长春花总生物碱的提取方法研究

采用酸水冷浸法、乙醇冷凝回流法提取长春花中的总生物碱,并通过沉淀反应、显色反应对提取出来的生物碱进行定性检测,通过紫外分光光度法测其相对含量。结果显示酸水冷浸法与乙醇冷凝回流法都能提取长春花中生物总碱,乙醇冷凝回流法比酸水冷浸法提取长春花生物碱含量高,效果更好。     

长春花愈伤组织的诱导和增殖

以长春花(Catharanthus roseus (L.)Don)幼嫩叶片作为外植体．接种于附加不同浓度的NAA,2,4-D、6-BA、KT及其组合的MS固体培养基上,结果发现除单独使用KT不能产生愈伤组织外,其它3种单独使用时,在一定的浓度范围均有愈伤组织产生;最佳的组合培养基为MS NAA 0．5mg／L 2,4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L．进一步研究发现,在黑暗和光照培养条件下,愈伤组织增殖呈“S”型,且生长周期均为27d。     

野生花卉石海椒的生物学特性观察和栽培

本文根据笔者的观察和有关文献的记述对野生花卉石海椒的分布、用途、生长习性、形态特征进行了详细的描述,同时,根据近年来对野生石海椒的人工繁殖和栽培方法等方面的经验进行了归纳,提出了石海椒繁殖和栽培技术的基本要领。     

Morphological and physiological analysis of narrow and striped leaf 1 （nsl1） mutant of rice （Oryza sativa L.） and the gene mapping

The shape and color of rice leaves are impor- tant agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality. A new mutant exhibiting stable inheritance was identified as derived from ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS）-treated restorer Jinhui 10, tentatively named as narrow and striped leaf 1 （nsll）. The nsll displayed pale white leaves at the seeding stage and then white striped leaves in parallel to the main vein at the jointing stage. Meanwhile, its leaf blades are significantly narrower than the control group of Jinhui 10. The chloroplast structures of cells in the white striped area of the nsll mutant break down, and the photosynthetic pigments are significantly lower than that of the wild type. Moreover, fluorescence parameters, such as Fo, Fv/Fm, ФpsⅡ, qP, and ETR, in the nsll mutant are significantly lower than those of the wild type, and the photosynthetic efficiency is also significantly decreased. These changes in leaf color and shape, together with physiological changes in the nsll, result in smaller plant height and a decrease in the most important agro- nomic traits, such as the number of grains per panicle, grain weight, etc. Genetic analysis shows that the narrow and striped traits of the nsll mutant are controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which is located between InDel 16 and InDel 12 in chromosome 3. The physical distance is 204 kb. So far, no similar genes of such leaf color and shape in this area have been reported, This study has laid asolid foundation for the gene cloning and function analysis of NSL 1.     

薏苡多糖的提取、分离与纯化工艺研究

目的：建立薏苡非种仁部位中多糖的提取、分离和纯化工艺．方法：利用正交设计优化薏苡多糖的提取工艺,用Sevag法和三氯乙酸法脱蛋白．结果：正交设计优选薏苡多糖的提取工艺为12倍量的水提取2次,每次1h;Sevag法和三氯乙酸法均能有效地除去多糖中的蛋白质．结论：本实验为薏苡多糖的提取分离的条件提供了参考,为薏苡的进一步开发研究提供依据．     

构树生长特性研究

本文采集贵阳市花溪区3株构树,通过树干解析方法,研究其树木生长特性。结果表明:构树生长快,11年生时构树单株平均胸径总生长量已达17.35 cm、胸径连年生长量大,一般1.5 cm左右,树高总生长量13.43 m、材积总生长量0.1572m3,胸径速生期在5-7 a。     

中华芦荟在不同胁迫下的丙二醛和可溶性糖含量的变化

以中华芦荟（Aloe vera L.var Chinensis（Haw．）Berger）为材料,进行干旱、高盐和低温胁迫处理,测定丙二醛和可溶性糖含量的变化．结果表明,中华芦荟在三种胁迫处理下,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量都随着处理时间的延长而增加,低温胁迫下的增长幅度最大,这可能暗示芦荟对低温胁迫更敏感,进一步表明芦荟耐干旱耐高盐但不耐低温．     

耦合与阻尼对人工电磁材料实现电磁诱导透明特性的影响

耦合两振子模型是分析人工电磁材料耦合特性的常用分析模型,它描述了相关参数对吸收谱或透射谱的影响.本文从耦合两振子模型入手,分析了两个重要参数:耦合系数和阻尼对人工电磁材料实现电磁诱导透明现象的影响,计算了吸收谱随这两个参数变化的情况.通过对耦合两振子模型的分析,为人工电磁材料实现电磁诱导透明的分析与设计提供参考.     

Genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and evolutionary relationship among ecotypes of Glycine max and G. soja in China

The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop. In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated （Glycine max） and wild （G. soja） soybeans, the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat （nuSSR） loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR （cpSSR） loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed. （i） The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean, with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs. 980 and 57 vs 44, respectively. Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean, 377 new ones （38.5%） emerged, while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean, seven new ones （15.9%） emerged after domestication. （ii） Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes, those from southern China, including South-Central China, Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China, while among the wild geographic ecotypes, the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity. （iii） The analysis of molecular variance, association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation, or in other words, had their relevant genetic bases. （iv） The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central ＆ Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions. The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones, including their local wild counterparts. Therefore, it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China, especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.     

杂种马褂木扦插繁殖技术研究--Ⅱ插穗粗细及环境条件与生根的关系

通过一系列试验,研究了插穗粗细及扦插基质、扦插时间等环境因子与杂种马褂木扦插生根的关系。结果表明:嫩枝扦插时适宜的插穗直径范围是4 mm~8 mm,最好为6 mm~8 mm;硬枝扦插时适宜直径范围是6mm~10 mm,最好为8 mm~10 mm;在参试的4种基质中,嫩枝扦插以珍珠岩最好,硬枝扦插以砻糖灰最佳;夏季扦插在5月中旬至8月下旬这段时间内均可进行,但以6月上旬前后扦插生根率最高。     

苗族向滇东南和中印半岛北部迁徙的方式与特点

苗族从贵州向滇东南和中印半岛北部的迁徙有许多鲜明的特点：既有因战乱引发的短时期内的大规模迁徙,也有因经济原因引发的零散但持续不断的迁徙;主要迁往山区和半山区,而很少迁到河谷、平坝和城镇;迁来后,有的很快实现定居,有的仍长期迁徙不定;迁徙方向主要朝向西南,但也普遍存在着从中印半岛北部向北迁入滇东南或从滇东南返回贵州的情况;迁徙中既形成了与滇东南和中印半岛北部各族大杂居的局面,也形成了许多小聚居的局面。