L-苏式二氢鞘氨醇的立体选择性合成

二氢鞘氨醇（ＤＨＳ）是２－氨基－１，３－二羟基的饱和长链氨基醇化合物，是构成鞘脂类（包括鞘磷脂和糖鞘脂）的主链部分．由于鞘脂类在自然界中来源稀少，又很难得到纯品．因此，作为鞘脂类主链部分的二氢鞘氨醇的合成有重要的意义［１］．二氢鞘氨醇有两个手性碳，共...     

鞘氨醇激酶的相关抑制剂研究进展

鞘氨醇激酶(SphK)是脂质激酶,其作为癌症生物学中的重要限速酶受到了广泛的关注.它们通过产生鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(S1P)参与多种信号通路的调节,而S1P可介导细胞生长、分化、迁移和血管生成等多种生物学功能.目前鞘氨醇激酶抑制剂的研究是国内外研究的热点,并且随着鞘氨醇激酶1 (SphK1)晶体结构的解析,更多高选择性、高活性的抑制剂被开发出来.本文综述了具有抗肿瘤作用的与鞘氨醇激酶通路相关的抑制剂的研究进展.     

SphK1抑制剂的合成研究进展

鞘氨醇激酶1(Sphingosine kinase 1, SphK1)是一种ATP依赖的脂质激酶,作为关键酶催化鞘氨醇(Sphingosine, Sp)向鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(Sphingosine 1-phosphate, S1P)转化. S1P是细胞内一种重要的信号分子,通过激活细胞内多种信号通路调控细胞的存活或死亡.细胞内SphK1的过度表达,会使胞内S1P水平升高,刺激细胞过度增殖,导致细胞恶性转化,诱发癌变.因此,SphK1可视为癌症治疗的靶标,设计合成靶向SphK1的抑制剂,是治疗癌症的有效方法.迄今为止,已有多种SphK1抑制剂被陆续报道.本文通过对相关合成工作进行归纳综述,期望为新型SphK1抑制剂的开发提供参考.     

神经节苷脂的高效液相色谱－化学衍生方法进展

神经节苷脂的高效液相色谱－化学衍生方法进展徐桂芸，常理文（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）１前言神经节苷脂（Ｇａｎｇｌｉｏｓｉｄｅ）是一类含有唾液酸（Ｓｉａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ）的酸性鞘氨醇糖脂，由鞘氨醇（Ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏ－ｓｉｎｅ）、脂肪酸、寡糖链三...     

从D-甘露糖醇合成(2S, 3R)-鞘氨醇

以D-甘露糖醇为原料, 在制得了(2E)-4, 5-氧异亚丙基戊烯酸酯(5)以后,经不对称双羟基化反应、环硫酸酯化和叠氮化钠区域选择性开环等12步反应以7.7%的总产率合成了标题化合物的2, 3-二苯甲酰产物, 由此为鞘氨醇和神经鞘脂类化合物的合成开辟了又一新的途径。     

鞘糖脂的合成研究进展

综述了神经鞘氨醇、神经酰胺及鞘糖脂全合成研究的基本概况，重点评述了其 最近的研究进展情况。     

从D-半乳糖或L-阿拉伯糖合成叠氮鞘氨醇（英文）

分别以D-半乳糖、L-阿拉伯糖为原料完成了叠氮鞘氨醇的合成,总收率分别为27%和20%.此策略主要特征是烯烃复分解反应、自由基诱导的异构化、Appel反应和叠氮取代.     

(2S, 3R, 4R)-4, 5-O-异亚丙基-2, 3-环亚硫酰-2, 3, 4, 5-四 羟基戊酸乙酯 中硫原子手性的研究

我们在合成鞘氨醇3时,成功地分离到一对环亚硫酸酯1由于硫原子手性形成的非对映异构体,通过氢核磁共振谱分析和分子力学计算,确定了它们手性硫原子的绝对构型。     

高效液相色谱法测定人尿中神经鞘氨醇和二氢神经鞘氨醇

建立了一种检测人尿中神经鞘氨醇（So）和二氢神经鞘氨醇（Sa）的高效液相色谱方法（HPLC）。离心分离尿样中的片状剥落细胞,裂解后用乙酸乙酯萃取、邻苯二甲醛衍生,在HPLC系统中通过梯度洗脱用Nova-PakC18－RP色谱柱（15cm×3．9mm,4μm）分离、荧光检测器检测。So和Sa的检出限均为0．05ng（女性尿样0,075μg/L、男性尿样0．005μg/L）。分析从我国一个村在采集的40份尿样,女性尿样中So、Sa和Sa／So比值分别为1．29－13．58μg/L、0．25－3．13μg/L和0．15－0．25,男性尿样中分别为0．075~3．07μg/L、0.019－0．50μg/L和0．028～0．26。     

