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1.
Determination of boron in water samples by chemical prompt gamma neutron activation analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. S. Ramanjaneyulu Y. S. Sayi T. Newton Nathaniel A. V. R. Reddy K. L. Ramakumar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(2):411-414
Boron concentration has been determined in groundwater samples, collected from Khuchch, Gujarat, India, by prompt gamma neutron
activation analysis (PGNAA) after selective separation and pre-concentration by solvent extraction with 10% 2-ethyl hexane
1,3-diol in CHCl3. Solvent extraction separation helped to eliminate the interfering elements in PGNAA determination of boron. The sensitivity
of PGNAA is found to be 18.83 cps/mg B based on the slope of a calibration plot obtained by carrying out measurements on synthetic
boric acid samples containing boron in the range of 30–150 μg. Detection limit of the method is 0.2 μg/g counted for 35,000
seconds at a sample size of 15 gram. The precision (relative standard deviation at 1σ level) and accuracy of the method is
5%. The analytical results of the present method agreed well with well-established spectrophotometric determination of boron
as boron-curcumin complex and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). 相似文献
2.
Paul RL 《The Analyst》2005,130(1):99-103
An instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA), located at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), has proven useful for the measurement of boron in a variety of materials. Neutrons, moderated by passage through liquid hydrogen at 20 K, pass through a (58)Ni coated guide to the PGAA station in the cold neutron guide hall of the NCNR. The thermal equivalent neutron fluence rate at the sample position is 9 x 10(8) cm(-2) s(-1). Prompt gamma rays are measured by a cadmium- and lead-shielded high-purity germanium detector. The instrument has been used to measure boron mass fractions in minerals, in NIST SRM 2175 (Refractory Alloy MP-35-N) for certification of boron, and most recently in semiconductor-grade silicon. The limit of detection for boron in many materials is <10 ng g(-1). 相似文献
3.
Hyun-Je Cho Yong-Sam Chung Young-Jin Kim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,264(3):701-705
Summary A prompt gamma activation analysis facility has been constructed on the ST1 horizontal beam port at the HANARO research reactor, KAERI in 2003. The detector system consists of a high-purity Ge detector surrounded by BGO/NaI(Tl) scintillators as an annulus type to reject the Compton scattered photons. Detection sensitivity for boron was obtained from the prompt gamma-ray spectra of boric acid, B(OH)3, containing 0.1-65 μg boron. The net peak for the calculation of the boron concentration was obtained by eliminating the sodium 472 keV peak, involved in the boron 478 keV peak. The biological samples used are NIST SRMs such as Peach Leaves, Apple Leaves, Tomato Leaves, Spinach Leaves, Total Diet, Typical Diet, Oyster Tissue and Corn Bran, etc. The measured values for high boron concentration showed up to a 3% of the relative, but in a low concentration below 5 ppm, present values were higher than the certified ones. 相似文献
4.
J. E. Riley Jr. R. M. Lindstrom 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1987,109(1):109-115
Major levels of boron in borosilicate glasses have been determined nondestructively by neutron activation analysis. In contrast to chemical methods for determining boron as a major component, the described nuclear method has few interferences and does not require chemical separation of boron prior to its quantitation. The effects of neutron self-shielding by boron (1 to 8% by weight) are examined, minimized by dilution of powdered samples with high purity graphite, and circumvented by comparative analyses. Results of the analysis of a series of glasses with increasing boron composition are 1.150±.005% and 7.766±.035% for the low and high members of the series. Accuracy of these results depends upon comparative analyses with the certified Standard Reference Material, SRM 93a (3.89±0.02% B). Once analyzed, the glasses are useful as secondary standards for alpha track counting, and also ion and electron microprobe analyses of glasses. 相似文献
5.
Stieghorst Christian Hampel Gabriele Karches Barbara Krenckel Patricia Kudějová Petra Plonka Christian Révay Zsolt Riepe Stephan Welter Katharina Wiehl Norbert 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,317(1):307-313
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - For the optimization of the manufacturing process of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) for solar cells in order to reduce energy consumption and... 相似文献
6.
T. Miura H. Matsue T. Kuroiwa K. Chiba 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(3):653-656
Prompt gamma activation analysis using a focused thermal neutron guided beam at JAEA JRR-3M was applied to the determination
of B in ceramic certified reference materials (BAM CRM S-003 Silicon Carbide Powder and NMIJ CRM 8004-a Silicon Nitride Powder).
