Quantum mechanics and quasiclassical study of the H/D+FO → OH/OD+F,HF/DF+O reactions: Chemical stereodynamics

The time‐dependent quantum wave packet and the quasi‐classical trajectory (QCT) calculations for the title reactions are carried out using three recent‐developed accurate potential energy surfaces of the 1¹A′, 1³A′, and 1³A″ states. The two commonly used polarization‐dependent differential cross sections, dσ₀₀/dω_t, dσ₂₀/dω_t, with ω_t being the polar coordinates of the product velocity ω′, and the three angular distributions, P(θ_r), P(Φ_r), and P(θ_r,Φ_r), with θ_r, Φ_r being the polar angles of the product angular momentum, are generated in the center‐of‐mass frame using the QCT method to gain insight into the alignment and the orientation of the product molecules. Influences of the potential energy surface, the collision energy, and the isotope mass on the stereodynamics are shown and discussed. Validity of the QCT calculation has been examined and proved in the comparison with the quantum wave packet calculation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

Exploring the reaction dynamics of O(3P)+ (X2 )→OH+(X3Σ−)+ H(2S) reaction with time‐dependent wave packet method

The O(³P)+ reaction has been investigated by employing time‐dependent quantum wave packet with split operator method on potential energy surface of the doublet ground‐state H₂O⁺(1²A″). The reaction probabilities and integral cross sections are calculated using centrifugal sudden approximation, which basically agree with the quasi‐classical results of Paniagua et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 23594]. Moreover, the effect of vibrational and rotational excitation of reactant is investigated. The results show that the vibrational and rotational excitation effects on the integral cross section are not obvious. The little differences between Coriolis coupling results and centrifugal sudden approximation ones show that the cheaper centrifugal sudden calculations here reported are effective for this reaction.     

Quasiclassical trajectory study of the reaction NH(X~3∑~-)+H→N(~4S)+H_2

The dynamics of the NH + H→N+H2 reaction has been investigated by means of the 3D quasiclassical trajectory approach by using the LEPS potential energy surface.The calculated rate coefficient is in good agreement with the experimental value.The reaction was found to occur via a direct channel.The product H2 has a cold excitation of rotational state,but has a reverse distribution of the vibrational state with a peak at v=1.Based on the potential energy surface and the trajectory analysis,the reaction mechanism has been explained successfully.     

Quantum dynamics study of the K+HF(v=0-2,j=0)-->KF+H reaction and comparison with quasiclassical trajectory results

Extensive quantum real wave packet calculations within the helicity decoupling approximation are used to analyze the influence of the HF vibrational excitation on the K+HF(v=0-2,j=0)-->KF+H reaction. Quantum reaction probabilities P and reaction cross sections sigma are compared with corresponding quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) results. Disregarding threshold regions for v=0 and 1 (v=2 has no threshold), both approaches lead to remarkably similar results, particularly for sigma, validating the use of the QCT method for this system. When moving from v=0 to v=1 there is a large increase in P and sigma, as expected for a late barrier system. For v=2 the reaction becomes exoergic and P approximately 0.95 (with the exception of large total angular momenta where centrifugal barriers play a role). While substantial vibrational enhancement of the reactivity is thus seen, it is still quite less than that inferred from experimental data in the intermediate and high collision energy ranges. The origin of this discrepancy is unclear.     

Quantum reaction dynamics of C(1D) + HD → CH(CD) + D(H) on the ground state potential energy surface

We present accurate quantum dynamic calculations of the reaction C(¹D) + HD on the latest version of the potential energy surface [Zhang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 234301 (2014)]. Using a Chebyshev real wave packet method with full Coriolis coupling, we obtain the initial state‐specified ( ) reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and rate constants. The resulting probabilities display oscillatory structures due to numerous long‐lived resonances supported by the deep potential well. The calculated rate constants and CD/CH product branching ratio at room temperature are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental measurements.     

