Series solution of two trapped ions experiencing the standing wave of a resonant laser

Two identical two-level ions driven by a standing wave laser on resonance in a harmonic trap are investigated in the Lamb–Dicke limit and weak excitation regime. We present series solutions of such a system for the trap center staying at a node of the standing wave.     

Construction of analytical many-body wave functions for correlated bosons in a harmonic trap

We develop an analytical many-body wave function to accurately describe the crossover of a one-dimensional bosonic system from weak to strong interactions in a harmonic trap. The explicit wave function, which is based on the exact two-body states, consists of symmetric multiple products of the corresponding parabolic cylinder functions and respects the analytically known limits of zero and infinite repulsion for arbitrary number of particles. For intermediate interaction strengths we demonstrate that the energies, as well as the reduced densities of first and second order, are in excellent agreement with large scale numerical calculations.     

囚禁单离子的量子阻尼运动

用包含偶极和四极虚势能项的非厄米哈密顿算符来描述Paul阱中囚禁阻尼单离子在静电场下的量子运动.通过导出和分析系统的精确解,得到在PT对称和不对称情形下的不同实能谱与稳定量子态,以及PT不对称情形的虚能谱和衰减量子态,同时给出相应于不同态的参数区域和存活概率.结果发现该非厄米系统外场参数能惟一确定量子稳定态并导致波函数形态变化,据此提出非相干操控相应量子跃迁的方法.让量子态衰减导致的离子位置期待值的衰减与经典阻尼谐振子的衰减一致,得到虚势能参数与经典阻尼参数的对应关系.所得结果将进一步丰富具有广泛应用背景的囚禁离子动力学.     

Effects of magnetic field on the evolution of the wave function of a charged particle with an angular momentum

We have calculated the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of angular momentum eigenfunctions of a charged particle. An additional harmonic potential is supplemented to trap the wave packet. We find the probability density of the wave function is oscillating in the radial direction with a time period determined by the strength of the effective harmonic potential. When the magnetic field is along the z direction, if the initial wave function is an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{z}$, the probability density of the particle remains axis-symmetric. While for the case of an eigenfunction of ${\hat{L}}_{x}$, it is anisotropic in the x−y plane and rotates with a time period inverse proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. We also extend the results in a phenomenological way to the case with an external magnetic field that varies harmonically in time.     

H-Theorem in an Isolated Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

We consider the H-theorem in an isolated quantum harmonic oscillator through the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The effect of potential in producing entropy is investigated in detail, and we found that including a barrier potential into a harmonic trap would lead to the thermalization of the system, while a harmonic trap alone would not thermalize the system. During thermalization, Shannon entropy increases, which shows that a microscopic quantum system still obeys the macroscopic thermodynamics law. Meanwhile, initial coherent mechanical energy transforms to incoherent thermal energy during thermalization, which exhibiting the decoherence of an oscillating wave packet featured by a large decreasing of autocorrelation length. When reaching thermal equilibrium, the wave packet comes to a halt, with the density distributions both in position and momentum spaces well-fitted by a microcanonical ensemble of statistical mechanics.     

Entanglement of two interacting bosons in a two-dimensional isotropic harmonic trap

We compute the pair entanglement between two interacting bosons in a two-dimensional (2D) isotropic harmonic trap. The interaction potential is modelled by a 2D regularized pseudopotential. By analytically decomposing the wave function into the single particle basis, we show the dependency of the pair entanglement on the scattering length. Our results turn out to be in good agreements with earlier results using a quasi-2D geometry.     

Finite clusters of fast-rotating spinless bosons in a harmonic trap

Rapidly rotating two-dimensional ultracold Bose–Einstein condensates of spinless bosons in a harmonic trap have attracted considerable interest during the recent years. It is expected that, in the fast-rotation limit, the system of bosons will exhibit collective behavior similar to that of two-dimensional electrons in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime. It is predicted that the most robust correlated bosonic state in this regime will be the Bose Laughlin state at a half filling factor. An exact treatment of such a state is generally a formidable task due to the inherent many-particle nature of the wave function. We report in this work that a transformation to Jacobi coordinates allows one to obtain much desirable exact analytic closed-form expressions for various quantities of interest corresponding to a Bose Laughlin wave function for various finite systems of particles.     

多个子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体膨胀叠加形成的量子涡旋现象研究

基于二维模型,研究了多个子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体在谐振势阱内膨胀叠加形成的量子涡旋现象.运用传播子方法,分析了对称分布的三个子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体膨胀叠加形成宏观量子涡旋的物理过程,得到量子涡旋随时间演化的规律;发现涡旋核分布在谐振势阱内出现振荡;涡旋与反涡旋随时间演化而相互转变,并对这些现象进行了物理分析.     

Internal structure of a quantum soliton and classical excitations due to trap opening

We analytically solve two problems that may be useful in the context of the recent observation of matter wave bright solitons in a one-dimensional attractive atomic Bose gas. The first problem is strictly beyond mean field: from the Bethe ansatz solution we extract the internal correlation function of the particle positions in the quantum soliton, that is for a fixed center of mass position. The second problem is solved in the limit of a large number of particles, where the mean field theory is asymptotically correct: it deals with the number of excitations created by the opening of the trap, starting from a pure soliton in a weakly curved harmonic potential.     