Cl and Si were used as internal standards to obtain linear calibration curves of B. The analytical result of B in BAM CRM
S-003 was in good agreement with the certified value. The relative expanded measurement uncertainties (k = 2) were 4.8% for BAM CRM S-003 and 4.9% for NMIJ CRM 8004-a. 相似文献
7.
D. L. Perry G. A. English R. B. Firestone K. -N. Leung G. Garabedian G. L. Molnar Zs. Revay 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,276(1):273-277
Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze metal ion oxyanion materials that have multiple applications,
including medicine, materials, catalysts, and electronics. The significance for the need for accurate, highly sensitive analyses
for the materials is discussed in the context of quality control of end products containing the parent element in each material.
Applications of the analytical data for input to models and theoretical calculations related to the electronic and other properties
of the materials are discussed. 相似文献
8.
S. Ohde A. A. Ramos H. Ozaki H. Sawahata T. Okai 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,258(2):431-434
Boron in carbonate reference samples was measured by neutron-induced prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA) using cold and thermal neutron guide beams of the JRR-3M reactor. In order to determine B contents in marine carbonates, the Doppler-broadened -ray peak of 478 keV was used together with the correction of interference from Na-peak of 472 keV. We determined B in coral samples within 3% of analytical precision. The data obtained by the present method are mostly consistent with reported values. Here, we report PGA of B in marine carbonates. 相似文献
9.
Mossini Eros Revay Zsolt Camerini Andrea Giola Marco Magugliani Gabriele Macerata Elena Mariani Mario 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2022,331(7):3117-3123
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Elemental composition of non-irradiated nuclear grade graphite was determined by Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) to quantitively assess... 相似文献
10.
C. S. Park G. M. Sun S. H. Byun H. D. Choi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,265(2):283-286
Summary The new PGAA facility using diffracted neutron beam was developed in Korea. The basic characteristics of the facility were studied in detail. A general formalism of the k0 factor as extended to non-1/v absorber and arbitrary neutron spectrum was discussed and the actual data for Cd, Sm, Eu, Gd have been measured and determined successfully owing to the simple nature of the diffracted neutron spectrum. The k0 factors for B, N, Si, P, S and Cl were also determined and showed consistent results with previously reported ones. At an early stage, feasibility of boron concentration analysis and measurement of thermal neutron capture cross sections has been studied. The PGAA facility is now open to users. A considerable amount of beam time is already dedicated to studies on the elemental analysis. 相似文献
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Y. S. Chung J. H. Moon H. J. Cho H. R. Kim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,272(2):391-395
The determination of the hydrogen concentrations in coal and metal samples were investigated by using the PGAA system at the
HANARO Research Reactor, KAERI. The calibration curve of the hydrogen concentration was obtained from a standard sample and
the effects of the interference peaks near the gamma-energy region of hydrogen were investigated. The background in the hydrogen
peak of a prompt gamma-ray spectrum was measured for the sample chamber and shielding materials of an atmospheric state. The
combined uncertainties estimated for the analysis procedure were in the range of 4–5%. Two kinds of certified reference materials,
NIST SRM 1632c (Coal), NIST SRM 173c (Titaniumbase Alloy) and NIST SRM 2453 (Titanium Alloy) were used to verify the accuracy
and precision of the measurement. The relative error was in the range of 3–6% and the relative standard deviation were less
than 4%. 相似文献
14.
Carlos A. Rios Perez Justin D. Lowrey Steven Biegalski Mark R. Deinert 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(1):261-265
Developing a better understanding of xenon transport through porous systems is critical to predicting how this gas will enter
the atmosphere after a below ground nuclear weapons test. Radioxenon monitoring is a vital part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty (CTBT) International Monitoring System. This work details the development of prompt gamma activation analysis for measuring
the diffusion rates of xenon and argon gases through a porous medium. The University of Texas at Austin maintains a prompt
gamma activation analysis facility with a peak neutron flux of ~1.5 × 107 cm−2 s−1 and a beam diameter of 1 cm. Due to the relatively large prompt gamma cross sections of many stable xenon isotopes at thermal
and sub-thermal neutron energies, prompt gamma activation analysis is a suitable technique for in situ non-destructive analysis
of natural xenon. A test chamber has been designed and constructed to utilize prompt gamma activation analysis to measure
xenon and argon diffusion through geological materials (e.g., sand, soil, etc.). Initial experiments have been conducted to determine the detection limits for stable gas measurements.
The results from these experiments will be utilized to benchmark parts of a xenon transport model that is being used to determine
diffusion coefficients for xenon and argon. 相似文献
15.
