相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的误差研究

为了能够对相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行定量分析以及优化设计,使其在实际应用中获得最佳测量结果,从该多普勒频移测量方法的工作原理出发,对其测量误差分布规律进行了理论与实验研究,建立了该方法的测量误差模型。并利用该模型对此测量方法的频移测量精度等方面受相位调制频率和相位调制深度的影响进行了理论研究,发现当相位调制频率为Fabry-Perot干涉仪透射率曲线半峰全宽的0.63倍以及相位调制深度为1.08时,该方法的测量精度可以达到最高。     

Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪及其相位提取误差分析

在分析Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪典型系统参数的基础上,系统研究了该干涉仪相位提取精度的主要影响因素。结合传统的五步相移算法,采用所提出的八步与十步相移算法,对Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪的相位提取误差进行理论分析和仿真计算。仿真结果说明,八步和十步相移算法可以有效地消除多级衍射光寄生干涉对相位提取精度的影响,且十步相移算法比八步相移算法具有更高的相位提取精度;为了提高测量精度,要求相移误差优于2%;探测器位数大于10位;光栅周期误差小于1%;光源空间相干性低于0.1。通过采用不同的相移算法、剪切率和光源空间相干性的三组对比实验,对理论分析的正确性进行了验证。     

多普勒差分干涉仪干涉图信噪比对相位不确定度研究

多普勒差分干涉仪通过测量干涉图相位变化反演大气风速.干涉图信噪比是工程应用中影响测风干涉仪相位反演精度的核心指标之一,基于观测数据分析多普勒差分干涉仪中相位不确定度与干涉图信噪比之间的定量关系建立解析模型,对仪器设计、性能评价及风场数据应用具有重要意义.本文基于傅里叶变换光谱学噪声传递理论和多普勒差分干涉仪相位反演模型,建立干涉图信噪比与相位不确定度传递的理论模型.利用多组不同信噪比仿真及实验实测数据,将相位反演模型计算的统计结果与本文提出的理论模型分析结果进行比较验证,结果表明,多组实验数据平均残差小于0.07 mrad,两者的一致性较好,建立的模型为多普勒差分干涉仪效能评估、干涉仪设计优化提供理论依据.     

光热正弦相位调制干涉仪中相位的抗干扰测量

在正弦相位调制半导体激光干涉仪中,半导体激光波长随注入电流和温度漂移而产生相位测量误差,同时干涉仪的机械振动和干涉仪两臂中的空气扰动也会引入相位误差,在已有光热正弦相位调制干涉仪中引入反馈机制,有效地降低了上述误差,增强了干涉仪的抗干扰能力,使用此干涉仪测量了物体的位移,测量结果表明这种方法可以有效地提高相位的测量精度。     

计算电容中Fabry-Perot干涉仪测量位移的相位修正方法

计算电容是复现电学阻抗单位的基准装置, 利用计算电容值和量子霍尔电阻值可以准确计算出精细结构常数α. 计算电容的本质是通过高准确度地测量屏蔽电极的位移, 实现对电容量值的测量. 因此, 基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的精密电极位移测量系统是计算电容装置中最为核心和关键的部分. 在Fabry-Perot干涉仪测位移过程中, 由于高斯激光束存在轴向Gouy相位, 该附加相位将会引起相邻干涉条纹对应位移的变化(大于或者小于λ/2), 导致位移的测量值与实际值存在偏差. 本文阐述了高斯激光场的传播特性, 利用高斯激光束在自由空间和透过薄透镜复振幅的变换关系, 建立了计算电容装置中Fabry-Perot干涉仪透射光束的传输模型; 通过对不同腔长的Fabry-Perot干涉仪透射光场相位的分析, 获得了高斯激光束轴向Gouy相位修正与传输距离的关系. 结果表明, 当腔长从111.3 mm移动至316.3 mm时, 在接收距离为560 mm的情况下, 高斯光束轴向Gouy 相位引起的位移修正的绝对值最小为0.7 nm, 其相对相位修正量|δL|/|ΔL| = 3.4×10^-9.     

