Synthetic studies on (+)-naphthyridinomycin: stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic core framework

[reaction: see text] The stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic intermediate 21 for (+)-naphthyridinomycin (1) has been accomplished. The convergent synthesis used the Ugi 4CC reaction with the amine derivative 10. The key features of the stereoselective synthesis of 21 were the intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction, an aromatic-aldehyde cyclization, and a stereoselective hydroboration.     

Facile and highly stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic erythrinane core

A highly stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic core of the Erythrina alkaloids is reported through the application of a Meyers bicyclic lactam template.     

RCM-mediated stereoselective synthesis of three novel tetrahydroisoquinoline tetracyclic core frameworks

Three novel tetrahydroisoquinoline tetracyclic core frameworks were stereoselectively synthesized. The key steps included a ring-closing metathesis (RCM)-mediated cyclization and a subsequent intramolecular S_N2 N(O)-substituted reaction. This simple method for tetracyclic core synthesis facilitates the further exploration of the chemical space of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids.     

Synthetic studies on chartelline C: stereoselective construction of the core skeleton

What a core-ker! The title synthesis was achieved using a route featuring an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction of a nosyl amide, stereoselective construction of the β-lactam, and formation of an enamide moiety by selenoxide elimination. The stereochemistry of the alkylation for the formation of the β-lactam was controlled by a secondary hydroxy group on the ten-membered ring. SEM=2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl; TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl.     

Synthetic studies on altemicidin: stereocontrolled construction of the core framework

The stereoselective synthesis of the key intermediate for altemicidin has been accomplished. The synthesis commenced with a bicyclo[3.3.0] framework, which was readily obtained via an intramolecular C-H insertion reaction. A Curtius rearrangement was employed as a key step to stereoselectively construct the beta-hydroxyl alpha-disubstituted-alpha-amino acid structure. Synthesis of vinylogous urea was achieved using hydrolysis of nitrile intermediate.     

Synthetic studies on (+)-ophiobolin A: asymmetric synthesis of the spirocyclic CD-ring moiety

[reaction; see text] Asymmetric synthesis of the spirocyclic CD-ring moiety of (+)-ophiobolin A is described. Fragment A, which was prepared via pig liver esterase (PLE)-mediated kinetic resolution, and fragment B, which was prepared via diastereoselective allylation and subsequent kinetic iodolactonization, were coupled to afford the allylsilane 2, which was successfully cyclized to the desired spirocyclic CD-ring moiety 1a in the presence of a Lewis acid.     

Synthetic studies on the MARDi cascade: stereoselective synthesis of heterocyclic seven-membered rings

[reaction: see text] A versatile stereoselective synthesis of substituted and functionalized heterocyclic seven-membered rings is described. The approach involves a formal two-carbon ring expansion of heterocyclic cyclopentanones through a base-induced anionic domino three-component transformation named the MARDi cascade leading either to oxa-, aza-, or thiacycloheptanes bearing up to five contiguous stereogenic centers.     

Expedient synthesis of the tetracyclic core of ent-nakadomarin A

An efficient eight-step assembly of the tetracyclic core (ABCD rings) of ent-(+)-nakadomarin A, a bioactive hexacyclic marine alkaloid, has been realized with Sonogashira coupling, platinum(II)-promoted cascade cyclizations, and saturation of a challenging carbon-carbon double bond through a hydroboration/oxidation/xanthate formation/Barton-McCombie deoxygenation sequence as key transformations.     

Synthetic studies toward the mitomycins: construction of the tetracyclic core via a reductive aminocyclization reaction

The tetracyclic core of the mitomycin family of natural products has been formed in one step from an acyclic precursor via a reductive aminocyclization reaction. Additionally, the eight-membered benzazocine can be prepared without the need for prior activation of the aniline. Construction of a mitomycin K analogue lacking the C9a methoxy moiety is also reported herein.     

A stereoselective synthesis of (+)-gonyautoxin 3

An asymmetric synthesis of the paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), (+)-gonyautoxin 3, is described. A unique, Rh-catalyzed amination reaction provides rapid access to the heteratom-rich, tricyclic core of the toxin, which is common to more than 30 related natural products. The completed route should facilitate the preparation of other naturally occurring PSPs and designed analogues thereof.     

