Fluorine NMR Chemical Shifts in Certain Ionic Fluorides

NMR chemical shifts are known for various nuclei in numerous solid compounds. Especially detailed data were obtained for NMR of ¹⁹F. The present work cites the measurement results for fluorine NMR chemical shifts in several d¹⁰-element fluorides previously not investigated. At the same time, the fluorine chemical shift values in alkali, alkali-earth and some other metal fluorides were measured anew. (This was necessitated by the discrepancies in the shift magnitudes, cited by various authors, as well as by the inaccuracy of the mutual chemical shifts of some standards commonly used.     

氟苯类化合物19F NMR化学位移的计算

提出了计算氟苯类化合物¹⁹F NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal（¹⁹F）=-113.5+Δo+Δm+Δp+C, 结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了20种取代基参数, 计算结果以160种氟苯类化合物的263个¹⁹F NMR化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,计算值与实验值的平均偏差为0.628,计算值与实验值的标准偏差为4.720,约有93.2%的¹⁹F NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差<7.0（相对误差<0.7%）.     

芳香醚类化合物13C NMR化学位移模拟

构建了基于分子三维结构计算的原子电负性距离矢量（atomic electronegative space distance vector,AESDV）,用以描述各芳香醚类化合物分子中不同等价碳原子的化学微环境,并结合原子自身杂化状态指数（AHSI）,建立了13C核磁共振定量结构波谱关系的多元线性回归模型,复相关系数（R）为0.964,标准误差（SD）为8.673．经留一法交互检验的复相关系数（RCV）为0.948,标准误差（SDCV）为10.362．随机抽出样本进行外部检验,得到测试集的复相关系数（Rtest1及 Rtest2）分别为0.979和0.939,标准误差（SDtest1及 SDtest2）分别为6.400和10.162．研究结果表明,使用该方法所建模型具有良好的预测能力和稳定性．     

卤代甲烷核磁共振谱化学位移的QSSR研究

利用描述电子效应的诱导效应指数（ΣI）、原子的平衡电负性（X_E）和反映核外电子云变形程度的总电子数（Σ_e）、各取代基到中心原子的化学键键长总和（Σ_d）以及各取代基电负性的和差值（ΔX）等参数对45个卤代甲烷化合物中的碳原子结构进行表征,并与其¹³C NMR谱化学位移建立了优良的定量结构-波谱关系模型：δ_Ｃ＝ -7403.8022-47.1765ΣI＋4290.0270X_E－3.3067ΔX－163.4672Σd－4.5153Σe＋22.9851Σe／Σd＋15.2597Σe／X_E－890.2521Σd／X_E．所建多元线性回归方程复相关系数R²及留一法（leave-one-out,LOO）交互验证（cross validation, CV）的复相关系数R²_CV分别为0.09951和0.9950．结果表明所建模型不仅能比现有文献更好地揭示卤代甲烷¹³C NMR谱化学位移与其分子结构信息之间的关系,同时也提供一种计算卤代甲烷¹³C NMR谱化学位移的新方法．     

烯氢和烯碳化学位移的本质

对乙烯、共轭二烯、叠烯、羰基、烯胺、亚胺双键中的sp²杂化碳、氧、氮原子以及双键相连的质子或碳原子化学位移实验数据的分析表明, 目前化学位移理论中所采用的π-键在磁场中产生环流的假说与实验结果有严重矛盾. 核周电子云变形模型可较好地解决这些矛盾.     

13C NMR在新型灵芝三萜类化合物的应用

高等真菌灵芝属的子实体作为著名的中药,灵芝三萜类化合物是中药灵芝主要活性化学成分,近年来灵芝三萜类化合物仍然不断被大量发现, 而且结构越来越新奇. 本文总结了10年来文献报道灵芝三萜化合物的¹³C NMR化学位移,找出了一些规律, 对进行灵芝三萜化合物类结构的研究,将提供十分便捷的途径.     

