以聚硫堇为电化学探针的非标记型核酸适配体传感器

采用电聚合法制备了聚硫堇氧化还原电化学探针, 以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体构建了非标记型核酸适配体传感器. 用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法考察了传感器的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 pg/mL～500 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.998, 检出限为0.38 pg/mL. 该传感器制备简单、 灵敏度高且抗干扰能力强.     

基于适配体的生物传感器在双酚A检测中的应用

双酚A(BPA)的快速、准确检测对于对食品安全和公共卫生至关重要.基于适配体的生物传感器是一种集生物、化学、物理及纳米技术为一体的新型高效传感器,在BPA分析领域有巨大的应用潜力.本文在对BPA适配体简要分析的基础上,综述了基于适配体的多种生物传感器的检测原理以及在BPA检测中的最新应用进展,并对其未来发展方向进行了展...     

基于Au-MoS2和hemin的双酚A电化学适配体传感器研究

本文基于双酚A(BPA)与其适配体互补链(cDNA)对适配体的竞争结合作用构建了检测BPA的电化学传感器。制备了金纳米粒子与二硫化钼的纳米复合物(Au-MoS_2),并将其修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制得修饰电极Au-MoS_2/GCE。通过巯基修饰的cDNA与适配体的杂交反应,生成双链DNA(dsDNA),利用其中cDNA的巯基在金纳米粒子表面生成Au-S键的化学吸附作用,将dsDNA修饰到电极表面。利用具有卟啉平面结构的氯化血红素(hemin)在dsDNA沟槽中的嵌插作用,制得电化学传感器Hemin-dsDNA/Au-MoS_2/GCE。基于hemin对于H_2O_2和对苯二酚(HQ)的化学反应的电催化作用,建立了差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定BPA的分析方法,由于BPA与适配体结合的亲和性较强,在一定实验条件下,溶液中BPA浓度越高,导致更多的hemin从电极表面脱落,结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,DPV峰电流值与BPA浓度在1.0 nmol·L~(-1)至10.0μmol·L~(-1)的范围内呈线性关系,检测限为0.8 nmol·L~(-1)。本文还考察了传感器的稳定性与选择性,并将其用于实际样品中BPA的检测,结果满意。     

以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针的核酸适配体传感器用于腺苷的检测

通过金硫键将腺苷适配体互补链(S1)和末端带羧基的DNA链(S2)修饰在金纳米粒子(GNPs)表面,以及甲苯胺蓝(TB)与S2的酰胺反应将TB标记在金纳米粒子表面形成甲苯胺蓝标记的DNA探针分子TB-S2-GNPs-S1,然后在玻碳电极表面电沉积一层金纳米粒子,以其为载体将末端带有巯基的腺苷适配体(Apt)固定在电极表面,以牛血清蛋白为封闭剂消除非特异性吸附,再通过TB-S2-GNPs-S1中的S1与Apt杂交将TB-S2-GNPs-S1负载到电极表面,成功建立了一种以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针检测腺苷的适配体生物传感器。采用紫外可见光谱和扫描电镜对合成的金纳米粒子和TB-S2-GNPs-S1复合物进行表征。对电极的组装过程采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法(EIS)进行表征,对传感器的性能采用差分脉冲法(DPV)和电化学阻抗进行研究。该传感器在1.0×10-4~100.0 ng/m L范围内对腺苷具有良好的信号响应,相关系数(r)为0.994,检出限(S/N=3)为64.7 fg/m L。     

基于二硫化钼/纳米金和硫堇/纳米金信号放大的雌二醇电化学适配体传感器

构建了一种新型的基于二硫化钼/纳米金和硫堇/纳米金信号放大的检测17β-雌二醇的电化学适配体传感器. 利用巯基自组装技术将17β-雌二醇的适配体探针DNA固定在二硫化钼/纳米金修饰玻碳电极表面, 与末端带巯基的部分互补DNA链杂交, 将硫堇/纳米金电化学指示剂自组装在杂交后的双链DNA上, 制备了17β-雌二醇电化学适配体传感器. 二硫化钼/纳米金复合材料增加了电极的有效表面积和DNA探针的固定量. 纳米金作为信号物质载体负载硫堇, 实现了电化学指示剂的信号放大. 加入目标物17β-雌二醇后, 目标物与适配体DNA特异性结合, 导致互补DNA链脱落, 双链上结合的硫堇/纳米金电化学指示剂数量减少, 电化学信号降低. 实验结果表明, 在1.0×10 ^-14~5.0×10 ^-12 mol/L范围内17β-雌二醇浓度与峰电流的线性关系良好, 检出限为4.2×10 ^-15 mol/L(S/N=3). 该传感器可望用于其它环境激素类物质的检测.     

