BiFeO3纳米粉的制备、结构表征及铁磁特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功地制备出BiFeO₃纳米粉,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）测量分析了其结构与形貌,结果发现：胶体经700℃烧结2—25 h后,形成了30 nm左右的较纯相BiFeO₃粉末,该样品为六角晶系,R3-m［166］空间群,晶胞参数为a=b=05580 nm,c=06939 nm,其（101）面晶面间距为0396 nm左右,（ 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶法 3纳米粉')" href="#">BiFeO₃纳米粉 结构表征 铁磁特性     

单相Bi0.9Ba0.1Fe0.85Mn0.15O3陶瓷中的多铁性

溶胶-凝胶法制备了Bi_0.9Ba_0.1Fe_0.85Mn_0.15O₃陶瓷样品,XRD分析显示其为单相菱方钙钛矿结构,明显的磁滞回线和电滞回线说明其在室温具有弱铁磁性和铁电性,介电常数随外磁场的变化显示双掺样品具有更大的磁容效应. 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶法 多铁材料 磁容效应     

Pr0.7(Sr1-xCax)0.3MnO3多晶体系中的小极化子性质

采用基于柠檬酸体系的溶胶-凝胶法制备了Pr_0.7（Sr_1-xCa_x）_0.3MnO₃系列的多晶块材, 同时还用脉冲激光沉积技术（PLD）在SrTiO₃（100）衬底上外延生长了同一系列的薄膜, 系统研究了它们的晶格结构和电输运行为. 多晶和薄膜样品都具有正交晶格结构, 电输运行为在居里温度T_Ｃ以上的高温顺磁相都很好 关键词： 0.7（Sr_1-xCa_x）_0.3MnO₃')" href="#">Pr_0.7（Sr_1-xCa_x）_0.3MnO₃ 绝热小极化子模型 双交换作用 Jahn-Teller晶格畸变     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Li1.0Nb0.6Ti0.5O3:Eu3+红色荧光粉

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Li_1.0Nb_0.6Ti_0.5O₃：Eu³⁺红色荧光粉,讨论了煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及Eu³⁺掺杂浓度对样品发光性能的影响。通过XRD、荧光光谱分别对样品的性能进行表征,结果表明：样品的晶相结构为"M-相（M-phase）"。在466 nm蓝光激发下,合成的荧光粉具有橙光（593 nm）和红光（612 nm）发射。发光强度随着煅烧温度的升高先增大后减小,最佳的煅烧温度为850℃。同时,随着煅烧时间的增加,发光强度先增大后减小,最佳煅烧时间为6 h。当Eu₂O₃掺入质量分数为2.5%时,样品的发光强度达到最大。Li_1.0Nb_0.6-Ti_0.5O₃：Eu³⁺红色荧光粉在白光LED的应用中具有潜力。     

钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO3的制备、结构表征及铁磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO₃粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析研究了其微观结构及形貌,结果表明：胶体试样经800℃退火处理后,形成了20nm左右的钙钛矿型BaFeO₃粉末,其(110)面晶面间距为0.280nm左右,(100)面晶面间距为0.401nm左右.利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了纳米BaFeO₃粉末的室温铁磁性能,测量结果表明：在室温条件下,纳米BaFeO关键词： 溶胶-凝胶法 3')" href="#">钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO₃ 铁磁性 氧空位     

Cu掺杂La0.67Sr0.33CuxMn1-xO3薄膜的光诱导效应研究

分别采用溶胶-凝胶和射频磁控溅射的方法制备了La_0.67Sr_0.33Cu_xMn_1-xO₃（x=0.05, 0.10和0.15）系列块材和薄膜,研究了Cu部分替代对薄膜光诱导特性的影响.实验结果表明随着Cu掺杂量的增加,薄膜的金属-绝缘转变温度向低温方向移动,且导电性降低.在金属相激光作用诱导电阻增大.光致电阻相对变化极大值随着Cu含量的增加而增大,当 关键词： 锰氧化物 光诱导 Cu掺杂 晶格效应     