A Comparison of the Experimental and ab Initio Values of theO NMR Chemical Shifts in the Carbonyl Group

New experimental and theoretical results are presented for the NMR shielding of oxygen in the carbonyl group. The experimental values clearly demonstrate that the solvent effects are very significant. The new results for the chemical shifts are in better agreement than the previous literature data with the corresponding ab initio values calculated for isolated molecules.     

A Quantitative Study of Effects of Rare Earth Chelates on NMR Chemical Shifts: I. Treatment of 1:1 Complexes and Chemical Shifts of the Pure Complexes

Recently several rare earth chelates have been found that induce large and dramatic chemical shifts when complexed with a ligand.¹ This is due to paramagnetic shielding, the mechanism of which is observed to be a pseudo-contact shift. In cases such as this involving dynamic equilibria where exchange of protons is rapid compared to observation time, the observed chemical shift represents an average environment determined by the time the proton nuclei spend at each site. The effective site of the complex is a lone pair donor such as the oxygen of a carbonyl group, alcohol, or ether, or the nitrogen of various nitrogen containing groups. The oxygen bearing compounds could theoretically form strong complexes with the added possibility of multiple complexes with chelates. The nitrogen bearing compounds of weak donor strength and containing only a lone pair would presumably form only the 1:1 complex.     

雪胆素C的1H和13C NMR化学位移完全归属

雪胆素C是一个雪胆素甲在碱性条件下，乙酰基转移产生的同分异构体. 文中报道了应用¹³C NMR-DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY, NOESY, ¹³C-¹H COSY等多种NMR技术，对雪胆素C的NMR碳氢化学位移完全指定.     

13C NMR Chemical Shifts and CH Coupling Constants of Substituted 4-Ylidenebutenolides

The ¹³C chemical shifts and CH coupling constants for 6 substituted 4-ylidenebutenolides are reported. The CH coupling constants are useful in helping to determine the stereochemistry of the substituted exocyclic double bond.     

取代亚胺中亚胺基^15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子15N NMR化学位移的经验公式:δcal=δ0n Δα Δβ Δγ c.按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的15N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0(相对误差小于0.3%).初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

由13C NMR化学位移测定值确定烷烃生成焓

本文通过分析烷烃核磁共振碳谱（¹³C NMR）化学位移与生成焓之间的关系,提出由¹³C NMR化学位移的测定值来确定烷烃生成焓的新方法．用53个烷烃分子的¹³C NMR化学位移总和（SCS）、三键数（P3）以及碳原子数目（n）与生成焓实验值进行相关,所得回归方程的相关性良好（相关系数R=0.998 2,标准偏差S=3.5 kJ/mol）．进而,通过随机抽样和留一法证实该方程具有良好的稳定性和预测能力．将烷烃¹³C NMR化学位移与其生成焓定量联系起来,不仅有利于深入理解分子结构与性能关系,还为预测那些难于测定且费时的物理化学性质提供了新思路．     

取代基效应对脂肪醇^13C NMR化学位移的影响

用原子电负性、静电作用、极化度作为基本参数, 并结合表征原子空间连接方式的立体效应参数, 对醇分子中不同环境碳原子的化学位移进行关联, 将120个模型化合物(91个脂肪一元醇, 29个二元醇)中747个碳原子相关参数值和化学位移值带入模型中得到如下估算方程:δC=42.947 9 + 63.064 0Qi-3.628 6F+5.121 3Σαx-6.584 8QiΣαx-4.842 7NαH-0.585 5NγH-4.104 6NγOH(R=0.998 1 R2=0.996 1 S=1.14 F=27 125.2 n=747)方程中各参数物理意义比较明确. 通过用"留一法"(LOO)检验(Rcv=0.998 0, R2cv=0.996 0, Scv=1.16)及对样本外5个化合物69个碳原子化学位移的预测值和实验值比较, 结果表明模型方程具有很好的稳定性和预测精度, 该模型的提出为以后计算更加复杂化合物的13C NMR化学位移奠定了良好的基础.     

