槲皮素在聚离子液体膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

合成了1-[3'-(N-吡咯)丙基]-3-己基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体,以其为单体,采用循环伏安法(CV)制备出聚离子液体膜修饰玻碳电极,经十二烷基硫酸钠溶液处理实现阴离子交换,获得聚离子液体疏水膜界面(PIL/GCE),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和K_3Fe(CN)_6/K_4Fe(CN)_6探针表征了该修饰电极的表面形貌和电化学性能,通过伏安法研究了槲皮素在PIL/GCE电极界面上的电化学行为。结果发现:槲皮素在该修饰电极上只有一个不可逆的氧化峰,与裸玻碳电极相比,氧化峰电流显著增强。优化了实验条件如:聚合膜的厚度,pH,富集电位和富集时间等。在优化条件下,槲皮素的氧化峰电流与浓度在0.5~3.0μmol/L和3.0~20μmol/L范围类有良好的线性关系,检测限为0.2μmol/L。方法已用于中药中槲皮素的测定。     

曙红修饰电极对特丁基对苯二酚的灵敏检测

采用循环伏安法(CV)制备了曙红修饰玻碳电极(eosin Y/GCE),电化学交流阻抗法对修饰电极表面进行了表征,研究了特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定TBHQ的新方法。研究表明,修饰电极对TBHQ的氧化还原具有较好的电催化活性,在eosin Y/GCE上的氧化还原峰电位差从297 m V降至85 m V。在20~400 m V·s-1范围内,其氧化还原峰电流与扫速的平方根呈良好的线性关系,表明TBHQ在eosin Y/GCE上的电极反应受扩散控制。在0.10 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(p H 6.5)中,扫速为100 m V·s-1时,此修饰电极的DPV响应与TBHQ浓度在1~200μmol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.1μmol·L-1。此修饰电极具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性,应用于油品中TBHQ的测定,回收率达95.0%~102.5%。该电极有望应用于多种食品中抗氧化剂的检测。     

碳纳米管修饰电极检测特丁基对苯二酚

利用碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWCNTs/GCE),对特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)进行了检测,采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了TBHQ在裸电极和修饰电极上的电化学行为。M WCNTs/GCE对TBHQ的氧化具有较好的电催化活性,在修饰电极上的氧化还原峰电位差从261 m V减小到30 m V。在0.10 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(p H 7.0)中,扫速为50 m V/s时,此修饰电极的DPV响应与TBHQ浓度在2~250μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.1μmol/L(S/N=3)。此修饰电极可应用于食用油中TBHQ的测定,回收率为92.0%~104.0%。     

ZrO2/PPy@玉米芯多孔碳材料的制备及用于检测稻谷中草甘膦残留

通过在PPy@玉米芯多孔碳修饰的玻碳电极上沉积ZrO₂纳米粒子,制备了一种灵敏检测食品中草甘膦残留的电化学传感器电极材料。玉米芯多孔碳的平均孔径为4.07 nm。PPy@玉米芯多孔碳复合材料的高比表面积增加了ZrO₂的负载量。PPy@玉米芯多孔碳修饰电极用于草甘膦检测的线性范围为0.1～10μg/kg和10～1000μg/kg,检出限为24.4 ng/kg,检测稻谷中草甘膦的回收率为95.5%～99.1%。该传感器可用于实际食品样品中草甘膦残留的检测。     

基于氮掺杂多孔碳的乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器检测残留农药甲拌磷

以制备的新型氮掺杂多孔碳为载体,玻碳电极(GC)为工作电极,构建了乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)传感器,用于有机磷农药甲拌磷的检测研究。在1.0 mmol/L底物氯化乙酰胆碱溶液中的差分脉冲扫描结果表明,ACh E/GC电极上的峰电流为0.195 8μA,而ACh E/氮掺杂多孔碳/GC电极上的峰电流为0.841 4μA,说明氮掺杂多孔碳材料可有效固定ACh E,提高检测灵敏度。采用ACh E/氮掺杂多孔碳/GC电极对不同浓度甲拌磷进行测定,在6.0×10-10~1.2×10-6g/L浓度范围内,抑制率与甲拌磷浓度的负对数呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.998 5)。按照抑制率为10%计算,检出限为5.8×10-12g/L。采用加标回收法检测菠菜汁样品中的甲拌磷,回收率为91.7%~97.4%。     