Pseudopotential analog for zero-range photoassociation and Feshbach resonance

A zero-range approach to atom-molecule coupling is developed in analogy to the Fermi-Huang pseudopotential approach to collisions. It is shown by explicit comparison to an exactly solvable finite-range model that replacing the molecular bound-state wave function with a regularized delta function can reproduce the exact scattering amplitude in the long-wavelength limit. Using this approach, we find an analytical solution to the two-channel Feshbach resonance problem for two atoms in a spherical harmonic trap, highlighting the strong dependence of the effective scattering length and bare-molecule population on the atom-molecule coupling strength.     

简谐势阱中中性原子非线性薛定谔方程的定态解

给出了非线性定态薛定谔方程(NLSE)数值求解的一般方法,并求解了简谐势阱中中性原子NLSE的基态和激发态解．讨论了NLSE的波函数收敛与归一化问题,并对计算精度进行了分析. 关键词：     

Harmonic Interaction Model and Its Applications in Bose–Einstein Condensation

We exactly solve the model of N harmonic interacting Bosons in a harmonic trap in any dimension. The exact ground state wavefunction, free energy, spectrum, and low excitation states are calculated. The finite particle number effect is addressed when the exact solution is compared with a mean field solution. Then we compare the harmonic interaction system with a pseudo-potential interaction system. In spite of the seemingly quite different nature of interaction, several similarities are found between the two systems.     

Chained quantum arnold transformations

We put forward the concatenation of quantum Arnold transformations as a tool to obtain the wave function of a particle subjected to a harmonic potential which is switched on and off successively. This simulates the capture and release process of an ion in a trap and provides a mathematical picture of this physical process.     

一维光晶格中玻色凝聚气体的干涉

对捕限在三维轴对称谐振势阱叠加一维光晶格的组合势中的玻色凝聚气体，文章基于平均场G-P方程并运用传播子方法，求解玻色凝聚气体基态波函数及其随时间的演化，给出了物质波干涉图样的空间分布与光晶格势周期结构之间的关系.研究表明，运用这一方法得到的光晶格势中物质波干涉条纹与光学中的多光束干涉相类似，并且与Andrews 和Peil等人的实验结果一致.物质波干涉图样随时间的演化也与Sadhan K. Adhikari通过直接数值求解G-P方程所得结果基本相同. 关键词： 玻色凝聚气体 子凝聚原子云 光晶格势 干涉     

Three Charged Bosons Confined in a Harmonic Trap

A system of three charged bosons confined in a harmonic trap has been investigated by an exact diagonalization. We report a calculation for the energy spectrum of the low-lying states of a system of three charged bosons. The important feature of the low-lying states of three charged bosons in a harmonic trap is obtained via an analysis of the energy spectrum.     

Three Charged Bosons Confined in a Harmonic Trap

A system of three charged bosons confined in a harmonic trap has been investigated by an exact diagonalization. We report a calculation for the energy spectrum of the low-lying states of a system of three charged bosons.The important feature of the low-lying states of three charged bosons in a harmonic trap is obtained via an analysis of the energy spectrum.     

Collective excitations of harmonically trapped ideal gases

We theoretically study the collective excitations of an ideal gas confined in an isotropic harmonic trap. We give an exact solution to the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation; as expected for a single-component system, the associated mode frequencies are integer multiples of the trapping frequency. We show that the expressions found by the scaling ansatz method are a special case of our solution. Our findings are most useful in case the trap contains more than one phase: we demonstrate how to obtain the oscillation frequencies in case an interface is present between the ideal gas and a different phase.     

Lieb mode in a quasi-one-dimensional bose-einstein condensate of atoms

We calculate the dispersion relation associated with a solitary wave in a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms confined in a harmonic, cylindrical trap in the limit of weak and strong interactions. In both cases, the dispersion relation is linear for long-wavelength excitations and terminates at the point where the group velocity vanishes. We also calculate the dispersion relation of sound waves in both limits of weak and strong coupling.     

Nonequilibrium spin dynamics in a trapped fermi gas with effective spin-orbit interactions

We consider a trapped atomic system in the presence of spatially varying laser fields. The laser-atom interaction generates a pseudospin degree of freedom (referred to simply as spin) and leads to an effective spin-orbit coupling for the fermions in the trap. Reflections of the fermions from the trap boundaries provide a physical mechanism for effective momentum relaxation and nontrivial spin dynamics due to the emergent spin-orbit coupling. We explicitly consider evolution of an initially spin-polarized Fermi gas in a two-dimensional harmonic trap and derive nonequilibrium behavior of the spin polarization. It shows periodic echoes with a frequency equal to the harmonic trapping frequency. Perturbations, such as an asymmetry of the trap, lead to the suppression of the spin echo amplitudes. We discuss a possible experimental setup to observe spin dynamics and provide numerical estimates of relevant parameters.     

Lie algebraic approach of a charged particle in presence of a constant magnetic field via the quadratic invariant

In this paper we consider the problem of a charged harmonic oscillator under the influence of a constant magnetic field. The system is assumed to be isotropic and the magnetic field is applied along the z-axis. The canonical transformation is invoked to remove the interaction term and the system is reduced to a model containing the second harmonic generation. Two classes of the real and complex quadratic invariants (constants of motion) are obtained. We have employed the Lie algebraic technique to find the most general solution for the wave function for both real and complex invariants. Some discussions related to the advantage of using the quadratic invariants to solve the Cauchy problem instead of the direct use of the Hamiltonian itself are also given.