正弦相位调制自混合干涉微位移测量精度分析

为了提高自混合干涉仪的位移测量精度,提出将正弦相位调制技术引入自混合干涉中。相位调制由置于自混合干涉仪外腔中的电光晶体实现,相位解调由傅里叶分析的方法得到。对位移测量过程中各种可能的误差来源如电光晶体调制不稳定性、光在外腔中的二次反馈效应等对测量精度的影响进行了模拟分析,从理论上得到了这种新的信号处理方法可以达到纳米级的测量精度。实验上,用高精度的商用压电陶瓷标定的结果验证了这种正弦相位调制自混合干涉仪在普通实验室噪声环境中可以达到纳米级的位移测量精度。     

用于微位移测量的笔束激光干涉仪

介绍了一种基于空间干涉原理的亚微米零差干涉位移测量方法。该方法是对笔束激光干涉仪在微位移测量领域的应用 ,干涉仪的测量精度不受光束波前畸变等光源噪声的影响。给出了干涉仪主要结构参数的选取原则 ;构建了用于微位移测量的笔束激光干涉仪实验系统。实验结果表明 ,该系统具有纳米测量分辨率。     

基于波前传感法的立方相位板面形测量

针对立方相位板的曲面特征,基于波前传感方法设计了面形测量系统。提出了波前数据到曲面面形的映射模型,借助图像处理方法有效地提高了测量的动态范围,实现了较大曲率的立方相位板面形精度的超精密测量。仿真分析表明,该模型的转换精度同传统算法相比提高了2~3倍,测量的动态范围提高了4倍,且仍有提高空间。最后搭建的实验系统实现了实际立方相位板面形的测量,通过与Wyko白光干涉仪的测量数据对比,验证了测量的准确性。     

高灵敏度的量子迈克耳孙干涉仪

迈克耳孙干涉仪不仅可以用来研究物理学的基本问题,而且能够用于精密测量,比如引力波信号的测量.因此,构建高灵敏度的迈克耳孙干涉仪是实现微弱信号测量的关键.目前,人们利用压缩态可以降低迈克耳孙干涉仪的噪声;通过光学四波混频过程能够放大马赫·曾德尔干涉仪中的相位信号,从而提高干涉仪的信噪比和灵敏度.本文研究了一种用于高灵敏度相位测量的量子迈克耳孙干涉仪.在迈克耳孙干涉仪中,利用非简并光学参量放大器取代干涉仪中的线性光学分束器;并且将压缩态注入干涉仪的真空通道,可以得到高信噪比和高灵敏度的干涉仪.由于存在不可避免的光学损耗,分析了迈克耳孙干涉仪内部和外部的损耗对相位测量灵敏度的影响.通过理论计算研究了干涉仪的相位测量灵敏度随系统参数的变化关系,得到了高灵敏度的相位测量量子迈克耳孙干涉仪的实现条件,为用于精密测量的干涉仪的设计提供了直接参考.     

双数态输入型M-Z干涉仪中量子相位的最大似然估计和贝叶斯分析

本文采用最大似然估计和贝叶斯分析两种方法,对双数态输入型马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的量子相位估计进行研究.通过对干涉仪输出端粒子数差和宇称进行理论计算和数值模拟,发现采用贝叶斯分析和粒子数差测量的组合,可以在全相位空间实现最优测量,即待估相位精度达到由量子克拉美罗下界所给定的测量极限,同时,利用贝叶斯分析进行相位估计所需样本数较最大似然估计更少.在通过宇称测量进行相位估计的研究中,发现无法利用贝叶斯分析实现相位估计,但可采用最大似然估计进行研究.借助蒙特卡洛数值模拟分析,我们验证了理论计算结果,即相位估计精度会随待估相位θ₀的变化而改变,将其与粒子数差测量结果对比,进一步确认了粒子数差测量方案的优越性.     

Optical transfer functions of Kerr nonlinear cavities and interferometers

We present the optical transfer functions for third-order nonlinear cavities that involve an optical carrier frequency and its modulation sideband fields. Our approach is based on linearized transformations and provides a convenient tool to calculate squeezed light sources as well as complex interferometer topologies, containing subsystems that involve intensity dependent phase shifts, i.e., optical Kerr media. As the result we present the noise spectral density of a Michelson interferometer with Kerr nonlinear arm cavities and resonant sideband extraction and find that quantum noise can be squeezed by arbitrary amounts even outside the cavity linewidth. Such a system might apply for future gravitational wave detectors or simply for a continuous wave source of squeezed states.     