Cu掺杂纳米TiO2光催化还原CO2实验研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺杂量的CuO-TiO₂纳米粉体,采用热重差热分析仪（TG-DTA）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,场发射扫描电镜（FSEM-EDX）等手段对其进行表征;在波长为253.7nm的紫外灯照射下,进行CO₂光催化还原实验研究,探究CO₂光催化资源化利用可行性,。结果表明,溶胶凝胶法制备所得CuO掺杂TiO₂纳米粉体,粒径大小在20～30 nm之间;CO₂光催化还原主要产物为甲醇,掺杂量为5%（质量分数）CnO-TiO₂纳米粉体催化效果最好,反应10 h后得到甲醇产量为27mg·（g-cata）^-1;随着反应时间的增加,产物中甲醇含量也逐渐增加。     

Y3+和Gd3+对LaBO3:Eu3+发光粉结构和发光性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶-燃烧法合成了系列不同掺杂浓度Y³⁺和Gd³⁺的LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺发光粉,对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。XRD研究结果表明：发光粉的结构与基质掺杂离子的种类和掺杂浓度有关系。荧光光谱结果表明：适量比例Y³⁺和Gd³⁺离子掺杂将提高LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺发光粉的发光强度。Y³⁺和Gd³⁺离子最佳掺杂摩尔分数分别为1.5%和12.5%。⁵D₀→⁷F₂与⁵D₀→⁷F₁跃迁发射的相对强度比值说明：掺杂改变LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺中Eu³⁺局域环境的对称性。发光性能改变主要受晶体结构、掺杂离子电负性影响。Gd³⁺离子掺杂更有利于发光粉结构稳定性和发光性能的改善。     

晶粒尺寸对Bi0.2Ca0.8MnO3电荷有序的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了平均晶粒尺寸在38—1500 nm的系列Bi_0.2Ca_0.8MnO₃多晶样品,研究了它们的结构、电输运性质和磁性.研究结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,电荷有序逐渐消失、最后被完全压制,导致低温下出现自旋玻璃态.利用马氏体相变图像和表面效应解释了相关现象. 关键词： 钙钛矿锰氧化物 电荷有序 马氏体相变 自旋玻璃     

Li含量对Li3xLa((2/3)–x?(1/3)–2x)TiO3固态电解质表面稳定性、电子结构及Li离子输运性质的影响

Li_3xLa₍(2/3)–x^?(1/3)–2x)TiO₃(LLTO)是一类颇具前景的锂离子电池固态电解质.本文采用第一性原理结合分子动力学方法对贫锂相和富锂相两种类型的LLTO表面进行研究,分析表面Li含量对其稳定性、电子结构及Li离子输运性质的影响.结果表明,具有La/O/Li-原子终端的(001)面为最稳定晶面.对于LLTO(001)面,当贫锂相/富锂相终端Li含量为0.17/0.33,0.29/0.40,0.38/0.45时,其表面结构更为稳定.电子结构分析表明,随着Li含量的增大,不论是贫锂相还是富锂相,其(001)表面均发现金属至半导体的转变.Li离子输运性质的研究结果表明,贫锂相和富锂相LLTO(001)表面均具有沿ab平面的二维扩散通道,且当终端Li含量分别达到0.38和0.40时具有最大的Li离子扩散系数及最低的Li离子扩散能垒,最低扩散能垒分别为0.42 eV和0.30 eV.因而,改变终端Li含量有利于提高LLTO(001)表面稳定性、打开表面带隙、改善Li离子迁移性能,这有助于...     

Study of the temperature dependent transport properties in nanocrystalline lithium lanthanum titanate for lithium ion batteries

The nano-crystalline Li_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ (LLTO) was prepared as an electrolyte material for lithium-ion batteries by the sol–gel method. The prepared LLTO material is characterized by structural, morphological and electrical characterizations. The LLTO shows the cubic perovskite structure with superlattice formation. The uniform distribution of LLTO particles has been analyzed by the SEM and TEM analysis of the sample. Impedance measurements at various temperatures were carried out and the temperature dependent conductivity of as prepared LLTO nanopowders at different temperatures from room temperature to 448 K has been analyzed. The transport mechanism has been analyzed using the dielectric and modulus analysis of the sample. Maximum grain conductivity of the order of 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ has been obtained for the sample at higher temperatures.     

