分子诱导效应指数与链烷烃的沸点

利用基团的诱导效应指数，首次提出了分子的诱导效应指数的概念，并定义了 链烷烃的有效碳链长度NC＝（MIs,N/MIb,N)·N，式中MIs,N,MIb,N分别为直链和支 链异构体的分子诱导效应指数。研究结果表明，链烷烃的沸点Tb(℃）与NC关系是 ：1n(806.5-Tb)=6.9824-0.11431NC^2/3     

疏水相互作用引起Gemini表面活性剂柔性联接链的弯曲

为了理解gemini表面活性剂柔性烷基联接链在自组织过程中的特殊作用,我们合成了三种gemini表面活性剂烷基-a,w-二（二-十二烷基甲基溴化铵）（记为2C12-s-2C12×2Br (s=3, 6, 8)）。2C12-s-2C12×2Br在水表面构成铺展膜后,由于每个分子带有4根烷烃链,它们形成了稠密的烷烃尾链层。增强的烷烃尾链与联接链间的疏水相互作用促使联接链弯曲朝向空气一端,可发生弯曲的联接链长度要小于吸附在水溶液表面上的gemini表面活性剂C12-s-C12×2Br,后者每个分子只有2根烷烃链。由此可见,增强的烷烃尾链与联接链间的疏水相互作用可以有效地促进联接链的弯曲。     

正-溴代烷烃的紫外光解动力学研究

利用共振增强多光子电离飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS)，研究了长链正-溴代烷烃R-Br(R为正烷烃基)(C2H5Br，n-C3H7Br，n-C4H9Br)在234及267nm附近的光解动力学．溴碎片来源于R-Br的直接解离：R-Br→R Br(^2P3/2)／Br(^2P1/2)，根据测定的离子信号强度，得到了Br^n与Br的分支比N(Br^*)／N(Br)及相应的相对量子产额φ(Br^*)和φ(Br)．φ(Br^*)与激光波长及分子结构显示了一定的依赖关系，将实验结果用CH3Br的解离模型进行拟合，得到了长链R-Br的光解动力学行为的定性解释。     

分子拓扑指数与链烷烃热力学性质的关系

碳原子个数N和路径数P3是表征链烷烃分子的大小、支化度和形状等结构特征的重要参数,引入烷烃所含甲基数的1.5次方M1和3次方M2表征取代基效应,运用多元线性模型研究了链烷烃标准生成焓、标准摩尔熵、标准生成吉布斯自由能等三种热力学性质与N,P3,M1和M2之间的定量关系,相关系数分别达到0.9993,0.9989和0.9972,标准偏差分别是2.2809kJ/mol,5.9093J/(mol·K),2.0585kJ/mol,其计算值与实验值非常接近.     

关于聚乙烯分子链均方回转半径的进一步讨论

本文考虑到氢原子的影响, 用矩阵代数的方法重新推导了聚乙烯分子链的均方回转半径。在我们得到的公式中若忽略氢原子的质量时, 就简化到Flory的公式。具体数值计算得到聚乙烯分子链均方回转半径对分子量的依赖关系是:〈S^2〉^1^/^2=0.44M^1^/^2比较θ-溶剂的实验数据: ⅹ〈S^2〉^1^/^2~w=0.45±0.08M^1^/^2~w是符合得很好的。     

dN离子在三角场中的基矢及有关矩阵元

通过选用合适的单电子基矢, 使按群链[(O?D_3?C_3)×SU(2)]~N构成的多电子基矢, 成为dN体系D_3?C_3旋量群不可约表示的基矢或其两个一维不可约表示直和的基矢。讨论了有关矩阵元和顺磁参数的计算。     

用均根拓扑指数与路径数预测链烷烃的沸点和热力学性质

以距离矩阵为基础，建构调和均根拓扑指数（K），以表征链烷烃分子的大小 和分支情况，85种链烷烃的沸点(T_b)、标准生成焓(Δ_rH_m~θ)、标准熵(S_m~θ )、标准生成自由能(Δ_fG_m~θ)与K及路径数(P_2, P_3)的回归方程为: ln(793- T_b) = 6.48346-0.10092K + 0.00131P_2-0.01110P_3, R = 0.9996; -Δ_fH_m~θ = 62.664 + 25.331 K + 6.597 P_2 - 0.678 P_3, R = 0.9984; S_m~θ = 170. 691 + 67.425 K - 4.712P_2 + 5.251 P_3, R = 0.9989; Δ_fG_m~θ = -45.677 + 10.060 K + 0.555 P_2 + 2.342P_3, R = 0.9935。它们的计算值与相应实验值 都非常吻合。结果表明，K对链烷烃具有良好的结构选择性和性质相关性。     