脂肪族醚类化合物核磁共振碳谱模拟

利用原子电性作用矢量(atomic electronegativity interaction vector, AEIV)对脂肪族醚类化合物中碳原子局部化学微环境进行表征, 并结合γ-效应参数与其核磁共振碳谱(¹³C NMR)建立定量构谱相关(QSSR)模型,建模计算值和留一法(leave-one-out, LOO)交互校验(cross-validation, CV)预测值的复相关系数(R)分别为0.995 7和0.994 2. 进一步使用外部样本对所得模型稳定性能进行检验,其外部校验相关系数(Q_ext)为0.996 3,结果表明： AEIV、γ-效应参数与¹³C NMR谱化学位移显著相关.     

Carbon-13 NMR Spectrum of Bilirubin

The structure of bilirubin and of bilirubin derivatives has been studied by various physical techniques, including optical spectroscopy^(1,2), optical rotatory dispersion,⁽⁴⁾ isotope exchange⁽⁵⁾ and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy^(2,3,5). A good deal of chemical information on bilirubin is also available^(6). The interpretation of most of the experimental results, however, have been inconclusive and different possible structures of the molecule could be shown to accommodate the experimental data.     

具有CF2=CF结构的化合物中19F NMR化学位移的计算

系统总结和分析前人对19F NMR化学位移研究成果的基础上,对19F NMR化学位移的规律进行研究,最终确定用回归分析中的最小二乘法来确定计算19F NMR化学位移的公式,并用F检验法对所得计算公式进行检验,给出了具有CF2=CF结构的化合物中19F NMR化学位移的计算公式δcal=B+△α+△β,该公式的置信度为9...     

13C NMR Chemical Shifts of Heterocycles: Empirical Substituent Effects in 5-Halomethylisoxazoles

Evaluation by empirically derived equations for the Substituent effect (α, β, γ, δ) on the ¹³C NMR chemical shifts for C-3, C-4. C-5 and halomethyl-substituent carbon (C-6) in isoxazoles 1-5 [where C-3 substituent (R¹) = H, alkyl or phenyl, C-4 Substituent (R²) = H, alkyl, and C-5 substituent (R³) = di-or trihalomethyl, methyl and H], taking as reference the compound la, is reported. From the calculated values for the α, β, γ, δ effects for each substituent it was possible to estimate the chemical shift of each carbon of the compounds 1–5. The ¹³ C chemical shifts of the C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6 of these compounds, can be estimated with good precision: 94% of the calculated chemical shifts are found to be within ±1.0ppm, and 100% are found to be within ±1.5ppm.     

NMR Nomenclature: Nuclear Spin Properties and Conventions for Chemical Shifts. IUPAC Recommendations 2001

A unified scale is recommended for reporting the NMR chemical shifts of all nuclei relative to the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane. The unified scale is designed to provide a precise ratio, Ξ, of the resonance frequency of a given nuclide to that of the primary reference, the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in dilute solution (volume fraction, <1%) in chloroform. Referencing procedures are discussed, including matters of practical application of the unified scale. Special attention is paid to recommended reference samples, and values of Ξ for secondary references on the unified scale are listed, many of which are the results of new measurements. Some earlier recommendations relating to the reporting of chemical shifts are endorsed. The chemical shift, δ, is redefined to avoid previous ambiguities but to leave practical usage unchanged. Relations between the unified scale and recently published recommendations for referencing in aqueous solutions (for specific use in biochemical work) are discussed, as well as the special effects of working in the solid state with magic-angle spinning. In all, nine new recommendations relating to chemical shifts are made. Standardised nuclear spin data are also presented in tabular form for the stable (and some unstable) isotopes of all elements with non-zero quantum numbers. The information given includes quantum numbers, isotopic abundances, magnetic moments, magnetogyric ratios, and receptivities, together with quadrupole moments and line-width factors (where appropriate).