随着科技不断进步和人口快速增长,化石能源日渐枯竭,同时环境问题日趋严重,开发新型绿色、环保、高效的能源迫在眉睫.锂-空气电池以其质量轻、成本低、环境友好和能量密度高的优点引起人们广泛研究.但对于锂-空气电池仍然需要解决诸如较差的材料和电解液的稳定性、较低的循环寿命以及过高的充放电过电势等难题.而开发高效正极催化剂材料是解决这些问题的关键技术之一.其中,过渡金属氧化物以其地壳丰度高、成本低和性能优异等优点成为正极催化剂材料的研究热点.本文采用化学法成功合成了CoSnO_3纳米盒子,对其进行复合后制得CoSnO_3@rGO纳米复合材料,并系统研究了CoSnO_3及其纳米复合材料作为锂-空气电池正极催化剂的电化学性能.结果表明,通过石墨烯与CoSnO_3进行复合得到的CoSnO_3@rGO纳米复合材料的比表面积从原来的104.3 m~2 g~(-1)增加到195.8 m~2 g~(-1).作为阴极催化剂材料,CoSnO_3@rGO纳米复合材料的充放电过电位比CoSnO_3在100和500 mA g~(-1)充放电电流密度下分别降低了20和60 mV.在限制容量为1000 mAh g~(-1)、充放电电流密度为200 mA g~(-1)时,CoSnO_3@rGO纳米复合材料作为阴极催化剂材料可以使该锂-空气电池稳定循环130圈,比单纯的CoSnO_3纳米盒子作为阴极催化剂材料多循环了25圈.CoSnO_3@rGO纳米复合材料的优异性能归功于石墨烯良好的导电性能以及快速的电子和离子传输能力,同时由于其巨大的比表面积增大了电解液和催化剂材料活性位点的接触面积,为放电产物Li_2O_2的形成和分解提供了场所.CoSnO_3@rGO的OER催化活性和循环稳定性在CoSnO_3基础上均得到提升. 相似文献
Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum. 相似文献
The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids. 相似文献
Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems. 相似文献
An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed. 相似文献
The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH2)x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy. 相似文献
A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high Tg nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.