用选择离子流动管质谱测定汽油和柴油蒸汽成分

采用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT／MS)装置，以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子对汽油和柴油蒸汽进行了研究，质谱分析表明，汽油和柴油主要由C—H化合物组成，包括烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃。在这几种成分中，烷烃都占有最大的比例；汽油蒸汽和柴油蒸汽最大的区别是柴油蒸汽中长链大分子的挥发性C—H化合物所占的比例远远高于汽油蒸汽。文中还给出了以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子所得到的汽油蒸汽的质谱图，以及汽油、柴油蒸汽中各种成分的定量分析结果。     

新的偶氮酚型和酚兰型生色开链冠醚的合成和配位性质

用酚型开链冠醚1a和1b为原料, 在碱溶液中合成了两类生色开链冠醚: 一类是与对硝基苯重氮氟硼酸盐反应生成的偶氮酚型(2b和2b); 另一类是与N, N-二甲基对苯二胺和K~3[Fe(CN)~6]反应生成的酚兰型(3a和3b)。用紫外-可见光谱法研究了这些生色开链冠醚与碱金属和碱土金属离子的配位性质。发现在THF-H~2O中, 2a对LiClO~4和Ca(ClO~4)~2, 2b对LiClO~4、NaClO~4和Ca(ClO~4)~2, 有较显著的选择性变色作用; 而3a和3b在CH~3CN中, 则对LiClO~4、NaClO~4和各种碱土金属盐,均有不同程度的变色作用, 尤其以对Ca^2^+和Sr^2^+作用时的△λ~m~a~x为最大。这些结果表明, 2a和2b的配位性质分别与由邻苯二酚衍生的2'a和2'b相似, 而3a和3b的配位性质则分别与由邻苯二酚衍生的3'b相似。     

端基附壁高分子链的构象统计理论——Ⅱ.SAW尾形链

研究了SAW尾形链,采用精确计数和Monte Carlo模拟方法求得d维(d=2,3)SAW尾形链的构象数C_1~d和均方末端距[h_1~d(N)]~2及其分量随链长N的变化关系.发现它们与自由SAW链一样都服从标度律,从模拟数据拟合求出了这些SAW尾形链的临界指数.还表明短链SAW在壁的法向与NRW尾形链一样有所伸展,均方末端距的法向分量几乎是平行分量的2倍;但随N→∞,链自回避效应对壁的作用有所屏蔽,这与NRW尾形链有明显不同.     

Ionic Liquid Crystals Formed by Self‐Assembly around an Anionic Anthracene Core

We have designed and synthesised a series of modular, mesogenic complexes based on anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonate and trialkoxybenzyl‐functionalised imidazolium cations. Each complex contains a central, rigid, dianionic anthracene core and two flexible monocations bearing paraffin chains anchored on imidazolium rings. Anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonate can be crystallised with various simple alkylammonium ions and, in the case of ⁺N(CH₃)₂(C₁₆H₃₃)₂, a crystal structure determination has shown that the long paraffinic chains are intercalated between the anthracene moieties. The dianion forms columnar mesophases with trialkoxybenzylimidazolium cations, as identified by polarising optical microscopy and X‐ray scattering measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed mesomorphic behaviour from room temperature to about 200 °C for alkyl chains containing 8, 12 and 16 carbon atoms. The strong luminescence of anthracene is maintained in the mesophase and fluorescence measurements confirmed the presence of J aggregates in all cases. The new functional materials described herein provide an easy access to stable and luminescent mesomorphic materials engineered by an ionic self‐assembly process.     

N,N'-亚乙基双(1-苯基-3-亚氨基-1-丁酮)硫氰酸根合锰(Ⅲ)的合成和晶体结构

合成了N,N'-亚乙基双(1-苯基-3-亚氨基-1-丁酮)硫氰酸根合锰(Ⅲ),Mn(C~2~2H~2~2·N~2O~2)(NCS), Mr=459.44。该配合物晶体的晶体学参数为: 三斜晶系,P1空间群, a=1.0702(3), b=1.2342(2), c=0.8999(2)nm, α=93.74(2)°,β=97.09(2)°, γ=109.07(2)°, V=1.1078(9)nm^3, Dc=1.377g·cm^-^3, Z=2,F(000)=476, μ=6.85cm^-^1。晶体结构用直接法解出, 3205个I≥4σ(I)的可观测点用于结构修正, 最终R=0.052, Rw=0.067。Mn原子由三个N原子和两个O原子形成扭曲的四角锥配位构型, 晶体沿c轴方向存在贯穿整个晶体的空"隧道"。红外光谱和拉曼光谱均表明配体在形成配合物后, ν~C~=~N, ν~C~=~O和ν~C~=~C带均移向低频。ν~C~≡~N带(2063cm^-^1)表明NCS^-是通过N原子与Mn(Ⅲ)配位。拉曼光谱中,462cm^-^1和399cm^-^1分别为Mn-O和Mn-N的振动带。电子光谱表明有d～d^*,π～π^*跃迁和d～π^*荷移跃迁。电极电位测定表明该配合物中Mn(Ⅲ)不易被氧化和还原。并进行了量化计算。     

