CAD-45大孔吸附树脂提取分离麦迪霉素的研究

用国产非离子型大孔网状树脂CAD—45吸附提取麦迪霉素，取代了传统的溶媒萃取法．试验确定了提取工艺条件：吸附最佳pH为8.3～8．5，流速为1／6ml／min；解吸前先用1％氨水1：1（V/V）洗柱；最佳解吸剂为醋酸丁酯，流速为1／12ml／min。收率可达84．8％。     

Cation‐Triggered Switchable Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Aza‐CrownPhos

An aza‐crown ether, modified phosphoramidite ligand, has been designed and synthesized. The ON/OFF reversible switch of catalytic activity for its rhodium catalyst was thoroughly investigated in the asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid esters modulated by host–guest interactions. In the OFF state, the catalyst is almost inactive (less than 1 % conversion) because of the formation of an intermolecular sandwich complex by two aza‐crown ether moities and the cationic rhodium metal center. In using alkali‐metal‐cations as the trigger, the catalytic activity was turned ON and consequently resulted in full conversions and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee).     

聚苯乙烯—吡啶树脂的合成及催化水解反应

在氢氧化钠作用下，氯甲基化聚苯乙烯与吡啶反应制成聚苯乙烯－吡啶树脂，测定了其化学组成和红外光谱，并考察了在酯水解反应中的催化活性。     

Kinetics of Adsorption of Thymopentin on a Gel-Type Strong Cation-Exchange Resin

The ion-exchange kinetics have been determined for adsorption of thymopentin on a gel-type sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene resin converted to the ammonium form. Batch equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed in chloride ion solutions of different concentration. Equilibrium data revealed isotherms were a good fit to the constant separation factor isotherm. Because of the high capacity and low cost of the resin its use for uptake of thymopentin was economically feasible. Kinetic data were compared with the predictions from the Nernst–Planck and Fick models. The intraparticle and effective diffusivity of thymopentin were obtained from these models.     

阳离子交换树脂分离-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定盐湖卤水中偏硅酸含量

由于盐湖卤水中盐分浓度不同且盐度较高,采用常规分析方法很难准确测定。本方法采用将盐湖卤水稀释5倍,加入6g阳离子交换树脂,静态交换1.5h,除去卤水中的大量阳离子后,选择Si 251.611nm为分析谱线,以Y371.030nm谱线作为内标进行信号漂移校正,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定卤水中偏硅酸的含量。在最佳实验条件下进行测试,该校准曲线的线性范围为0.50～200.00mg/L,所得回归方程的线性关系良好(γ≥0.9994)。本方法检出限为0.16mg/L,结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为1.79%~4.64%,加标回收率为96.3%~101.7%。同时采用紫外-可见分光光度法对偏硅酸含量进行仪器比对,两种测试结果不存在显著性差异,表明该方法具有良好的准确度。通过此方法,可以快速准确测定盐湖卤水中偏硅酸的含量,为提高盐湖资源的综合利用提供了可靠的数据支撑     

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human urine and plasma with a reversed‐phase/cation‐exchange mixed‐mode sorbent

Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles that featured divinylbenzene and sulfonate functionalities were used for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of five angiotensin II receptor antagonists from human urine and plasma samples based on a reversed‐phase and cation‐exchange mixed‐mode mechanism. Under the optimized extraction conditions, coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, this proposed method was found to be accurate and precise with relative standard deviations of less than 11.7%, and a good recovery of 80.1–119.5% for both samples. The linear ranges were 0.2–2000 and 0.2–2500 ng/mL along with correlation coefficients above 0.9923 and 0.9928 for urine and plasma samples, respectively. Limits of detection were 0.01–5.74 and 0.01–1.31 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on the magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with divinylbenzene and sulfonate was a reliable and convenient sample pretreatment method and had the potential for isolating and enriching the angiotensin II receptor antagonists in biological samples.     

阳离子交换树脂富集-流动注射-冷原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量汞

提出了用阳离子交换树脂富集环境水样中痕量汞,用流动注射-冷原子荧光光谱法测定其中汞的含量。对阳离子交换柱的制备、富集时间、介质及洗脱剂的酸度等分析条件做了试验并予以优化。汞的质量浓度在40 ng.L-1以内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.13 ng.L-1。应用此法对环境水样进行分析,并以此样品为基体作回收试验,测得汞的回收率在72.5%~101.3%之间。     

Cation‐enhanced capillary electrophoresis separation of atropoisomer anions

CE was used to study the separation of the atropoisomers of four phosphoric acids and two sulfonic acids and the enantiomers of two phosphoric acids. All solutes are in their anionic forms in aqueous electrolytes. The chiral additives were two hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins (CDs) and cyclofructan 6 (CF6). The CDs were able to separate four solutes and the CF6 additive could separate only one: 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogenphosphate (BHP). Since CF6 is able to bind with cations, nitrate of alkaline metals, Ba²⁺, and Pb²⁺ were added, greatly improving the BHP separation at the expense of longer migration times. There seems to be a link between CF6–cation‐binding constants and BHP resolution factors. Cation additions were also performed with CD selectors that are less prone to form complexes with cations. Significant improvements of enantiomer or atropoisomer separations were observed also associated with longer migration times. It is speculated that the anionic solutes associate with the added cations forming larger entities better differentiated by CDs.     