基于AuNPs-多孔碳-IL复合材料的电化学法检测亚硝酸盐

制备金-多孔碳-离子液体(AuNPs-多孔碳-IL)纳米复合材料,用以修饰玻碳(GC)电极,制得AuNPs-多孔碳-IL/GC传感器,对食品中的亚硝酸盐进行检测。在最优条件下,NaNO_2浓度在2.00×10~(-9)~8.00×10~(-8)mol/L和8.00×10-7~8.00×10~(-4)mol/L时,与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性方程分别为:I=22.48122c+1.05555,(R~2=0.998);I=0.05322c+3.81848(R2=0.999)。检出限为8.86×10~(-9)mol/L。对实际样品中的NaNO_2进行检测,得到样品平均回收率在95.5%~108.9%范围内。     

单壁碳纳米管-氨基二茂铁复合物修饰玻碳电极对对硝基苯酚的电化学检测

本研究用氨基二茂铁(Aminoferrocene,AFc)经重氮化反应后修饰单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs),制备SWNTs-AFc复合物,并以该复合物修饰玻碳电极(GCE),通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等电化学方法检测对硝基苯酚(p-NP)。结果表明,与裸玻碳电极相比,SWNTs-AFc/GCE对p-NP响应的还原过电位显著减小,峰电流大大增强,p-NP的检测线性范围为1~850μmol/L(R2=0.997),检测限为1μmol/L。该方法电流响应快、灵敏度高、检测限低,具有良好的应用前景。     

羧基化石墨烯基导电聚吡咯复合材料的超电容性能

制备了羧基化石墨烯基聚吡咯复合物(CG/ppy）修饰电极,用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了修饰电极的电化学行为,并对修饰电极进行了恒流充放电以及循环稳定性测试。 实验结果表明,CG/ppy显著提高了玻碳电极在电解液中的电流响应,降低了玻碳电极在电解液中的电阻,修饰电极的比电容可达584 F/g,且经过1000次循环后比电容仍保持初始值的81%。 首次将羧基化石墨烯基聚吡咯应用于电化学领域,证实了CG/ppy修饰电极在该领域中有潜在的应用价值。     

碳纳米管促进下二甲基亚砜还原酶的媒介电化学性质

分别研究了二甲基亚砜还原酶固载在玻碳电极和碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的媒介电化学性质.研究发现,随着底物浓度的增加,两个电极还原电流均逐渐增加.值得注意的是,在相同的底物浓度下,碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极得到的还原电流明显提高.结果表明,碳纳米管促进了二甲基亚砜还原酶与玻碳电极之间的电子转移.     

盐酸二甲双胍在不同电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

比较了盐酸二甲双胍(Met)在金电极、铂电极、玻碳电极上的电化学行为,结果表明Met在玻碳电极上具有最佳电化学信号;在此基础上,将单壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极作为工作电极,在最佳实验条件下对Met进行检测,其响应电流与Met浓度在200~5000μmol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,定量限是100μmol/L,可用于检测尿液中的Met。     

The Colloidal Stabilization of Carbon with Carbon: Carbon Nanobubbles as both Dispersant and Glue for Carbon Nanotubes

The superior physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have led to their broad application. Intrinsically, CNTs tend to agglomerate from hydrophobic interactions, which is highly undesirable for solution processing and device fabrication. Commonly, a stabilizer consisting of organic surfactants or polymers is used to disperse CNTs. Recently, we synthesized nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanospheres (25–90 nm), termed carbon “nanobubbles”. They bear superior dispersability in water and distinctive graphitic order. Herein, we describe the nanobubble‐assisted dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solution upon sonication. This process relies on the π–π interaction between the two aromatic carbon nanostructures, which can process their carbon mixture in water into conductive filter membranes, ink, and discs. This stabilization can be extended to other aromatic carbons. In addition, the π–π interaction may create a new type of carbon p–n junction that can be used to improve charge separation.     

一维新型碳的同素异形体:碳链

碳链是一种完全一维的、具有电子轨道sp杂化结构的新型碳的同素异形体.正是由于碳链的独特的一维结构,使其拥有区别于富勒烯、石墨烯和碳纳米管的化学键,从而表现出更加优异的性能,如:理论预言碳链的机械强度是石墨烯的几倍;碳链的导热也类似于石墨烯和碳纳米管;碳链是具有直接带隙的半导体材料,且带隙的大小可以通过其长度来调控,其长...     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Preundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C (above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g) was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.     