Selective inhibition of paraffin deposition under high flow rate as a function of the crude oil paraffin type and content by fluorescence depolarization: polypropylene and high-density polyethylene

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were studied to identify tailor-made materials for walls of pipelines and ducts for crude paraffinic oil that inhibit paraffin depositions. The interfacial interaction was investigated from 50 to 70 degrees C and as a function of the n-C(36)H(74) paraffin concentration added to the paraffinic crude oil. The static and the dynamic interfacial tensions were observed, respectively, by traditional contact angle measurements and by fluorescence depolarization of the natural fluorescent probes of the crude oil, flowing at a high rate. The static interaction showed a low dependence on the n-paraffin content for both surfaces. For PP, it decreased slightly as the n-paraffin concentration increased, evidencing an increase in the liquid-liquid interaction. The dynamic interfacial tension with PP clearly decreased as temperature and n-paraffin concentration increased, the latter effect being attributed to the PP methyl groups hindering the interaction between the n-paraffin and the PP main chain. For the flow on HDPE, the interaction proved to be highly dependent on the n-paraffin concentration and temperature. It increased as n-paraffin was added and temperature decreased. The former effect is attributed to the alignment of the n-paraffin chains within the high rate flowing liquid and the similar molecular geometry of the n-paraffin and the linear polymer surface (almost without branches), which increases the number of sites available for interaction. PP proved to be more suitable for transportation of crude oil rich in paraffins with more than 36 carbon atoms, while HDPE was more suitable for those with smaller paraffinic chains.     

氰桥配合物[LmCo^Ⅲ-μ-NC-Fe^Ⅱ(CN)~5]^-的合成与性质

以亚铁氰化钾为原料合成了四种新型配合物,给出元素分析、IR、电子光谱、发射光谱和循环伏安的表征,它们都是氰桥配合物。氰桥的形成由氰基的伸缩振动频率和配合物的电子光谱最大吸收的变化确定。     

trans-[(en)~2(NO~2)Co(O~2CC~5H~5N)]^2^+/Fe(Ⅱ)间电子转移反应动力学及机理研究

合成了新型Co(Ⅲ)配合物trans-[(en)~2(NO~2)Co(O~2CC~5H~5N)](ClO~4)~2, 并通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、元素分析和X射线单晶衍射分析进行了表征。同时分别以[Fe(CN)~6]^4^-和[Fe(CN)~5(H~2O)]^3^-作为还原剂, 考察了该配合物被还原的反应动力学行为。结果表明两反应体系分别按外配位界机理和内配位界机理进行电子传递。在25℃, Ⅰ=0.5mol·L^-^1,trans-[(en)~2(NO~2)Co(O~2CC~5H~5N)]^2^+/[Fe(CN)~6]^4^-反应体系的前驱配合物离子对形成常数Q~i~p=29mol^-^1·L, 电子转移速率常数k~e~t=2.4×10^-^4s^-^1,电子转移过程的活化焓△H^≠~e~t和活化熵△S^≠~e~t分别为1.2×10^2kJ·mol^-^1和5.0×10^2J·mol^-^1·K^-^1。在40℃, pH=8.0, Ⅰ=0.1mol·L^-^1,trans-[(en)~2(NO~2)Co(O~2CC~5H~4N)]^2^+/[Fe(CN)~5(H~2O)]^3^-反应体系前驱双核配合物分子内电子转移速率常数为7.0×10^-^5s^-^1。最后讨论了分子轨道对称性, 两金属中心氧化还原电势差等因素对电子转移速率的影响。     

Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Solidlike Paste Electrode Assembled Using Different Carbon Nanoparticles

Solid like carbon paste electrodes (SCPEs) are built using different carbon materials namely carbon black N110, N220, N375, N772 and acetylene black. The electrochemical behavior of these electrodes and the influence of carbon black/paraffin ratio were studied and the results were discussed and compared to other electrodes prepared with graphite, mesoporous carbon and nanopowder carbon. Cyclic voltammetry, amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed for their electrochemical and analytical characterizations. Amperometric measurements using N110, N220, N375 SCPEs with solid paraffin, showed a linear response of benzoquinone concentration with a detection limit of 75, 32 and 171 nM respectively.     

