Distributions and correlations of constituent quarks in jets

In the frame of the quark recombination model, we study the momentum distributions and correlations of constituent quarks in jets by analyzing the final state hadrons generated by PYTHIA for the hard parton fragmentation processes in vacuum. Parameterizations for the distributions are tabulated.     

NuTeV反常与奇异夸克反夸克不对称性

总结了利用核子内的奇异夸克反奇异夸克不对称性来解释NuTeV反常的工作,表明奇异夸克反奇异夸克不对称性可作为解释NuTeV反常的一种合理机制,也说明了NuTeV反常现象也可能是对奇异夸克反奇异夸克不对称性的一种支持。This talk summarized the results of using strange quark-antistrage quark asymmetry of the nucleon to explain the NuTeV anomaly. It is shown that asymmetric strange quark-antistrage quark distributions may be a reasonable explanation for the NuTeV defect. On the other side, the NuTeV anomaly could be the evidence for the existence of asymmetric strange-antistrange quark distributions.     

Meson polarized distribution function and mass dependence of the nucleon parton densities

The polarized distribution functions of mesons,including pion,kaon and eta,using the proton structure function,are calculated.We are looking for a relationship between the polarized distribution of mesons and the polarized structure of nucleons.We show that the meson polarized parton distributions leads to zero total spin for the concerned mesons,considering the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons inside the meson.Two separate Monte Carlo algorithms are applied to compute the polarized parton distributions of the kaon.Via the mass dependence of quark distributions,the distribution function of the eta meson is obtained.A new method by which the polarized sea quark distributions of protons are evolved separately-which cannot be performed easily using the standard solution of DGLAP equations-is introduced.The mass dependence of these distributions is obtained,using the renormalization group equation which makes their evolutions more precise.Comparison between the evolved distributions and the available experimental data validates the suggested solutions for separated evolutions.     

Parametrization of nuclear parton distributions

Optimum nuclear parton distributions are obtained by analysing available experimental data on electron and muon deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The distributions are given at Q ²=1 GeV² with a number of parameters, which are determined by a X ² analysis of the data. Valencequark distributions are relatively well determined at medium x, but they are slightly dependent on the assumed parametrization form particularly at small x. Although antiquark distributions are shadowed at small x, their behavior is not obvious at medium x from the F ₂ data. The gluon distributions could not be restricted well by the inclusive DIS data; however, the analysis tends to support the gluon shadowing at small x. We provide analytical expressions and computer subroutines for calculating the nuclear parton distributions, so that other researchers could use them for applications to other high-energy nuclear reactions.     

价夸克分布与海夸克分布的核效应

提出了一个由轻子-核深度非弹性散射和核Drell-Yan过程的实验数据得到价夸克分布和海夸克分布的核效应函数RvA(x_t)和RsA(x_t)的方法. 由这两个函数可以检验解释核效应的理论模型. 以铁核为例求出了RvFe(x_t)和Rs(Fe)(x_t).     

Helicity-dependent generalized parton distributions in constituent quark models

Helicity-dependent generalized parton distributions of the nucleon are derived from the overlap representation of generalized parton distributions using light-cone wave functions obtained in constituent quark models. Results from two different quark models are used also to study the angular momentum sum rule and the spin asymmetry in polarized electron scattering.     

夸克喷注与胶子喷注角分布特性的研究

用蒙特卡洛模拟Jetset 7.4产生质心能量为91.2GeV的正负电子对撞事件. 在引入喷注的圆锥角后, 对不同味的夸克喷注和由不同味夸克发射的胶子产生的喷注的角分布特性进行了仔细研究. 结果发现, 在相同的能量下, 胶子喷注的角分布范围比夸克喷注的角分布范围要明显宽一些. 在带电粒子数、横动量相同的条件下, 胶子喷注的平均圆锥角比夸克喷注的平均圆锥角大很多. 喷注的平均圆锥角随带电多重数以及喷注的横动量的分布都呈线性正关联. 由不同味的夸克发射的胶子产生的喷注的圆锥角分布特性相同；而不同味的夸克喷注的圆锥角分布存在明显的差异.     

