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1.
The recently reported geometrical algorithm to search the conformational space (GASCOS) scans conformational space exhaustively using an internal coordinate tree search. Using only geometrical operations and a set of criteria for eliminating chemically unreasonable atomic arrangements, the algorithm generates starting geometries for optimizations by molecular mechanics or by molecular orbital procedures. Up until now GASCOS has been used for linear structures, but an extension to cyclic structures is reported here. 相似文献
2.
Yao‐Cheng Shi Hong‐Yang Duan 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2013,69(10):1177-1180
The title compounds, 3,5,7‐triphenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene, C23H20N2, (I), and 3,7‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,2‐diazacyclohepta‐1(7),2‐diene, C23H20N2O2, (II), constitute the first structurally characterized examples of seven‐membered heterocycles with 1,2‐diaza ring N atoms. Compound (I) crystallizes in the space group P, with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit that differ in the conformation of one of the phenyl rings, while (II) crystallizes in the space group C2/c. The C5N2 ring in each of (I) and (II) adopts a twist‐boat conformation. Compound (I) exhibits neither C—H...π interactions nor π–π stacking interactions, whereas (II) shows both intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds and a C—H...π interaction that joins the molecules into an infinite chain in the [010] direction. 相似文献
3.
Charlotte Martin Aurélien Lebrun Jean Martinez Florine Cavelier 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3103-3109
Polyprolines are attractive polymers because of their folding property into polyproline II (PPII) structure, their significance in protein/protein interactions, and their potential as new therapeutic targets. Silaproline (Sip) is an analogue of proline, which exhibits similar conformational properties. The presence of dimethylsilyl group confers to Sip a higher lipophilicity as well as an improved resistance to biodegradation. Enantiomerically pure Sip was available in gram quantities from resolution of the enantiomers by chiral high performance liquid chromatography. This study describes the first synthesis of Sip N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) and shows preliminary results on comparison of polymerization of (l )Pro‐NCA and (d )Sip‐NCA to obtain homopolypeptides with PPII structure, polyproline, and polysilaproline polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3103–3109 相似文献
4.
Greg Whitton Mario Gauthier 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(24):5270-5279
The synthesis of arborescent polymers with poly(γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate) (PBG) side chains was achieved through successive grafting reactions. The linear PBG building blocks were produced by the ring‐opening polymerization of γ‐benzyl L‐glutamic acid N‐carboxyanhydride initiated with n‐hexylamine. The polymerization conditions were optimized to minimize the loss of amino chain termini in the reaction. Acidolysis of a fraction of the benzyl groups on a linear PBG substrate and coupling with linear PBG using a carbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole promoter system yielded a comb‐branched or generation zero (G0) arborescent PBG. Further partial deprotection and grafting cycles led to arborescent PBG of generations G1 to G3. The solvent used in the coupling reaction had a dramatic influence on the yield of graft polymers of generations G1 and above, dimethylsulfoxide being preferable to N,N‐dimethylformamide. This grafting onto scheme yielded well‐defined (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.06), high molecular weight arborescent PBG in a few reaction cycles, with number‐average molecular weights and branching functionalities reaching over 106 and 290, respectively, for the G3 polymer. α‐Helix to coiled conformation transitions were observed from N,N‐dimethylformamide to dimethyl sulfoxide solutions, even for the highly branched polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 5270–5279 相似文献
5.
Dr. Jan Zaminer Dr. Christoph Brockmann Dipl.‐Chem. Peter Huy Dipl.‐Biophys. Robert Opitz Dipl.‐Chem. Cédric Reuter Dr. Michael Beyermann Priv.‐Doz. Dr. Christian Freund Dipl.‐Biochem. Matthias Müller Prof. Dr. Hartmut Oschkinat Dr. Ronald Kühne Prof. Dr. Hans‐Günther Schmalz 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2010,49(39):7111-7115
6.