Enhanced‐fluidity liquid chromatography using mixed‐mode hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/strong cation‐exchange retention mechanisms

The potential of enhanced‐fluidity liquid chromatography, a subcritical chromatography technique, in mixed‐mode hydrophilic interaction/strong cation‐exchange separations is explored, using amino acids as analytes. The enhanced‐fluidity liquid mobile phases were prepared by adding liquefied CO₂ to methanol/water mixtures, which increases the diffusivity and decreases the viscosity of the mixture. The addition of CO₂ to methanol/water mixtures resulted in increased retention of the more polar amino acids. The “optimized” chromatographic performance (achieving baseline resolution of all amino acids in the shortest amount of time) of these methanol/water/CO₂ mixtures was compared to traditional acetonitrile/water and methanol/water liquid chromatography mobile phases. Methanol/water/CO₂ mixtures offered higher efficiencies and resolution of the ten amino acids relative to the methanol/water mobile phase, and decreased the required isocratic separation time by a factor of two relative to the acetonitrile/water mobile phase. Large differences in selectivity were also observed between the enhanced‐fluidity and traditional liquid mobile phases. A retention mechanism study was completed, that revealed the enhanced‐fluidity mobile phase separation was governed by a mixed‐mode retention mechanism of hydrophilic interaction/strong cation‐exchange. On the other hand, separations with acetonitrile/water and methanol/water mobile phases were strongly governed by only one retention mechanism, either hydrophilic interaction or strong cation exchange, respectively.     

Preparation of poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐divinylbenzene) weak acid cation exchange stationary phases with succinic anhydride,phthalic anhydride,and maleic anhydride for ion chromatography

In this work, poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were prepared and applied for the preparation of weak acid cation exchange stationary phases. Succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride were selected as carboxylation reagents to prepare three weak acid cation exchangers by direct chemical derivatization reaction without solvent or catalyst. The diameters and dispersity of the microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy; the amount of accessible epoxy groups and mechanical stability were also measured. The weak acid cation exchangers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the content of carboxyl groups was measured by traditional acid base titration method. The chromatographic properties were characterized and compared by separating alkali, alkaline earth metal ions and ammonium and polar amines. The separation properties enhanced in the order of succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride modified poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐divinylbenzene) cation exchangers.     

色质联用分析葡萄酒中有机酸

用树脂将葡萄酒中有机酸吸附分离后,在不洗脱的情况下直接酯化,然后进行色质联用分析,共测出葡萄酒中19种有机酸。方法新颖、快速、简便、有效。     

Determination of aliphatic amines by cation‐exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection after solid phase extraction*

A sensitive method for the determination of underivatized aliphatic amines based on cation exchange chromatography coupled with suppressed conductivity detection scheme and solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure has been developed. A surface modified styrene divinylbenzene polymeric sorbent, based on a reversed‐phase (RP) and strong cation exchange (SCX) mixed mode was used as an active material for the SPE of amines. The conductometric capabilities of several aliphatic mono‐ and polyamines, expressed in terms of molar sensitivity (nS/μM), were determined. The LODs, obtained without the SPE treatment, ranged between 20 and 65 nM for putrescine and 2‐butylamine, respectively. The resulting calibration plots for the aliphatic amines were generally linear over about three orders of magnitude, with correlation coefficients >0.98. The LODs of amines decreased generally by one factor when SPE procedure, using BaCl₂/H₂SO₄ eluents, has been adopted. The proposed SPE procedure, seems to offer good results in terms of preconcentration, recoveries and cleanup of samples. The proposed methodology was successfully tested for the quantitative determination of some biogenic amines in beer and tuna.     

Electrochemical Overoxidation of Polyindole and Its Cation‐Permselective Behavior

Polyindole films prepared by potentiostatic growth in dichloromethane solution were subjected to overoxidation studies in aqueous media. Overoxidation at potentials greater than 1.1 V (vs. SCE) in 0.1 M KNO₃ or 0.1 M H₂SO₄ was possible. Overoxidation in 0.1 M NaOH resulted in mechanically unstable films which were not adherent to the electrode surface. The overoxidation process in 0.1 M KNO₃ involved removal of one electron per four indole monomer moieties in the polymer film. Nucleophilic attack led to introduction of carboxylate functionality and to cation permselective behavior, as tested by cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamic voltammetry of hexamminoruthenium(III) and hexacyanoferrate(III). Such films may be useful in various electrochemical sensor applications.     

聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物的X射线衍射分析

用X射线衍射法分析了聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物石墨化度和微观结构参数，结果表明聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂在1000℃以下碳化处理的样品，石墨化程度都很低，属于在中低温条件下较难石墨化处理的树脂样品；H型树脂碳化产物的晶面层有着碳化处理温度升高而依次减小，并且（002）晶面层间距减小速度快于（100）晶面；H型树脂在低温碳化处理条件下，主要是在二维平面结构上演变成石墨微晶，只有碳化处理温度较高时，平面结构的石墨微晶才相互调整，形成纵向平行有序的微晶体；树脂掺杂金属离子后，有利于树脂在碳化过程中形成的石墨微晶层片纵向有序排列；掺杂不同金属离子的树脂碳化样品，在结构参数方面都明显不同于未掺杂的H型树脂碳化样品。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定阳离子交换树脂中15种金属元素

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定阳离子交换树脂中15种金属元素含量的方法,优化了样品处理时灰化温度和ICP-AES测定条件,方法的检出限(3s)为0.2～210.0μg.L-1之间。分析了西安脉冲堆一回路系统将使用的新的和已使用的废阳离子交换树脂中15种金属元素含量,加标回收率在87.3%～102.2%范围内。利用所得结果,比较了新、废阳离子交换树脂中金属元素含量的差别,初步分析了西安脉冲堆一回路水系统中金属元素的来源。     

Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by ligand‐exchange capillary electrophoresis with zinc(II)‐L‐phenylalaninamide complex

A novel method of chiral ligand‐exchange CE was developed with L ‐amino acylamides as a chiral ligand and zinc(II) as a central ion. It has been demonstrated that these chiral complexes, such as Zn(II)‐L ‐alaninamide, Zn(II)‐L ‐prolinamide, and Zn(II)‐L ‐phenylalaninamide, are suitable for use as chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of either individual pair of or mixed dansyl amino acids. The optimal separation running buffer consisted of 5 mM ammonium acetate, 100 mM boric acid, 4 mM ZnSO₄·7 H₂O, and 8 mM L ‐amino acylamides at pH 8.2. The experiments showed that apart from the effect of the concentration of the complexes on the resolution and the migration time, the buffer pH also had a sharp influence on resolution. The employed chiral ligands exhibited different enantioselectivities and enantiomer migration orders. D ‐Amino acids migrate faster than L ‐amino acids when Zn(II)‐L ‐alaninamide and Zn(II)‐L ‐phenylalaninamide are used as chiral selectors, but it was observed that the migration order is reversed when Zn(II)‐L ‐prolinamide is used as the chiral selector. Furthermore, the amount of dansylated amino acids is found to be highly dependent on the labeling temperature.     

聚苯乙烯三乙醇胺树脂催化合成对硝基苯甲醚

:讨论了聚苯乙烯三乙醇胺树脂为相转移催化剂催化合成对硝基苯甲醚的方法 ,探讨了最佳反应条件 ,证实了催化剂的重复使用性能     

酸性离子交换树脂催化酯化改质生物油的研究

以磺酸型离子交换树脂为催化剂, 在模型反应的基础上, 探讨了该催化剂在稻壳裂解油及其轻质馏分的催化酯化改质过程中的活性和效果, 并通过气-质联用仪对酯化前后的生物油进行了成分分析. 结果表明, 酯化过程中采用的催化剂可以方便地分离和循环使用; 生物油中的有机酸顺利地转化为相应的酯类(主要为乙酸乙酯). 通过催化酯化改质后, 两种生物油的理化特性均得到了有效改善, 热值分别由16.80和12.76 MJ/kg提高到20.08和18.33 MJ/kg, 相应提高了19.5%和43.6%; 黏度分别由11.83和1.42 mm²/s, 下降到3.77和1.12 mm²/s; 水分分别为23.7%和28.4%, 流动性明显增强, 理化特性得到了明显提高. 为生物油的精制加工提供了一种有效方法.     

复合功能树脂对水体中天然有机酸的吸附

合成了胺基修饰复合功能树脂WJN-07, 研究了富里酸、单宁酸和没食子酸在树脂上的吸附行为. 与去除DOM的商品树脂XAD-7相比, 树脂WJN-07对3种天然有机酸有较高的吸附容量, 这是由于新型树脂表面具有修饰的化学官能团和丰富的微孔结构所致. 选择单宁酸作为吸附质进行吸附热力学研究, 结果表明, 树脂WJN-07对单宁酸的吸附为吸热过程, 以化学吸附为主导. 溶液中重金属离子Pb²⁺作为影响树脂吸附性能的重要因素在实验中得到证实, 其作用机理也得到合理解释.