QCD corr ec tions to d ecay-l ep ton polar and azimu thal angular dis tribu tions in e+ e− → t $$\ov erlin e t $$ in th e sof t-gluon approxima tionin th e sof t-gluon approxima tion

QCD corrections to order α _s in the soft-gluon approximation to angular distributions of decay charged leptons in the process e ⁺ e ⁻ → t , followed by semileptonic decay of t , are obtained in the esu− e ⁻ centre-of-mass frame. As compared to distributions in the top rest frame, these have the advantage that they would allow direct comparison with experiment without the need to reconstruct the top rest frame. The results also do not depend on the choice of a spin quantization axis for t or t. Analytic expression for the triple distribution in the polar angle of t and polar and azimuthal angles of the lepton is obtained. Analytic expression is also derived for the distribution in the charged-lepton polar angle. Numerical values are discussed for √s=400, 800 and 1500 GeV.     

Determining the strange and antistrange quark distributions of the nucleon

The difference between the strange and antistrange quark distributions,δs(x) = s(x) ˉs(x),and the combination of light quark sea and strange quark sea,Δ(x) =ˉ d(x) + uˉ(x) s(x) ˉs(x),are originated from non-perturbative processes and can be calculated using non-perturbative models of the nucleon.We report calculations of δs(x) and Δ(x) using the meson cloud model.Combining our calculations of Δ(x) with relatively well known light antiquark distributions obtained from global analysis of available experimental data,we estimate the total strange sea distributions of the nucleon.     

Open quantum system approach for heavy quark thermalization

We treat heavy quark as an open quantum system in a hot medium and rederive the stochastic Schr?dinger equation (SSE) from the full Schr?dinger equation for both heavy quarks and the medium. We apply the SSE to the dynamical evolutions of a heavy quark (as a system) in the static hot medium (as an environment). Heavy quarks interact with the medium via random scatterings, which exchange the momentum and phase factor randomly between two wave functions of the system and the environment. The exchange of momentum and phase factor results in the transition between different eigenstates of the system. These are included via an external stochastic potential in the Hamiltonian of SSE. Stochastic wave functions of a heavy quark are evolved with the stochastic external potential. The mean wave functions and corresponding momentum distributions of heavy quarks are obtained after the ensemble average over a large set of stochastic wave functions. We present the thermalization of heavy quarks in the static medium with different coupling strengths.     

Heavy quark production at LHC in the color dipole formalism

In this work we estimate the heavy quark production in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at LHC energies using the color dipole formalism and the solution of the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. Nuclear effects are considered in the computation of the total cross sections and rapidity distributions for scattering on protons and nuclei.     

Polarized structure functions of nucleons and nuclei

We determine the quark distributions and structure functions for both unpolarized and polarized DIS of leptons on nucleons and nuclei. The scalar and vector mean fields in the nucleus modify the motions of the quarks inside the nucleons. By taking into account this medium modification, we are able to reproduce the experimental data on the unpolarized EMC effect, and to make predictions for the polarized EMC effect. We discuss examples of nuclei where the polarized EMC effect could be measured. We finally present an extension of our model to describe fragmentation functions.     

Λ resonances studied in K~-p→Σ~0π~0 in a chiral quark model

A chiral quark-model approach is extended to the study of the KN scattering at low energies. The process of K~-p→Σ~0π~0 at P_K≤ 800 MeV/c (i.e. the center mass energy W ≤ 1.7 GeV) is investigated. The A(1405)S_(01) dominates the reactions over the energy region considered here. Around P_K≌400 MeV/c, the A(1520)D_(03) is responsible for a strong resonant peak in the cross section. Our analysis suggests that there exist configuration mixings within the Λ(1405)S_(01) and A(1670)S_(01) as admixtures of the [70,~21,1/2] and [70,~28, 1/2] configurations. The Λ(1405)S_(01) is dominated by [70,~21,1/2], and A(1670)S01 by [70,~28, 1/2]. The non-resonant background contributions, i.e. u-channel and b-channel, also play important roles in the explanation of the angular distributions due to amplitude interferences.     

Effect of anomalous tbW vertex on decay-lepton distributions in e + e − → tt and CP-violating asymmetries

We obtain analytic expressions for the energy and polar-angle double differential distributions of a secondary lepton l ⁺ (l ⁻) arising from the decay of t(t) in e ⁺ e ⁻ → tt with an anomalous tbW decay vertex. We also obtain analytic expressions for the various differential cross-sections with the lepton energy integrated over. In this case, we find that the angular distributions of the secondary lepton do not depend on the anomalous coupling in the decay, regardless of possible anomalous couplings occurring in the production amplitude for e ⁺ e ⁻ → tt. Our study includes the effect of longitudinal e ⁻ and e ⁺ beam polarization. We also study the lepton energy and beam polarization dependence of certain CP-violating lepton angular asymmetries arising from an anomalous tbW decay vertex and compare them with the asymmetries arising due to CP-violation in the production process due to the top electric or weak dipole moment.     