Global X2A′ potential energy surface of Li2H and quantum dynamics of H + Li2 (X1Σg+) → Li + LiH (X1Σ+) reaction

A global potential energy surface (PES) for the electronic ground state of Li₂H system is constructed over a large configuration space. About 30 000 ab initio energy points have been calculated by MRCI‐F12 method with aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set. The neural network method is applied to fit the PES and the root mean square error of the current PES is only 1.296 meV. The reaction dynamics of the title reaction has been carried out by employing time‐dependent wave packet approach with second order split operator on the new PES. The reaction probability, integral cross section and thermal rate constant are obtained from the dynamics calculation. In most of the collision energy regions, the integral cross sections are in well agreement with the results reported by Gao et al. The rate constant calculated from the new PES increases in the temperature range of present investigation.     

Quantum wave packet calculation of reaction probabilities,cross sections,and rate constants for H+ + LiH → Li + H reaction

The H⁺ + LiH → Li + H reactive scattering has been studied using a quantum real wave packet method. The state‐to‐state and state‐to‐all reaction probabilities for the entitled collision have been calculated at zero total angular momentum. The probabilities for J > 0 are estimated from the J = 0 results by using J‐shifting approximation based on the Capture model. The integral cross sections and thermal rate constants are then calculated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

The validities of centrifugal sudden approximations in chemical reaction dynamics

In this review article, we discuss and analyze the validities of centrifugal sudden (CS) approximations in chemical reactions, with emphasis on the recent progress in the comparison studies of close‐coupling and CS approximations in chemical dynamics both adiabatically and nonadiabatically. All these relevant studies are performed using the time‐dependent wave packet approach, focusing on several typical and benchmark chemical reactions, for example, the triatomic adiabatic ion–molecule reactions of Ne + , He + HeH⁺, O⁺ + H₂, O⁺ + D₂, and O⁺ + HD, the triatomic nonadiabatic reactions of N + NH and O + N₂, and the tetraatomic and polyatomic adiabatic reactions of H₂ + D₂ and H + CHD₃. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Quantum wave packet study of N(2D) + H2 reactive scattering

N(²D) + H₂ → NH + H reaction at zero total angular momentum is studied by using a time dependent quantum wave packet method. State‐to‐state and state‐to‐all reactive scattering probabilities for a broad range of energy are calculated. The probabilities show many sharp peaks that ascribed to reactive scattering resonances. The probabilities for J > 0 are estimated by using the J‐shifting method. The integral cross sections and thermal rate constants are then calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

Real wave packet and flux analysis studies of the H + F2 → HF + F reaction

The H + F₂ → HF + F reaction on ground state potential energy surface is investigated using the quantum mechanical real wave packet and Flux analysis method based on centrifugal sudden approximation. The initial state selected reaction probabilities for total angular momentum J = 0 have been calculated by both methods while the probabilities for J > 0 have been calculated by Flux analysis method. The initial state selected reaction probabilities, integral cross sections and rate coefficients have been calculated for a broad range of collision energy. The results show a large rotational enhancement of the reaction probability. Some resonances were seen in the state‐to‐state reaction probabilities while state‐to‐all reaction probabilities and the reaction cross section do not manifest any oscillations and the initial state selected reaction rate constants are sensitive to the temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

Molecular beam scattering studies of the reaction D + H2 (v = 0) and D + H2 (v = 1) → HD + H

The reaction D + H₂ → HD + H has been investigated in two molecular beam scattering experiments. Angular and time-of-flight distributions have been measured for the initial vibrational ground state (v = 0) at a most probable collision energy of E_cm = 1.5 eV and for the first vibrational excited state (v = 1) at E_cm = 0.28 eV with the same apparatus. Results for the ground-state experiment are compared with quasiclassical trajectory calculations(QCT) on the LSTH-hypersurface transformed into the laboratory system and averaged over the apparatus distributions. The agreement isquite satisfactory. At this high collision energy the HD products are no longer scattered in a backward direction but in a wide angular region concentrated about θ = 90° in the center-of-mass system. The absolute reactive cross section has been determined and the agreement with the theoretical value from QCT calculations is within the experimental error. The high sensitivity of the experiment to different properties of the doubly differential cross section has also been demonstrated. A preliminary evaluation of the experiment with initial vibrational excitation (v = 1) shows that the HD-product molecules are preferably backward scattered and the change of internal energy is small supporting the concept of a reaction which is adiabatic with respect to the internal degrees of freedom.     