Haoyu Tang Donghui Zhang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(21):4489-4497
A series of pyrenyl‐terminated poly(γ‐benzyl‐l ‐glutamate)s (py‐PBLGs) with controlled polymer molecular weight (MW = 2.3–14.8 kg mol?1) and molecular weight distribution (PDI = 1.17–1.55) have been prepared from 1‐pyrenemethylamine hydrochloride‐mediated ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of γ‐benzyl‐l ‐glutamic acid based N‐carboxyanhydride (BLG‐NCA). FTIR analysis revealed that the py‐PBLG9 was conformationally heterogeneous with 35.0% α‐helix, 55.6% β‐sheet, and 9.4% random coil conformations in the solid state, whereas the py‐PBLG66 adopts 100% α‐helix conformation. Py‐PBLGs promote the dispersion of SWCNTs in organic solvents and in the PBLG solid through π–π interaction, as evidenced by the Raman spectroscopic studies. WAXD analysis revealed that the SWCNTs significantly affect the ordering of the py‐PBLG self‐assembly: the long range hexagonal packing of py‐PBLG66 rods is notably enhanced by the addition of SWCNTs, whereas the lamellar packing of py‐PGLG9 β‐sheets is weakened. In the hexagonal lattice, the SWCNTs are intercalated parallel to the py‐PBLG66 rods, in contrast to the normal orientation of the SWCNTs with respect to the extended py‐PBLG9 chains in the β‐sheets. The relative packing structure also affects the intermolecular interaction among the PBLGs: SWCNTs promote the interaction among the py‐PBLG9 chains packed in a lamellar structure and weaken the intermolecular interaction among the py‐PBLG66 columnar hexagonal array. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 4489–4497 相似文献
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8.
Shixian Li Chunnuan Ye Guangdong Zhao Meijing Zhang Youliang Zhao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(15):3135-3148
Symmetric reduction‐responsive amphiphilic comblike copolymers mid‐disulfide‐functionalized comblike copolymers with alternating copolymer comprised of styrenic unit and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) maleimide (HEMI) unit (poly(St‐alt‐HEMI)) backbones and alternating PEG and PCL side chains (S‐CP(PEG‐alt‐PCL)) with poly(St‐alt‐HEMI) backbones and alternating poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains were synthesized and used as nanocarriers for in vitro release of doxorubicin. The target copolymers with predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.15–1.20) were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of vinylbenzyl‐terminated PEG and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) maleimide mediated by a disulfide‐functionalized RAFT agent S‐CPDB, and followed by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. When compared with linear block copolymer comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) segments (PEG‐b‐PCL) copolymers, comblike copolymers with similar PCL contents usually exhibited decreased crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and degree of crystallinity, indicating the significant influence of copolymer architecture on physicochemical properties. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that comblike copolymers were liable to self‐assemble into aggregates involving vesicles and micelles with average diameter in the range of 56–226 nm and particle size distribution ranging between 0.07 and 0.20. In contrast to linear copolymer aggregates, comblike copolymer aggregates with similar compositions were of improved storage stability and enhanced drug‐loading efficiency. In vitro drug release confirmed the disulfide‐linked comblike copolymer aggregates could rapidly release the encapsulated drug when triggered by 10 mM DL ‐dithiothreitol. These reduction‐sensitive, biocompatible, and biodegradable aggregates have a potential as controlled delivery vehicles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
9.
The synthesis of thiol‐functionalized long‐chain highly branched polymers (LCHBPs) has been accomplished in combination of ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and thiol‐Michael addition click reaction. A monotelechelic polymer with a terminal acrylate and many pendent thiol groups is first prepared through adding an internal cis‐olefin terminating agent to the reaction mixture immediately after the completion of the living ROMP, and then utilized as an ABn‐type macromonomer in subsequent thiol‐ene reaction between acrylate and thiol, yielding LCHBPs as the reaction time prolonged. Au nanoparticles are then covalently conjugated onto the surface of thiol‐functionalized LCHBP to fabricate novel hybrid nanostructures, which is shown as one interesting application of such functionalized metathesis polymers. This facile approach can be extended toward the fabrication of novel nanomaterials with sophisticated structures and tunable multifunctionalities.
10.
Lorenza Gardella Dario Cavallo Samuele Colonna Alberto Fina Orietta Monticelli 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(22):3269-3282
Novel poly(l ‐lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d ‐lactide) (PDLA)/poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) multiblock copolymers with designed molecular structure were synthesized by a two‐stage procedure. Well‐defined PDLA‐PLLA‐PTHF‐PLLA‐PDLA pentablock copolymers were prepared by sequential ring opening polymerization of l ‐ and d ‐lactides starting from PTHF glycol, with the length of the (equimolar) PLLA and PDLA blocks being varied. Then, these dihydroxyl‐terminated pentamers were transformed into multiblock copolymers by melt chain‐extension with hexamethylene diisocyanate–being the first time that the coupling of pentablock units is reported. The successful formation of macromolecular chains with a multiblock and well‐defined architecture was demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties and structuring of the resulting materials were investigated by means of DSC and WAXD measurements and DMA analysis. Stereocomplexation was found to be promoted during solution and melt crystallization. This approach affords materials combining the high rigidity and strength (other than improved thermal resistance) of the hard stereocomplex crystallites with the flexibility imparted by the soft block, whereby their properties can be finely tailored through the composition of the basic pentablock units without limitations on the final molecular weight. The adopted reaction conditions make this process highly appealing in view of the possibility to perform it in extruder. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3269–3282 相似文献
11.