光学适配体传感器检测赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)是真菌产生的次级代谢产物,性质稳定,不易去除,人体摄入后将产生严重的健康危害。数十年来,核酸适配体不断发展,成为生物传感器的重要识别元件之一,适体传感器被广泛用于生物、医药、疾病等分析检测。本文总结了用于检测OTA的经典方法和基于核酸适配体的生物传感器方法,并主要从光学适配体传感器方面阐述了近年用于检测赭曲霉毒素A的适配体传感器,并对其进行了总结和展望。     

夹心式碳纳米管/金复合材料电化学适配体传感器的构建及其对双酚A的检测性能

研制了一种用于检测双酚A的电化学适配体传感器。在金膜工作电极表面修饰溅射镀金的多壁碳纳米管,形成夹心式结构,能够有效提高电极表面积和电子传输。3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)作为染料信号分子结合到固定于电极表面的双酚A适配体中,形成复合物(ssDNA-TMB)。当双酚A存在时,其与适配体特异性结合,引起适配体构象发生变化,ssDNA-TMB中的TMB分子被释放出来,导致电极表面的TMB电化学信号强度降低。采用差分脉冲伏安法进行测试,在0.05～500 nmol/L浓度范围内,双酚A的浓度与TMB的电化学信号呈线性关系,检出限为43 pmol/L。实际塑料样品中双酚A的加标回收率在88.9%～110.2%之间,相对标准偏差在2.7%～9.0%之间。本方法简便高效,适用于现场检测,在消费品安全监管中具有良好的应用前景。     

用于赭曲霉毒素A检测的电化学适配体生物传感器的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素(Ochratoxin)是一类主要由曲霉菌和青霉菌产生的次生代谢产物,其中赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的毒性最强。OTA相当稳定,常规的食品加工难以去除,若摄入受OTA污染的食品或药物会对人类造成严重的危害。实现对OTA的灵敏和快速检测是及早发现和处置OTA污染的关键。近年来,核酸适配体因其独特的优点,被作为抗体的替代物用于构建OTA电化学生物传感器。本文介绍了经典的OTA检测方法和基于适配体的电化学生物传感检测方法,从OTA电化学适配体传感器的适配体优化、新型材料应用以及生物信号放大技术的应用等三个方面总结了该生物传感技术的研究现状,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

无线磁弹性适配体传感器用于检测癌胚抗原

在磁弹性芯片表面修饰癌胚抗原适配体(CEA-apt),构建了新型磁弹性适配体传感器,用于癌胚抗原(CEA)的高灵敏无线检测.基于磁致伸缩效应,信号的激发与传输可以通过电磁场进行,可实现无线检测,并用于活体分析.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能谱(EDS)表征结果表明,磁弹性适配体传感器可以特异性结合...     

适配体电化学传感器检测汞离子进展

适配体是一小段经体外筛选得到的寡核苷酸序列。适配体中的胸腺嘧啶(T)碱基可与Hg~(2+)形成比双链DNA更加稳定的T-Hg~(2+)-T结构。利用该性质结合电化学测量方法可制作检测Hg~(2+)的特异性强、灵敏度高的适配体电化学传感器,并建立微量Hg~(2+)的检测方法。该文对近年来发展的检测Hg~(2+)的适配体电化学传感器进行了综述和总结,对文献报道的几类传感器的构建过程和检测机理进行了详述,对检测方法的优缺点进行了分析。最后,对此类传感器今后的发展方向提出了展望,引用文献83篇。     

基于分子印迹电聚合膜的双酚A电化学传感器

以双酚A为模板分子,邻氨基苯硫酚为单体,采用自组装和电聚合方法,在电极表面制备了对双酚A有选择性的分子印迹聚合物膜.通过循环伏安法研究传感器对双酚A的响应特性.结果表明: 在6.0×10-7～5.5×10-5 mol/L浓度范围内峰电流值与浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.991);检出限2.0×10-7 mol/L; 相对标准偏差<5%(n=9),达到稳定电流所用时间约2 min.此传感器具有良好的选择性、重现性及稳定性.通过交流阻抗技术和计时电流法表征了电极表面膜的电化学性质.将传感器初步用于实际样品的分析,获得了较满意的结果.     

基于杂交指示剂的无标记适配体电化学传感器用于铅离子检测

为克服传统重金属铅离子(Pb²⁺)检测方法无法适应现场在线分析的缺陷,该研究以杂交指示剂亚甲基蓝(MB)作为电化学信号探针,以适配体作为Pb²⁺识别原件构建无标记适配体电化学传感器。在金电极表面,通过先后修饰适配体及其互补序列cDNA形成双链,随后吸附在双链间的MB通过差分脉冲伏安法产生强烈的电化学信号。当Pb²⁺存在时,适配体特异性捕获Pb²⁺造成双链断开释放MB,从而造成电信号降低,实现对Pb²⁺的定量检测。构建的电化学传感器对Pb²⁺的线性范围为0.1～100 000μg/L,检出限低至33.4 ng/L,对牛奶和湖水样品的加标回收率分别为87.1%～115%和106%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为10%～13%和5.0%～9.5%。该方法构建的无标记适配体电化学传感器具有制备简单、成本低廉、灵敏快捷等优点,有望应用于环境及食品工业中Pb²⁺的现场分析。     