干涉型长距离分布式光纤传感系统

提出了并验证了一种新型的以迈克耳辽干涉为基础的调频连续波干涉型长距离分布式光纤伟系统，系统在干涉仪的参考回路巧妙地引入了一个带有移频器的光学回路，使系统连续测量范围增加到４倍，达４８ｍ。     

同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的检测--大曲率半径小口径光斑的波前检测

提出了利用微小楔角剪切干涉仪测量同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的方法。利用透镜和针孔产生与同步辐射发散度相同的激光束。通过剪切干涉仪．测量经压弯准直镜输出激光束的平行度,可将准直镜的位置、俯仰角度和镜面曲率皆调整到最佳。该剪切干涉仪结构简单,可根据条纹图样判断光束的平行度,每一幅干涉条纹图样与准直镜的一种姿态对应,因而这种方法能确定准直镜表面各点反射X射线的整体效果。该方法适用于测量波前曲率半径大竖直口径小的光束,不但精度高．而且具有实用价值。     

Experimental research on spectrum and imaging of continuous-wave terahertz radiation based on interferometry

A system for measuring terahertz spectrum is proposed based on optical interferometer theory, and is experimentally demonstrated by using a backward-wave oscillator as the terahertz source. A high-resolution, high-precision interferometer is constructed by using a pyroelectric detector and a chopper. The results show that the spectral resolution is better than 1 GHz and the relative error of frequency is less than 3%. The terahertz energy density distribution is calculated by an inverse Fourier transform and tested to verify the feasibility of the interferometric approach. Two kinds of carbon-fiber composites are imaged. The results confirm that the interferometer is useful for transmission imaging of materials with different thickness values.     

In-medium Nucleon-Nucleon Inelastic Scattering Cross Section(Ⅰ)

The explicit expressions for in-medium NN→N△ cross section are derived within the relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck approach,which are given simultalleously with the other integrants of transport model such as the mean field, NN elastic scattering cross section as well as the transport equation itself based on the effective Lagrangian.Our results can reproduce the experimental data of free inelastic cross section nicely.The in-medium inelastic cross section is calculated up to twice nuclear matter density and is in agreement with the Dirac-Brueckner calculations.     

自动补偿高效的差分相位编码QKD系统

提出一种自动补偿高效实用的改进型差分相位编码量子密钥分发方案.在Alice端采用偏振型强度调制器对连续激光进行调制，产生任意个相干脉冲进行差分相位调制编码；在Bob端采用双FM干涉仪代替传统的M-Z干涉仪，自动补偿了环境引起的偏振抖动，提高了系统的干涉稳定度.简化了系统的结构，提高了密钥生成效率，增强了系统的安全性.在实验上实现了稳定的80km量子密钥分配，误码率<4%. 关键词： 量子保密通信 量子密钥分发 差分相位编码 偏振型强度调制器     

High-resolution dynamic measurement using electronic speckle pattern interferometry based on multi-camera technology

The speckle interferometer based on multi-camera technologies using two cameras is applied to a dynamic measurement. The new speckle interferometer is constructed by a prism array and two cameras. A phenomenon, which a bearing-ball collides against a thin polymer film, is investigated by the proposed interferometer. Then, it is shown that the local maximum deformation of the thin film by the collision is about 1.0 μm. Such a deformation process can precisely be analyzed by this method without any troubles of optical dislocations. In the results, it is confirmed that a large deformation process can be analyzed by accumulating measured results of small deformation in every small continuous analysis. Furthermore, it is estimated that the measurement precision of this method is about 5 nm as experimental results.     

X-ray interferometer based on fresnel zone plates

A new type of X-ray interferometer based on three multilevel zone plates with common lens axis is suggested. Like to well-known triple Laue-case X-ray interferometer this interferometer does not impose strict requirements on the spatial and time coherence of the incident wave and therefore can be used with laboratory X-ray sources. The interferometer has advantages in the area of phase-contrast X-ray imaging connected with the image magnification.     

Non-Scanning Optical Coherence Tomography Using Off-Axis Interferometry with an Angular-Dispersion Imaging Scheme

We present a non-scanning approach for real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our approach is based on an off-axis interferometer that laterally projects the time-of-flight or depth information of the sample onto an image sensor. To facilitate the use of an off-axis interferometer in OCT, an angular-dispersion imaging method has been developed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented to demonstrate that this method is capable of demodulating the interferogram and thus permits a direct inspection of the depth-resolved image. Depth resolution and detection range of the present method are also studied.     

Developing Physical Bases for Low-Frequency Acoustic Tomography in the Arctic Shelf Using Fiberoptic Geophones

Principles of the design and operation of a fiber-optic geophone based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for seismic monitoring of the Arctic Shelf when there is an ice cover are considered. The proposed approach to geophone design is based on the combined application of interferometric means of measuring and the spatial localization of the fiberoptic interferometer. The results from field experiments to test geophone prototypes are presented. It is shown that the seismic receiver’s threshold sensitivity of 10^?7 m s^?2 allows the recording of weak seismic signals in the area of the land–sea transition.