The polarization dependent differential cross sections of the reactions:H+LiH~+(v=0,j=0)→H_2+Li~+ and H~++ LiH(v=0,j=0)→H_2~++Li

<正>Quasi-classical trajectory(QCT) calculations have been carried out to study the generalized polarization dependent differentialcross sections(PDDCSs) for the reactions H + LiH~+(v = 0,j = 0)→H_2 + Li~+ and H~+ + LiH(v = 0,j = 0)→H_2~+ + Li occurring onthe two lowest-lying electronic states of the LiH_2~+ system,using the ab initio potential energy surfaces(PESs) of Martinazzo et al.[3].Four PDDCSs,i.e.,(2π/σ)(dσ_(00)/dω_t),(2π/σ)(dσ_(20)/dω_t),(2π/σ)(dσ_(22+)/dω_t),(2π/σ)(dσ_(21-)/dω_t) have been discussed in detail.     

A global potential energy surface and time‐dependent quantum wave packet calculation of Au + H2 reaction

A global potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to the ground state of AuH₂ system has been constructed based on 22 853 ab initio energies calculated by the multireference configuration interaction method with a Davidson correction. The neural network method is used to fit the PES, and the root mean square error is only 1.87 meV. The topographical features of the novel global PES are compared with previous PES which is constructed by Zanchet et al. (Zanchet PES). The global minimum energy reaction paths on the two PESs both have a well and a barrier. Relative to the Au + H₂ reactants, the energy of well is 0.316 eV on the new PES, which is 0.421 eV deeper than Zanchet PES. The calculation of Au(²S) + H₂(X¹Σ_g⁺) → AuH(X¹Σ⁺) + H(²S) dynamical reaction is carried out on new PES, by the time‐dependent quantum wave packet method (TDWP) with second order split operator. The reaction probabilities, integral cross‐sections (ICSs) and differential cross‐sections are obtained from the dynamics calculation. The threshold in the reaction is about 1.46 eV, which is 0.07 eV smaller than Zanchet PES due to the different endothermic energies on the two PESs. At low collision energy (<2.3 eV), the total ICS is larger than the result obtained on Zanchet PES, which can be attributed to the difference of the wells and endothermic energies.     

Time dependent wave packet treatment of 2ΠgN2− and 3Σ−NO− shape resonances using two‐dimensional surfaces for electron‐N2 and NO interactions

The ²Π_gN and ³Σ^?NO^? resonances in electron‐N₂ and NO collisions have been treated using both nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom and a two‐dimensional (2D) time dependent wave packet approach to ascertain the importance of nonlocality in electron–nuclear interaction. The results so obtained are compared with vibrational excitation cross‐sections obtained experimentally and those from other theoretical/numerical approaches using 1D local complex potential, 2D model with a combination of the exterior complex scaling method and a finite‐element implementation of the discrete‐variable representation. The results obtained provide detailed insight into the nuclear dynamics induced by electron–molecule collision and reveal that while for resonant excitation of lower vibrational modes, the nonlocal effect may not be as critical but importance of nonlocal effects may increase with increase in quanta of resonant vibrational excitation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A time-dependent wave packet quantum scattering study of the reaction HD+ (v = 0 - 3;j0 = 1) + He --> HeH+(HeD+) + D(H)