A Novel Amperometric Biosensor for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Nafion and Polythionine as Well as Gold Nanoparticles and Gelatin as Matrixes

Abstract

A new biosensor for the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide was developed by means of immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a platinum disk based on gold nanoparticles, nafion, polythionine (PTn), and gelatin as matrixes. The mediator (PTn) was embedded in nafion film effectively without leaching even after long periods of operation, the immobilization of the enzyme comes from the cooperative binding by the Au nanoparticles and gelatin. The fabrication procedure of the biosensor was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical characteristics of the enzyme electrode with respect to the effect of pH, temperature, and the operational and storage stabilities were studied. The test demonstrated that the biosensors show high stability, fast response (<20 s), and a working range 0.05 to 30.6 mM (correlation coefficient: 0.9986), a detection limit of 0.02 mM to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The analytical results by this approach were in satisfactory agreement with those by conventional methods of titration.     

An Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensor for Bisphenol A on a Carbon Nanofibre-silver Nanoparticle Immobilisation Platform

A nanocomposite platform of silver nanoparticles and carbon nanofibres (AgCNFs) was used to immobilise a bisphenol A specific 63-mer ssDNA aptamer to form a biosensor. The fabrication process of the biosensor was studied with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in the presence of [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− as redox probe. The biosensor detected bisphenol A in a linear range of 0.1–10 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.39 nM using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The biosensor exhibited good selectivity in the presence of interfering species at 100-fold concentrations and was used to detect BPA in real water sample.     

Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A Using Molybdenum Disulfide/Au Nanorod Composites Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Bisphenol A, an important compound that is classified as an environmental hormone, has been proven to have harmful effects on human health and ecology. A molybdenum disulfide/Au nanorod‐modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A using a simple and convenient approach. UV–Vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the composite. The electrochemical behavior of bisphenol A at the modified electrode was investigated via differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that bisphenol A exhibits a good electrochemical signal at the modified electrode under optimized conditions, and a good linear relationship was observed between the bisphenol A concentration and peak current within the range of 0.01–50 μM, with a detection limit of 3.4 nM. Furthermore, the fabricated electrodes showed good anti‐interference, reproducibility and stability. The proposed electrochemical method was successfully applied for the detection of bisphenol A in milk and water samples, and its potential for applications in pollutant detection was demonstrated.     

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Nanofiber for Bisphenol A Determination

In this paper, bisphenol A was determined by electrochemical method at a nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofiber modified carbon paste electrode (NCNF/CPE) with high sensitivity and good selectivity. NCNF was obtained by a simple electrospinning followed by carbonization procedure, in which polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as precursor and nitrogen doping was realized by re‐utilizing the tail gas that produced in the thermal pretreatment process. Good reproducibility and high stability were obtained for BPA detection at NCNF modified CPE. Current response plotted with BPA concentration was linear in the range of 0.1–60 μM with LOD of 0.05 μM. The proposed electrochemical sensor was employed for BPA determination with satisfactory recoveries for real water samples, indicating the practical applicability of NCNF/CPE.     

Determination of Bisphenol A Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode

A novel electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A was developed through the combination of a molecular imprinting technique with a multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode. A molecularly imprinted polymer and nonimprinted polymer were synthesized in the presence and absence of bisphenol A, and then used to prepare the electrode. The bisphenol A imprinted polymer was applied as a selective recognition element in the electrochemical sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of bisphenol A at the modified electrodes. The results showed that the imprinted sensor had highest response for bisphenol A. Parameters including the carbon paste composition, pH, and adsorption time for the imprinted sensor were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetry peak current was linear with the concentration of bisphenol A from 0.08 to 100.0 µM, with a detection limit of 0.022 µM. The imprinted sensor for bisphenol A exhibited good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. This sensor was successfully used for the determination of bisphenol A in real water samples.     

Aptamer Molecular Beacon Sensor for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite which causes wide contamination in a variety of food stuffs and environments and has a high risk to human health. Developing a rapid and sensitive method for OTA detection is highly demanded in food safety, environment monitoring, and quality control. Here, we report a simple molecular aptamer beacon (MAB) sensor for rapid OTA detection. The anti-OTA aptamer has a fluorescein (FAM) labeled at the 5′ end and a black hole quencher (BHQ1) labeled at the 3′ end. The specific binding of OTA induced a conformational transition of the aptamer from a random coil to a duplex–quadruplex structure, which brought FAM and BHQ1 into spatial proximity causing fluorescence quenching. Under the optimized conditions, this aptamer sensor enabled OTA detection in a wide dynamic concentration range from 3.9 nM to 500 nM, and the detection limit was about 3.9 nM OTA. This method was selective for OTA detection and allowed to detect OTA spiked in diluted liquor and corn flour extraction samples, showing the capability for OTA analysis in practical applications.