(2S, 3R, 4R)-4, 5-O-异亚丙基-2, 3-环亚硫酰-2, 3, 4, 5-四 羟基戊酸乙酯 中硫原子手性的研究

我们在合成鞘氨醇3时,成功地分离到一对环亚硫酸酯1由于硫原子手性形成的非对映异构体,通过氢核磁共振谱分析和分子力学计算,确定了它们手性硫原子的绝对构型.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent sphingosine derivatives

Microwave-assisted synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent sphingosine derivatives is described, and the utility of the probes demonstrated by co-localization studies with visible wavelength fluorescent sphingosine derivatives.     

Straightforward Access to Simplified Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate Analogues

A straightforward approach for the synthesis of a new series of amino phosphates structurally related to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate is described. The commercial availability of the required starting building blocks, the reduced number of steps, and the ease of purification of the intermediate and final compounds make the approach amenable to combinatorial protocols.     

Divergent synthesis of D-erythro-sphingosine,L-threo-sphingosine,and their regioisomers

Starting from a vinyl epoxide, a divergent synthesis of four sphingosine isomers is described. The remaining four isomers can easily be synthesized using the same methodology. Although numerous syntheses of sphingosine have been published, this is the first general route leading to all eight isomers in this important compound class. The synthetic strategy relies on regioselective opening of a vinyl epoxide and a vinylaziridine in the allylic position.     

Versatile synthetic method for sphingolipids and functionalized sphingosine derivatives via olefin cross metathesis

A highly efficient and versatile method for the synthesis of various sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and functionalized sphingosine derivatives, was established by two types of combinations of the olefin cross metathesis reaction. One reaction was between the same olefin part and appropriate amino alcohols, which were prepared starting from N-Boc-L-serine, and the other was between appropriate olefins and the same amino alcohol. [reaction: see text].     

Spontaneous membrane fusion induced by chemical formation of ceramides in a lipid bilayer

Mere chemical generation of ceramide and related double-chain lipids in the membrane of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) induces fusion of the vesicles. The lipids can be successfully prepared by dehydrocondensation between single-chain lipids (fatty acids and sphingosine or its analogues) in a lipid bilayer of the SUV by using a combination of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine and amphiphilic tertiary amine catalysts, a process that can be compared to a successive enzyme model system for a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase followed by acyltransferase. The SUV spontaneously undergoes membrane fusion upon this internal chemical stimulation by the artificial enzyme system.     

Divergent synthetic approach to 6'-modified α-GalCer analogues

A synthetic approach is presented for the synthesis of galacturonic acid and D-fucosyl modified KRN7000. The approach allows for late-stage functionalisation of both the sugar 6'-OH and the sphingosine amino groups, which enables convenient synthesis of promising 6'-modified KRN7000 analogues.     

Efficient synthesis of D-erythro-sphingosine and D-erythro-azidosphingosine from D-ribo-phytosphingosine via a cyclic sulfate intermediate

The synthesis of naturally occurring d-erythro-sphingosine and synthetically useful D-erythro-2-azidosphingosine from commercially available d-ribo-phytosphingosine is described. An important feature of this synthesis is the selective transformation of the 3,4-vicinal diol of phytosphingosine into the characteristic E-allylic alcohol of sphingosine via a cyclic sulfate intermediate.     

Occurrence, biological activities and synthesis of kaurane diterpenes and their glycosides

This paper presents a review on kaurane diterpenes and their glycoside derivatives, covering aspects of their occurrence, biological activities and the synthesis of these natural products and their analogues. First, it shows and classifies diterpenes, in accordance with the already established structural criteria in the literature. Then, kaurane diterpenes are presented, focusing on their chemical structures, occurrence in the plant kingdom and their main, recently described, biological activities. Moreover, the most significant works, published between 1964 and November 2006, which describe the total synthesis or structural transformations of some kaurane diterpenes, including either semisynthetic and/or microbiological methodologies, are consisely reviewed. At this point, some general considerations on glycosides are introduced, and kaurane glycosides are presented and discussed on the basis of their toxic importance and occurrence in the plant kingdom, having focused on related aspects of their biological activities and the relationships between these activities and the structural factors of their molecules. Finally, the principal methods of glycosidation by enzymatic and chemical processes are both presented, and a few papers on the synthesis of kaurane glycosides are succinctly discussed.