A facile approach to synthesize a “star-like” material based on β-cyclodextrin for enhancing the flowability of paraffinic oils

A novel compound, which exhibits “star-like” architecture and is expected to be a promising flow improver for paraffinic oils, was presented in the current work. This material was facilely synthesized based on β-cyclodextrin molecule via a catalytic esterification procedure under mild experiment conditions. The chemical formation was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and elemental analysis, respectively. The experimental data revealed that each β-cyclodextrin was attached by approximately seven C14 chains. This type of architecture is supposed to be appropriate to co-crystallize with paraffin melocules through taking the place of a paraffin in crystal lattic and thus disperse the agglomeration of wax crystals. This hypothesis was verified through a yield stress test and rheological analysis. It was observed that after treatment with this compound, the paraffinic oil yielded at a much lower stress value compared to the untreated oil. Moreover, a significant shift of the apparent viscosity vs. temperature curve to the left field occurred. These results demonstrated the capacity of this synthesized compound in enhancing the flowability of paraffinic oils.     

[Cu(C~1~2H~8N~2)(H~2O)(C~4H~4O~4)]·2H~2O的合成和晶 体结构

将适量邻菲啰啉、丁二酸和CuCl~2·2H~2o(摩尔比=1:1)溶于水和甲醇的混合溶剂[V(水):V(甲醇)=1:1]后,滴加NaOH溶液至pH=4.8。滤去沉淀物后,滤液于室温下缓慢蒸发得蓝色细长[Cu(C~1~2H~8N~2)(H~2O)(C~4H~4O~4)]·2H~2O晶体。晶体属三斜晶系,P1(No.2)空间群。晶胞参数a=0.7462(1)nm,b=(0.9959)1nm,c=1.2266(1)nm,α=75.02(1)°,β=82.38(1)°,γ=74.76(1)°,V=0.8475(2)nm^3,Z=2,D~c=1.622g·cm^3,F(000)=426.3882个独立衍射点中,2789个可观测点满足F~0^2≥2σ(F~0^2),R=0.0450,wR^2=0.0951。配合物内每个Cu与邻菲啰啉螯合配体中的2个N原子、来自不同羧酸根的2个羧基O和1个水分子O原子配位,形成扭曲的四方锥体,其中一羧基O位于锥顶[d(Cu－N)=0.2006(3),0.2032(3)nm;赤道d(Cu－O)=0.1972(2),0.1973(2)nm;轴向d(Cu－O)=0.2210(2)nm]。双齿桥联丁二酸根连接Cu原子形成平行于[100]方向的多聚超分子链^1~∞[Cu(phen)~2(H~2O)·(C~4H~4O~4)~2~/~2]~2。芳环堆积间距交替为0.366nm和0.380nm。未配位的H~2O分子位于超分子双链之间。     

Electrochemical study of Aloe-emodin on an ionic liquid-type carbon paste electrode

An ionic liquid-type carbon paste electrode (CPIE) was fabricated from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate mixed with paraffin oil as the binder. The electrochemistry of Aloe-emodin (AE) at the electrode was investigated at pH 1.0 by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The ionic liquid as a binder distinctly enhances the electron transfer rate between AE and the electrode. A redox mechanism is discussed. The CPIE showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and was applied to determine the concentration of AE. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidative peak current increased linearly with the concentration of AE in the range from 10 nM to 12.4 µM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9973. The detection limit is 3.0 nM (at S/N?=?3).     

光学活性N-肉桂酰R(S)-4-异丙基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮的合成及其 量子化学的研究

用KBH~4,CaCl~2为还原使D及L缬氨酸甲酯还原得到光学活性产物R-3-甲基-2-氨基丁醇(2a)及S-3-甲基-2-氨基丁醇(2b)。2a,2b同CS~2在KOH存在下反应得到(R)-4-异丙基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮(3a)及(S)-4-异丙基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮(3b)。肉桂酰氯分别同3a及3b在Et~3N存在下反应得到N-肉桂酰(R)-4-异丙基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮(4a)及N-肉桂酰(S)-4-异丙基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮(4b)。用半经验的量子化学PM3方法研究了反应物和产物的电子结构,得到了产物的最优构型和电荷键序分布以及反应焓变。