L. Szentmiklósi Zs. Révay T. Belgya A. Simonits Z. Kis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(3):657-660
The off-line γ-counting of in-beam activated radionuclides has been explored to extend the detection capabilities of prompt
gamma activation analysis (PGAA). Such combination of the prompt measurement with a subsequent decay-counting is feasible
if radionuclides with half-lives of minutes or hours are produced in the sample during neutron irradiation. Thanks to the
simpler spectrum and the higher counting efficiency of decay counting, both selectivity and sensitivity can be improved. The
pros and cons of the proposed method have been demonstrated on a series of industry-related measurements. 相似文献
16.
Zs. Révay T. Belgya L. Szentmiklósi Z. Kis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(3):643-646
The PGAA facility at the Budapest Research Reactor has been continually upgraded and developed since its start-up in 1996,
as a result of which its performance has improved considerably. The installation of the cold neutron source, the partial change
to supermirror neutron guides and their realignment increased the flux by almost two orders of magnitude. The data acquisition
has been modernized as well; digital spectrometers were tested and implemented in novel forms of gamma-ray spectrum collection.
This year a higher-efficiency HPGe detector and a new data acquisition module were put into operation. Most recently all the
neutron guides were changed to supermirror-coated ones to further increase the neutron flux. The improved evaluation software
makes possible a more reliable elemental analysis of the samples. In this progress report these developments are critically
reviewed. The characteristics of the latest system are also described. It is the first time that a set of new partial gamma-ray
production cross sections are presented, which are based on the new intensity values of 14N(n,γ)15N calibration standard. 相似文献
17.
L. R. Cao J. R. Hattrick-Simpers R. Bindel B. E. Tomlin R. Zeisler R. Paul L. A. Bendersky R. G. Downing 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(1):63-68
Cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) was used to determine the mass of hydrogen in Mg hydride thin films with
varying hydrogenation times. The results suggest that hydrogenation of the Mg thin films remains unsaturated even after 48 h
of treatment, contrary to the indications of inferential hydrogen measurement methods. To demonstrate PGAA as an effective
combinatorial methodology for hydride thin films, a continuously varying composition gradient of thin MgyTi(1−y) hydride film with y ranging from 0.65 to 0.94 was prepared and analyzed by both PGAA and instrumental neutron activation
analysis (INAA). The variation in the molar ratio of Mg, Ti, and H was obtained for nine 5 mm wide segments of the film. 相似文献
18.
C. Yonezawa P. P. Ruska H. Matsue M. Magara T. Adachi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,239(3):571-575
Determination of ppm levels of B in 21 igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Japanese geochemical reference samples prepared
by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) has been performed by neutron-induced prompt γ-ray analysis (PGA) using cold and thermal
guided neutron beams of the JRR-3M. Owing to the Doppler broadened γ-ray line of B 478 keV, many elements such as Na, Ni,
Cl and so on showed spectral interference in the determination of B. The interference was corrected by computer fitting and
a reference peak method. The analytical results obtained by the present method almost agreed with the GSJ values recommended
in 1994 within the standard deviation of the recommended values. Sodium contents determined by the PGA in the reference rock
samples are also reported. 相似文献
19.
László Szentmiklósi Tamás Belgya Zsolt Révay Zoltán Kis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(2):501-505
The Budapest Research Reactor’s Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and Neutron-Induced Prompt gamma Spectroscopy (NIPS) facilities were significantly upgraded during the last few years. The higher neutron flux, achieved by the partial replacement and realignment of the neutron guides, made feasible the automation and specialization of the two experimental stations. A new neutron flux monitor, computer-controlled beam shutters and a low-level counting chamber have been put into operation to assist with in-beam activation experiments. An automatic sample changer has been installed at the PGAA station, while the NIPS station was redesigned and upgraded with a Compton suppressor to use for the non-destructive analysis of bulky samples. In the near future the latter setup will be completed with a neutron tomograph and a moving table, to turn it into a Neutron Radiography/Tomography-driven PGAA equipment. 相似文献
20.
L. Zhao L. Robinson E. A. Mackey R. L. Paul R. R. Greenberg 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(1):275-280
A previous study on the determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in cattail using cold neutron prompt gamma activation
analysis (CNPGAA) demonstrates that the results of numerous cattail samples showed favorable comparison to results from an
elemental analyzer (EA) for C and N. However, the results for P overestimated the results from a UV-VIS spectrophotometer
because of the interference of chlorine existing in cattail collected from an estuarine environment. To compare to CNPGAA,
a method for the determination of C, N, and P in cattail using thermal neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (TNPGAA) has
been developed in the TNPGAA facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and evaluated through the
analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs). 相似文献