modes. The polarization beam splitter attains the requirement we expected by analyzing simulation results.     

新型超宽带双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器的研究

提出了一种新型超宽带双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器. 应用全矢量有限元法,系统地研究了光纤结构参数对偏振分束器带宽和偏振分束器长度的影响. 分析结果表明：增加掺氟区折射率,既能提高分束器带宽,也能减少分束器长度;增大光纤中空气孔的孔距及孔径与孔距比,可以增加分束器的带宽,但同时也会导致分束器的长度增大,使得器件尺寸增大. 因此,在设计中需兼顾分束器的带宽和长度来选取光纤的结构参数. 通过结构参数的优化,设计出一种短长度、高消光比和超宽带的偏振分束器,其长度为7.362 mm,消光比高于20 dB的带宽为600 nm. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 偏振分束器 超宽带 全矢量有限元法     

A novel polarization splitter based on dual-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers

Highly birefringent dual-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) can be used as a polarization splitter because the orthogonal polarization modes with dissimilar coupling lengths are easily separated from each other. Different from the traditional methods achieving high birefringence, a new highly birefringent hybrid PCF that guides light by both index guiding and bandgap guiding is proposed. Firstly, a novel polarization splitter based on this kind of dual-core hybrid PCF is designed. The transmission modes, coupling lengths for the two orthogonal polarizations and performance of the proposed polarization splitter are investigated and numerically analyzed. The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a 4.72-mm-long polarization splitter. The splitting ratio is better than −20 dB in a large wavelength range of 1.53-1.72 μm. Its bandwidth is about 190 nm.     

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure

We propose an ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter that operates over a wide wavelength range and is based on a hybrid photonic crystal and a conventional waveguide structure. Within a small area (15 microm x 10 microm), this polarizing beam splitter separates TM- and TE-polarized modes into orthogonal output waveguides. Results of simulations with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method show that 99.3% of TM-polarized light is deflected by the photonic crystal structure (with a 28.0-dB extinction ratio), whereas 99.0% of TE-polarized light propagates through the structure (with a 32.2-dB extinction ratio). Wave vector diagrams are employed to explain the operation of a polarizing beam splitter. Tolerance analysis reveals a large tolerance to fabrication errors.     

基于光子晶体自准直环形谐振腔的全光均分束器

通过等频图分析并结合时域有限差分法模拟,在一个与偏振态无关的自准直光子晶体环形谐振腔中,研究发现当环形谐振腔内的光传输距离改变时,横电波(TE)和横磁波(TM)两种偏振态的光在通过环形谐振腔之后的输出将会随之变化并呈现出不同的周期性.通过选择适合的传输距离,实现了TE,TM自准直的情况下同时分束50%的结果,构成了一种基于光子晶体自准直环形谐振腔的全光均分束器.全光均分束器扩大了分束器的运用范围,也会在高密度集成光路中发挥重要的作用. 关键词： 光子晶体 环形谐振腔 自准直 分束器     

A novel polarization splitter based on dual-core elliptical-holes hybrid photonic crystal fiber

A novel kind of polarization splitter in dual-core elliptical holes hybrid photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Numerical results show that the splitter can reach small coupling length ratio of 0.5, for wavelength from 1.15 μm to 1.9 μm. At wavelength 1.55 μm, the extinction ratio can achieve ?64 dB and the 1.92-mm-long splitter is suggested to achieve extinction ratio better than ?10 dB, a bandwidth of 150 nm. The fiber has small coupling length ratio, small coupling length and high extinction ratio and it is more suitable for fabricating polarization splitter.     

基于光子晶体分光的气敏传感器研究

本文利用微机电系统技术实现气敏传感器的主要思想,设计了基于超棱镜效应的光子晶体分光系统,它能够实现高精度的分光,使得光谱仪的分辨率有很大程度的提高,并且为应用于许多光学系统的新型分光元件的研究提供新的思路和基础. 关键词： 气敏传感器 光子晶体 超棱镜 负折射     

1-to-N beam splitter based on photonic crystal branched waveguide structure

A novel beam splitter is proposed based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) branched waveguide structure. The beam splitter structure comprises branched waveguide channels and extra dielectric columns. These branched waveguide channels are used to obtain secondary sources and the introduced extra dielectric columns are used to control the phase difference of the secondary point sources. The field distributions of the beam are investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). It is found that the number of beams is sensitive to the distance of the waveguide channels ports and extra dielectric columns. By adjusting the positions of the waveguide channels and the parameters of the extra dielectric columns, 1-to-N beam splitters can be realized. These simple, easily fabricated and controllable structures have important potential applications in integrated optical circuits.     

Terahertz power splitter based on ferrite photonic crystal

In this paper, we design a novel Y-junction power splitter which is optimized according to coupled mode theory. Two rods are added in the junction. One rod is a silicon rod and another one is a ferrite rod, the refractive index of which can be varied by adjusting the external magnetic field. So, it not only can split the power, but also controls the output energy of the two branches automatically. The transmission spectrum is calculated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which shows that the output energy of the two branches is closely related to the frequency of the incident terahertz (THz) wave and the refractive index of the ferrite rod. The device is a good candidate for integrated optical circuit, the tuning rate of which is about a few microseconds.     

Tunable double-channel filter based on defect mode splitting of one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal

Based on a one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal made of magneto-optic material, a tunable double-channel filter is presented. The tunability of such a filter can be achieved by defect mode splitting in the presence of external magnetic fields. Using the 4×4 transfer matrix method, the influences of the structural and compositional parameters are also analyzed, such as the magneto-optical effect, number of layers and angle of incidence.     

Broadband polarization beam splitter based on a negative refractive lithium niobate photonic crystal slab

Using a lithium niobate(LN) material, we propose a broadband polarization beam splitter(PBS) with high efficiency by employing a negative refractive photonic crystal(PhC) wedge slab with an angle of 60°. It can split the incident light into two parts at about 90° with TE and TM polarizations. The transmissions of polarized light for an LN-based PBS are more than 80% with a broad angle and wavelength bandwidth of 8° and 70 nm at1.55 ^rni, while with a Si-based PhC, no PBS with high efficiency can be realized for the relatively lower transmission of TM output light.     

一种新型的光子晶体偏振光分束器的设计

基于光波在直波导和复合结构光子晶体中的传播特性,结合平面波展开法和时域有限差分法,提出并讨论了一种新型的超紧凑的光子晶体偏振光分束器. 它是由输入波导,分束结构和输出波导三部分组成. 对这种结构的三角晶格光子晶体光分束器的数值计算与模拟结果表明,该结构可以实现TE模和TM模的高效大角度分离,并且在通信波段设计尺寸小,这些特性使其在未来的集成光回路中有着重要的应用前景. 关键词： 偏振光分束器 能带结构 平面波展开法 时域有限差分法     

Design of a compact polarization beam splitter based on a deformed photonic crystal directional coupler

In this paper a compact polarization beam splitter based on a deformed photonic crystal directional coupler is designed and simulated. The transverse-electric （TE） guided mode and transverse-magnetic （TM） guided mode are split due to different guiding mechanisms. The effect of the shape deformation of the air holes on the coupler is studied. It discovered that the coupling strength of the coupled waveguldes is strongly enhanced by introducing elliptical airholes, which reduce the device length to less than 18.Sttm. A finite-difference tlme-domain simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the device, and the extinction ratios for both TE and TM polarized light are higher than 20 dB.