Calculation of 7Li MAS NMR chemical shift in La4/3−yLi3yTi2O6

The chemical shifts of ⁷Li MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in La_4/3−yLi_3yTi₂O₆ (LLTO) showed negative values and decreased with increasing lithium concentration. The chemical shifts were interpreted by Pople’s theory in which the ⁷Li chemical shifts were due to the local paramagnetic currents of the closest oxygen ions. Lattice parameters and coordination of oxygen were obtained by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data. The gross population and electron excitation energy were calculated by DV-Xα method.     

The effect of dispersed SrTiO3 particles on the ionic conduction of (La,Li)Ti2O6

Ionic conductivity of La_4/3 ? y Li_3yTi₂O₆ (LLTO), where y value is 0.21, dispersed by various amount of strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) was measured by complex impedance method, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were carried out. With increasing SrTiO₃ concentration, the conductivity decreased. At 34 mol%, the Bragg peaks at 11, 26 and 35° in LLTO disappeared in XRD patterns and small non-angulated crystals were shown in SEM. The behavior of ionic conductivity was discussed by using the effective medium approximation (EMA) theory.     

水热制备中国紫BaCuSi2O6的条件探索及各条件产物分析研究

中国紫BaCuSi₂O₆是中国古代人工颜料硅酸铜钡的一种，是中国古代科技史中独树一帜的文明成果，代表了当时中国的科技水平和科技成就。水热合成法通过高温高压的水蒸气使那些在大气条件下不溶或难溶的物质溶解，并且重结晶来进行无机合成与材料处理，是近年来比较新兴的方法。参考前人研究，采用水热合成法，选择BaCl₂·2H₂O，CuO，Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O为原料，按照目标产物化学计量比称取，调控溶液pH、合成温度和保温时间等影响因素，制备出高纯度的中国紫。产物的物相与纯度使用XRD表征。实验结果表明，当10≤pH≤12时可生成纯度较高的中国紫，160 ℃时生成的中国紫纯度较180 ℃更高，且随着水热时间的延长，中国紫的纯度提高。考虑到绿色安全、能耗低、操作简便等因素，最终得出水热制备中国紫的最佳制备条件是pH 12，温度为160 ℃，保温时间48 h。中间产物BaSi₂O₅和Ba₄Si₆O₁₆的发现，表明在硅酸铜钡晶体的生长过程中Ba与Si先与O以不同形式结合，Cu最后参与构筑硅酸铜钡晶体。该工作提供了一种新方法用于合成纯净中国紫，可用来做文物保护修复材料；同时在中国紫的合成机理研究方面提供依据和线索，对中国古代科技史研究具有促进作用。     

Dynamical properties and electronic structure of (LaLi)TiO3 conductors

A computer simulation by a molecular dynamics method is performed to study the properties of structure and Li ion diffusion in La_4/3???x Li (LaLi)TiO₃ ;LLTO;Li ion conductors;Superionic conductors;Perovskite;Off-site;Electronic structureA computer simulation by a molecular dynamics method is performed to study the properties of structure and Li ion diffusion in La_{4/3 − x} Li Ti₂O₆ =(LaLi)TiO₃ =LLTO, which is the perovskite-type Li ion conductor. In the low Li concentration, Li ions conduct a two-dimensional motion, while Li ions diffuse a three-dimensional motion in the high Li ion concentration. The partial distribution function for Li–Ti and the diffusion paths of Li ions suggest that Li ions stay for a long time at off-site positions, which are 2.7? away from a body-centered Ti ion. The Li ion concentration dependence to the conductivity σ is in approximate agreement with experiments. The energy band dispersion and the density of states are calculated using the linear-muffin-tin-orbital method. The energy contour map shows the stable position of Li ions is off center of the vacant La sites. Both calculations suggest that the stable position of Li ions is off center of the vacant La sites. Paper presented at the 11th EuroConference on the Science and Technology of Ionics, Batz-sur-Mer, Sept. 9–15, 2007.     