埃洛石纳米管模板法一步法制备一维碳纳米管/碳纳米棒混合纳米碳材料

利用埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)特有的中空纳米结构,以及丰富的界面化学性质,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为碳源,采用浸渍填充纳米孔方法实现了一步制备一维碳纳米管(CNTs)/碳纳米棒(CNRs)混合纳米碳材料。考察模板剂(HNTs)和碳源(PVA)之间的比例关系对混合纳米碳材料的结构影响,利用XRD、FTIR、Raman、N2吸附-脱附测试、TEM、SEM以及电阻率和分散性等表征手段分析混合纳米碳材料的结构变化。结果发现,PVA填充含量的增加将导致产物中CNRs的质量分数增加;当PVA和HNTs质量之比为1∶1时,所制备的CNTs/CNRs的孔体积达到最大值2.142 cm~3·g-1,比表面积达到583 m~2·g-1,并且表现出较好的电导率和分散性,表明低的PVA填充比例制备的混合碳材料中CNTs含量较高。     

Growth of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates Using Carbon Monoxide as Carbon Source

The growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) on substrates has attracted great interests because of the potential applications in various fields. Carbon monoxide(CO) was used as the carbon source for the growth of SWCNTs on silicon substrates. Random or oriented SWCNTs can be produced by varying the CO flow rate. When the flow rate of CO was as low as 20 sccm(sccm:standard cubic centimeter per minute), dense SWCNT networks with clean surface were produced. When the flow rate was above 50 sccm, vertically aligned SWCNT(VA-SWCNT) arrays were grown. Well-aligned VA-SWCNT arrays were obtained in the temperature range of 650-800℃ and the content of large-diameter(above 1.7 nm) tubes in the array increased with the temperature. The height of the array was affected by the growth temperature, the CO flow rate, and the growth time. These findings indicate CO can be used as an efficient carbon source for the growth of SWCNTs on substrates under low flow rates.     

Carbon clusters

Some of the most significant discoveries and achievements concerning the mass spectra and gas phase ion chemistry of carbon clusters are reviewed. These include (1) nanosecond and femtosecond laser ionizations; (2) ion structures through ion/molecule reactions, ion chromatography, and computational methods; (3) carbon cluster cooling through radiative decay, dissociative decay, and thermionic emission; (4) mechanisms and energetics of fragmentation reactions; (5) endohedral fullerenes including recent data on ion beam implantation, and (6) ion chemistry as a function of the fullerene charge state.     

二氧化碳与低碳经济发展

由于二氧化碳无色无味,又存在于大气中,因此它在植物生长中的重要性被人类忽略了。其实二氧化碳是光合作用的反应物,是植物生长的重要原料;又是一种新型绿色肥料。人类应该着力开发以二氧化碳为原料的新型肥料发展低碳经济。     

Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4-CO2重整体系中积碳-消碳的研究

用动态热重技术和色谱技术联用以及XRD和TEM等表征手段,研究了Ni/γ-Al     

Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Tetrachloride to 1-Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The Pd-catalyzed addition of carbon monoxide and carbon tetrachloride to 1-octene gave coadduct [alkyl 2-( 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl)octanoate] as the major product in supercritical carbon dioxide by using pyridine as the base. It was found that the selectivity and the yield of coadduct were greatly affected by the pressure of carbon dioxide, the reaction temperature and the amounts of alcohol and base used.     

碳纳米管含量对炭炭复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

炭纤维上原位合成了均匀生长且具有伸张形貌的碳纳米管,借助化学气相渗透制备了碳纳米管增强的炭炭复合材料,研究了不同含量的碳纳米管对炭炭复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：炭纤维上生长碳纳米管改变了热解炭的沉积行为,诱导了各向同性热解炭的生成,且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,各向同性热解炭的厚度增加,但是复合材料的d002值却明显降低。微量的碳纳米管即可显著提高复合材料的力学强度,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的力学强度和模量迅速提高,但材料的断裂行为却急剧恶化,断裂模式由最初的假塑性断裂转变为脆性断裂。