200A GeV硫打原子核反应中奇异压低的约化和奇异反重子产生

用事件产生器LUCIAE分析了200AGeV硫打原子核反应中p和Λ产额､横动量分布以及Λ/p比值的NA35数据,结果表明:NA35数据反映了极端相对论性核一核碰撞中青异压低与同能量的核子-核子碰撞相比有约化的现象;但是核-核碰撞中Λ/p比值趋向1,并不必然意味着夸克的味对称性.     

Influence of quark energy loss on extracting nuclear sea quark distribution from nuclear Drell-Yan experimental data

By means of two typical kinds of quark energy loss parametrization and the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data, a leading order analysis is performed on the proton-induced Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios of tungsten versus deuterium as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and target nuclei. It is found that the theoretical results with quark energy loss are in good agreement with the experimental data. The quark energy loss effect produces approximately 3% to 11% suppression on the Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios R_W/D in the range 0.05≤x₂≤0.3. The application of nuclear Drell-Yan data with heavy targets is remarkably subject to difficulty in the constraint of the nuclear sea quark distribution.     

氘核极化结构函数的核效应

极化深度非弹性散射是研究质子、氘核内部部分子精细结构的有利工具.利用基于微扰QCD模型得到的6夸克集团内部自旋夸克的分布函数,研究了氘核极化结构函数的核效应.发现考虑了核效应后的氘核极化结构函数比没有考虑核效应的结果能更好地符合SLAC E155的实验数据.     

Effects of nuclear charge fluctuations on dilepton photoproduction

Fluctuations of dilepton production from two photon interactions γγ→l~+l~- are studied in semicentral and peripheral nuclear collisions.Based on the Weizsacker-Williams approach,electromagnetic(EM) fields generated by moving nuclear charges are approximated as quasi-real photons.As fluctuating EM fields in each collision event are hard to be measured directly in experiments due to its short lifetime,we study the dilepton photoproduction with fluctuating EM fields,which are crucial for the EM fields induced chiral and charged particle evolutions,and calculate the relative standard deviation of the dilepton mass spectrum with the event-by-event fluctuating nuclear charge distributions.This fluctuation effect becomes smaller in more peripheral collisions where the shift of proton positions is implicit for EM fields outside the nucleus.The uncertainty of effective impact parameter △b on the standard deviation is also studied,and its effect is around one-third of the effect of nuclear charge fluctuations when △b is taken as～1 fm.     

Searching for Flavor-Changing Neutral-Current Signalsvia e+e-(γγ) → t\bar{c}h0t in Topcolor-Assisted Technicolor Model

In the context of the top-color-assisted technicolor (TC2) model, the flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) interaction induced by the top-higgs (h⁰_t) are predicted at tree level. We study the relevant processes of e⁺e^-(γγ)→ t\bar{c}h⁰_t at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It is found that these rare processes production rates can be enhanced significantly in the TC2 model. Especially for the process γγ → t\bar{c}h⁰_t, the total cross section will reach a few fb in the reasonable parameter space. We also calculate the distributions of transverse momenta, pseudo-rapid and invariant mass of the top-higgs. In view of the main decay modes of top-higgs for m_h⁰t<2m_t, we find that there will be several hundreds FCNC events produced at the ILC with annuallyintegral luminosity of 500 fb^-1. Due to the clean background, such FCNC signals can possibly be detected at the ILC.     

Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of Proton in Relativistic Constituent Quark Model

Based on relativistic constituent quark (RCQ) model, the electric and magnetic form factors are analyzed. The ratio of the two form factors for the proton $G_{E_p}/G_{M_p}$, which is an image of its charge and magnetization distributions, is calculated in the light-front formulism of RCQ model. Recently, this ratio was measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the polarization technique. The new data presented span the range 3.5 GeV²<Q²<5.6 GeV² and are well described by a linear Q² fit. Also, the ratio $\sqrt{Q^{2}}F_{2p}/k_{p}F_{1p}$ reaches a constant value while Q² becomes larger than 2 (GeV)². Our calculation results are presented and appear to be consistent with the experimental ones.