Structure and lithium ionic conduction of B-site Al-ion substitution in La4/3-yLi3yTi2O6

The Al-substitution effect was studied in solid solutions La_4/3-yLi_3y□_2/3-2yTi₂O₆ (LLTO). The ionic conductivity strongly depended on the Al concentration. The crystal structure, lattice parameters, ions occupation and bottleneck size were obtained by Rietveld analysis. Finally, the ionic conduction mechanism was discussed from the viewpoint of crystallographic factors.     

Synthesis of NaP zeolite at room temperature and short crystallization time by sonochemical method

NaP zeolite nano crystals were synthesized by sonochemical method at room temperature with crystallization time of 3 h. For comparison, to insure the effect of sonochemical method, the hydrothermal method at conventional synthesis condition, with same initial sol composition was studied. NaP zeolites are directly formed by ultrasonic treatment without the application of autogenous pressure and also hydrothermal treatment. The effect of ultrasonic energy and irradiation time showed that with increasing sonication energy, the crystallinity of the powders decreased but phase purity remain unchanged. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, IR, DTA TGA, FESEM, and TEM analysis. FESEM images revealed that 50 nm zeolite crystals were formed at room temperature by using sonochemical method. However, agglomerated particles having cactus/cabbage like structure was obtained by sonochemical method followed by hydrothermal treatment. In sonochemical process, formation of cavitation and the collapsing of bubbles produced huge energy which is sufficient for crystallization of zeolite compared to that supplied by hydrothermal process for conventional synthesis. With increasing irradiation energy and time, the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite samples increased slightly.     

不同pH调节剂对燃烧法制备纳米LaMnO3的影响

采用TG/DSC、XRD和SEM系统考察了K2CO3、NaOH、KOH和氨水等不同pH调节剂调节前驱物溶液pH值,对燃烧法制备的纳米LaMnO3粉体的晶相组成和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:不同的pH调节剂和前驱物溶液pH值对燃烧产物的晶相组成、晶粒大小和微观形貌都有显著的影响.其中以KOH作pH调节剂,pH=13的碱性环...     

空心Fe_3O_4纳米微球的制备及超顺磁性

采用水热控制合成法,以六水三氯化铁、柠檬酸三钠和尿素为原料,聚丙烯酰胺为稳定剂, 200?C下反应12 h制备得到了超顺磁性空心Fe_3O_4纳米微球.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并采用振动样品磁强计测试了样品的磁性能.结果表明:所得样品为具有尖晶石结构的Fe_3O_4纳米微球,尺寸为160 nm左右,呈分等级结构,即整个微球由粒径约18 nm的初级晶粒自组装堆叠而成;室温下表现为典型的超顺磁性,且饱和磁化强度为73.3 emu/g (1 emu/g=1 A·m~2/kg),这种高饱和磁化强度可以由其初级晶粒晶化程度高且粒径较大以及这种特殊的二次自组装结构进行解释.这种Fe_3O_4纳米微球为疏松多孔的空心球状结构,具有粒径分布均匀、分散性良好和超顺磁性的特点,在药物靶向输运和肿瘤热疗中有潜在的应用.     

一维纳米材料SmPO4·0.5H2O的制备及光学性质

以氧化钐和H₃PO₄为原材料,在无模板剂的情况下,用水热法通过调控pH、时间和温度制备了SmPO₄·0.5H₂O一维纳米材料,并提出其可能形成机理。用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM,HRTEM和SAED）、红外光谱（IR）和能谱（EDS）对产物的物相结构、微观形貌和组成进行了表征。用紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了产物的光学性质。研究结果表明,实验所制备的产物全部是六方晶系结构,形貌都为一维纳米线。反应体系的pH值、温度和时间的改变对纳米线的长径比有影响,但对其相结构基本都没有影响。分析得到最佳水热制备条件为pH=5、温度和时间分别为130℃和8 h,产物的结晶性、分散性和均匀性都达到最好。光学性质研究表明,该类产物在300~350 nm的紫外区域有吸收宽峰,是属于基质O^2-→P⁵⁺、Sm³⁺的电荷迁移。在350~450 nm处的可见光区域内也有一组吸收峰,是属于Sm³⁺的4f内层电子间的f-f跃迁吸收。依据该类吸收峰,得到禁带宽度在4.67~5.50 eV之间。pH值和温度对产物光学性能均有影响。