Qingqing Bian Yan Xiao Meidong Lang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(3):571-580
Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a more robust and versatile approach than other living free radical polymerization methods, providing a reactive thiocarbonylthio end group. A series of well‐defined star diblock [poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)]4 (SPCLNIP) copolymers were synthesized by R‐RAFT polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) using [PCL‐DDAT]4 (SPCL‐DDAT) as a star macro‐RAFT agent (DDAT: S‐1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α, α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid) trithiocarbonate). The R‐RAFT polymerization showed a controlled/“living” character, proceeding with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. All these star polymers with different molecular weights exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions of less than 1.2. The effect of polymerization temperature and molecular weight of the star macro‐RAFT agent on the polymerization kinetics of NIPAAm monomers was also addressed. Hardly any radical–radical coupling by‐products were detected, while linear side products were kept to a minimum by careful control over polymerization conditions. The trithiocarbonate groups were transferred to polymer chain ends by R‐RAFT polymerization, providing potential possibility of further modification by thiocarbonylthio chemistry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
12.
Ronald Adelmann Petra Mela Marat O. Gallyamov Helmut Keul Martin Möller 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(5):1274-1283
P(BMA‐co‐HEMA‐spiropyran) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐ethyl methacrylate (HEMA‐TMS), removal of the TMS‐protective groups, and the polymer analogous esterification of the hydroxyethyl side chains with a spiropyran containing a carboxylic acid group. UV‐induced conformational changes of the synthesized macromolecules and low‐molecular‐weight spiropyran molecules were studied. Rate constants and half‐life times of the ring closure reaction from zwitterionic merocyanine to the spiropyran species were determined in the presence and absence of mica‐dispersed particles in toluene both with the free spiropyran and the polymer‐bound spiropyran. Scanning force microscopy was used to visualize the conformation of spiropyran‐decorated single macromolecular chains and agglomerated polymer‐bound merocyanine adsorbed on mica. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1274–1283, 2009 相似文献
13.
Porta JM Ros L Thomas F Corcho F Cantó J Pérez JJ 《Journal of computational chemistry》2007,28(13):2170-2189
This paper presents a numerical method to compute all possible conformations of distance-constrained molecular loops, i.e., loops where some interatomic distances are held fixed, while others can vary. The method is general (it can be applied to single or multiple intermingled loops of arbitrary topology) and complete (it isolates all solutions, even if they form positive-dimensional sets). Generality is achieved by reducing the problem to finding all embeddings of a set of points constrained by pairwise distances, which can be formulated as computing the roots of a system of Cayley-Menger determinants. Completeness is achieved by expressing these determinants in Bernstein form and using a numerical algorithm that exploits such form to bound all root locations at any desired precision. The method is readily parallelizable, and the current implementation can be run on single- or multiprocessor machines. Experiments are included that show the method's performance on rigid loops, mobile loops, and multiloop molecules. In all cases, complete maps including all possible conformations are obtained, thus allowing an exhaustive analysis and visualization of all pseudo-rotation paths between different conformations satisfying loop closure. 相似文献
14.
The title compound, [Ni(tssb)(2,2-bipy)2]·5(H2O) 1 (tssbH2 =2-[(E)-(2-oxido-phenyl)methyleneamino]ethanesulfonato, 2,2-bipy = 2,2'-bipyridinyl), belongs to orthorhombic,space group Pbcn with a = 20.3983(18), b = 17.6929(15), c = 17.0897(15) nm, V = 6167.8(9) nm3,Mr= 688.38, Z = 8, Dc = 1.481 g·cm-3, F(000) = 2880, μ = 0.758 mm-1 and S =1.099. Each NiⅡ atom is six-coordinated by one N and one O atoms from one tssb2- anion and four N atoms from two 2,2-bipy ligands to give a distorted octahedral geometry. Noticeably, there exists a rare octa-membered water ring which presents a 1D chain by sulfonic group. 相似文献