Time-dependent wave packet quantum scattering (TWQS) calculations are presented for HD(+) (v = 0 - 3;j(0)=1) + He collisions in the center-of-mass collision energy (E(T)) range of 0.0-2.0 eV. The present TWQS approach accounts for Coriolis coupling and uses the ab initio potential energy surface of Palmieri et al. [Mol. Phys. 98, 1839 (2000)]. For a fixed total angular momentum J, the energy dependence of reaction probabilities exhibits quantum resonance structure. The resonances are more pronounced for low J values and for the HeH(+) + D channel than for the HeD(+) + H channel and are particularly prominent near threshold. The quantum effects are no longer discernable in the integral cross sections, which compare closely to quasiclassical trajectory calculations conducted on the same potential energy surface. The integral cross sections also compare well to recent state-selected experimental values over the same reactant and translational energy range. Classical impulsive dynamics and steric arguments can account for the significant isotope effect in favor of the deuteron transfer channel observed for HD(+)(v<3) and low translational energies. At higher reactant energies, angular momentum constraints favor the proton-transfer channel, and isotopic differences in the integral cross sections are no longer significant. The integral cross sections as well as the J dependence of partial cross sections exhibit a significant alignment effect in favor of collisions with the HD(+) rotational angular momentum vector perpendicular to the Jacobi R coordinate. This effect is most pronounced for the proton-transfer channel at low vibrational and translational energies.     

Exact quantum dynamics study of the O(+)+H2(v=0,j=0)-->OH(+)+H ion-molecule reaction and comparison with quasiclassical trajectory calculations

The close-coupling hyperspherical (CCH) exact quantum method was used to study the title barrierless reaction up to a collision energy (E(T)) of 0.75 eV, and the results compared with quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations to determine the importance of quantum effects. The CCH integral cross section decreased with E(T) and, although the QCT results were in general quite similar to the CCH ones, they presented a significant deviation from the CCH data within the 0.2-0.6 eV collision energy range, where the QCT method did not correctly describe the reaction probability. A very good accord between both methods was obtained for the OH(+) vibrational distribution, where no inversion of population was found. For the OH(+) rotational distributions, the agreement between the CCH and QCT results was not as good as in the vibrational case, but it was satisfactory in many conditions. The kk(') angular distribution showed a preferential forward character, and the CCH method produced higher forward peaks than the QCT one. All the results were interpreted considering the potential energy surface and plots of a representative sampling of reactive trajectories.     

Wave packet and quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the N(D) + H2 reaction and its isotopic variants

The N(²D) + H₂(v = 0, j = 0) reaction and its HD and D₂ isotopic variants have been studied by means of quantum mechanical real wave packet and wave packet with split operator and quasiclassical trajectory methodologies on the potential energy surface of Ho et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 6]. Total initial state-selected and final state-resolved reaction probabilities and product rotational distributions have been calculated for total angular momentum J = 0 in a broad range of collision energies. The real wave packet results are in very good agreement with the corresponding split operator wave packet calculations. A reasonable overall good agreement has been found between the wave packet and quasiclassical trajectory results. Integral cross-sections and thermal rate constants have been calculated from the wave packet reaction probabilities by means of standard J-shifting, refined J-shifting and uniform J-shifting methods in combination with the centrifugal sudden approximation for J > 0. Comparisons with available exact wave packet, quasiclassical trajectory and experimental results are made and discussed.     

Experimental measurement of the rate of the reaction o(3P) + H2(v = 0) → OH(v = 0) + H at T = 298 K

Measurement of the rate of the reaction is reported. The measurements were made in a flow tube apparatus. The result is based on data for the absolute density of OH(v = 0) obtained from laser-induced fluorescence measurements in the (0–0) band of the OH(A²Σ⁺ → X²II) system. The density of oxygen atoms was varied by changing the flow rate of NO which is consumed in the reaction N + NO → O + N₂. We find that k₁ (298 K) = (5.5 ± 3.0) × 10⁶ cm³/mol sec. This result was obtained with consideration and control of the effect of reaction (2): for which vibrationally excited hydrogen is created by energy transfer in the presence of active nitrogen. It was found that the addition of N₂ or CO₂ effectively suppressed the excitation of H₂(v = 1). Measurements of the density of H₂(v = 1) were made by VUV absorption in the Lyman band system of H₂. All of the reports of low-temperature measurements and some recent theoretical calculations for k₁ are discussed. The present result confirms and extends the growingevidence for significant curvature in the low-temperature end of a modified Arrhenius plot of k₁ (T).