Synthetic studies on neomarinone: practical and efficient stereoselective synthesis of the side chain

A practical and efficient stereoselective synthesis of the side chain of neomarinone is reported. The synthesis was achieved in six steps (41% overall yield) from 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone. The key step is a novel stereoselective 1,4-conjugate addition/enolate alkylation by an epoxide-opening reaction.     

A short stereoselective synthesis of (+)-boronolide

A short and stereoselective synthesis of (+)-boronolide via oxidative functionalization of an olefin using a pendant sulfinyl group is described. Diastereoselective allylation was performed using Keck’s protocol and the lactone moiety was prepared by ring closing metathesis.     

Synthetic studies towards Chlorahololides A: practical synthesis of a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid core framework with a 5,6-double bond

Towards Chlorahololides A: a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid framework that contains a 5,6-double bond was synthesized from simple starting materials. The reductive cyclization of a 1,6-enyne and an unusual endo-type intramolecular Heck reaction was used as key steps for ring closure.     

A concise stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-artemisinin

A protective group free, concise, and stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-artemisinin, starting from readily available (R)-(+)-citronellal, is described. Asymmetric 1, 4-addition, Aldol condensation, Ene reaction, regioselective hydroboration are the key steps involved in the total synthesis of the target molecule.     

Synthetic studies toward (+)-cortistatin A

We describe herein the synthesis of a late-stage intermediate en route to cortistatin A. Key transformations included a Snieckus-like cascade sequence culminating in a 6π-electrocyclization, an alkylative dearomatization, and the stereoselective functionalization of the cortistatin A-ring. While the total synthesis we sought was not accomplished, the work sets the stage for several approaches to the preparation of novel analogs via diverted total synthesis.     

Synthetic studies on cyathins: enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-allocyathin B2

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-allocyathin B(2) has been achieved. Our approach features a convergent enantioselective construction of the 5-6-7 tricyclic core system using the originally developed chiral building blocks via asymmetric catalysis, the intramolecular aldol reaction in high yield, successful samarium diiodide-mediated ring expansion, and a newly developed double-bond installation method.     

Total stereoselective synthesis of (+)-goniothalesdiol

[reaction: see text] The stereoselective synthesis of (+)-goniothalesdiol (1) was accomplished in nine steps starting from commercially available (-)-(2S,3S)-dimethyl D-tartrate (3). The key features were a completely diastereoselective reduction of a beta-ketosulfoxide to generate the stereogenic center at C-5 in 7 and formation of the 2,5-cis-substituted tetrahydrofuran ring in 10 from a stereoselective Et(3)SiH/TMSOTf-promoted reductive cyclization/deoxygenation.     

Synthetic study of yonarolide: stereoselective construction of the tricyclic core

Stereoselective construction of the tricyclic core of yonarolide (1), a marine norditerpenoid, was achieved. This synthetic route includes a Diels-Alder reaction and an intramolecular aldol condensation. It also involves efficient epimerization through a retro-Michael reaction-Michael addition and will be applicable to the total synthesis of 1.     

Synthetic studies on (+)-biotin, part 15: A chiral squaramide-mediated enantioselective alcoholysis approach toward the total synthesis of (+)-biotin

An efficient stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-biotin (1) has been achieved via the intermediacy of Roche's lactone 5 starting from cis-1,3-dibenzyl-2-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (2). The bifunctional cinchona alkaloid-derived squaramide-promoted enantioselective alcoholysis was utilizing as a tool for the construction of two contiguous stereocenters of C-3a and C-6a in biotin molecular with excellent enantioselectivity. In addition, the 4-carboxybutyl side chain was assembled by first using C4+C1 approach via a novel tricyclic thiophanium salt intermediate.     

Biomimetic synthesis of the tetracyclic core of berkelic acid

Acid-catalyzed condensation of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3 with ketal aldehyde 14 in methanol at 25 degrees C, followed by CH2N2 esterification, gave a 4:1:4:1 mixture of diastereomers 15b-18b in 60% yield. Equilibration of this mixture with TFA in CDCl3 provided tetracycle 15b (83% yield) with the complete skeleton of berkelic acid. A similar condensation at 0 degrees C afforded 15b-18b and a reduction product 19b, which was probably formed by a 1,5-hydride shift.