二氧化硫-臭氧-气溶胶多波长差分吸收激光雷达同时观测

利用多波长差分吸收雷达同时观测Miyakejima(34°04′22″N,139°31′40″E)火山爆发在对流层产生的SO2、O3以及气溶胶。此观测技术通过合理选择激光波长对((288.83nm,289.83nm),(288.10nm,289.83nm))能消除观测数据中由于SO2、O3的吸收以及气溶胶散射导致的相互影响,提高观测精度。用波长对(288.10nm,289.83nm)测量O3的浓度,然后再用实测O3所产生的吸收矫正其对SO2观测(使用波长对(288.83nm,289.83nm))浓度的影响;气溶胶消光系数通过实测弱吸收波长回波信号(或由532nm的单波长回波信号)直接反演所得,并用来矫正气溶胶对SO2、O3观测产生的散射和消光误差;介绍了实验之前用于测试光路调试的定标误差分析,以及由于激光能量和实测大气的不稳定产生的统计误差。实测火山爆发产生的对流层二氧化硫的浓度高达45ppb,测量误差小于10ppb,远远大于通常情况下二氧化硫的本底浓度1ppb;长期观测对流层臭氧的浓度约为45ppb,在2000年冬季对臭氧进行了时间为半个月的连续观测,最高浓度达250ppb,该高浓度臭氧可能来自于平流层的传输,该数据有助于研究对流层顶与平流层底交接区的大气运动。     

紫外激光作用下环氧乙烷的TOF质谱研究

本文采用超声分子束技术,分别在308nm和355nm的紫外激光下,对环氧乙烷分子进行了多光子电离飞行时间(TOF)质谱研究.在308nm激光作用时,观测到C_2H_4O~+、C_2H_3O_+、CHO~+和CH_3~+等离子的信号;在355nm激光作用时,则没有观测到分子离子的信号.在两种激光作用下最强的信号都是CHO~+.但是两种激光下各碎片离子信号的光强指数有一定差别,表明在两种情形下,环氧乙烷分子经历了不同的电离解离过程.     

NaF和NaF：Mg^＋＋晶体色心光致电离研究

用337nm、380nm和510nm脉冲激光照射着色NaF和NaF:Mg~(++)晶体,皆能产生大量F_2~+心.在照射过的NaF:Mg~(++)晶体中,观测到了F_2~+ 心向(F_2~+)~*心的转型现象.     

春季辽东湾静止轨道海洋水色遥感产品的真实性检验

静止轨道海洋水色成像仪(GOCI)拥有高时间分辨率(1 h)和高空间分辨率(500 m×500 m)的观测优势。为了保证GOCI应用的可靠性,对其遥感产品进行检验极为重要。利用辽东湾春季航次观测数据,对4种二类水体大气校正算法[Korea Ocean Satellite Center(KOSC)校正算法、management unit mathematics models(MUMM)校正算法、紫外(UV)校正算法和近红外(NIR)校正算法]获得的GOCI遥感反射率产品及GOCI标准叶绿素浓度、悬浮物浓度遥感产品进行了真实性检验,并探讨了不同观测时相的稳定性。结果表明:KOSC算法在辽东湾具有最高的校正精度,各波段遥感反射率平均绝对百分比误差(APD)为27.16%(412 nm)、16.03%(443 nm)、13.73%(490 nm)、15.99%(555 nm)、12.83%(660 nm)、12.35%(680 nm)、27.68%(745 nm)、42.81%(865 nm);叶绿素浓度、悬浮物浓度产品的平均绝对百分比误差分别为29.75%和26.40%。相比于临近中午观测时的结果,GOCI早上和下午观测时反演的结果(包括遥感反射率、叶绿素浓度、悬浮物浓度)与实测值偏差显著增大。     

2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑的光谱特性

2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(简称HBI)是一类具有激发态质子转移效应的有机分子。观测了HBI分子在甲苯、甲苯与乙醇混合及乙醇三种溶液的吸收光谱,发现其吸收光谱相类似。用317 nm光激发,观测其荧光光谱,在甲苯溶液中只观测到一个荧光带,其峰值位于470 nm;在甲苯与乙醇的混合溶液及乙醇溶液的荧光光谱中,都观测到两个荧光带,其峰值分别位于370和450 nm。根据激发态质子转移理论可知,470 nm的荧光带是由激发态质子转移生成的互变异构体,即HBI酮式构型分子的发射,峰值位于370 nm的荧光带是HBI稀醇式构型分子的发射。由于乙醇具有较大的极性,可与HBI分子相互作用形成分子间氢键,即生成溶剂化物。当溶剂化物被激发,在激发态发生激发态质子转移生成两性离子,两性离子发射荧光回到基态。因此,在极性溶剂中HBI发射峰值位于450 nm的荧光带应归于两性离子的发射。当用532 nm强光激发HBI溶液时,发现HBI分子在非极性溶剂中无双光子效应,而在极性溶剂中却存在双光子效应,表明HBI的溶剂化物具有双光子效应。     

谱线漂移对星载成像光谱仪辐射测量精度的影响

分析了谱线漂移在地面辐射定标、星上辐射定标和在轨对地观测等环节对成像光谱仪辐射测量的影响,建立了从实验室辐射定标到星上辐射定标再到在轨对地观测全过程的辐射传递模型,并通过仿真分析求解了成像光谱仪入瞳处辐射测量不确定与谱线漂移之间的关系。结果表明,谱线漂移导致的辐射测量误差与谱线漂移量和入瞳辐亮度的分布梯度成正比;光谱带宽偏差对测量精度的影响程度较中心波长误差高一个数量级。对于可见近红外(VNIR)波段平均光谱带宽10 nm、短波红外(SWIR)波段平均光谱带宽20 nm的典型成像光谱仪,要保证谱线漂移引起的辐射测量不确定度小于6%,实现成像光谱仪在轨观测时入瞳处的辐射测量绝对精度优于10%,可见近红外波段中心波长偏差应不大于2 nm,光谱带宽偏差应不大于0.1 nm,短波红外波段中心波长偏差应不大于3 nm,光谱带宽偏差应不大于0.1 nm。     

Mn掺杂Zn-In-S量子点的制备及发光性质研究

制备了Mn掺杂Zn-In-S量子点并研究了Zn/In的量比和反应温度对其发光性质的影响。在Mn掺杂的Zn-In-S量子点的发光谱中观测到一个600 nm发光带。通过改变Zn/In的量比,掺杂量子点的吸收带隙可从3.76 e V(330 nm)调谐到2.82 e V(440 nm),但600 nm发光峰的波长只有略微移动。这些掺杂量子点的最长荧光寿命为2.14 ms。当反应温度从200℃增加到230℃时,掺杂量子点的发光强度增加并达到最大值;而继续升高温度至260℃时,发光强度迅速减弱。此外,测量了Mn掺杂Zn-In-S量子点的变温发光光谱。发现随着温度的升高,发光峰位发生蓝移,发光强度明显下降。分析认为,Mn掺杂Zn-In-S量子点的600 nm发光来自于Mn2+离子的4T1和6A1之间的辐射复合。     

红宝石晶体中慢光现象的实验观测

在室温下观测到了固体材料中的慢光现象。用氩离子激光(514.5nm)单光束入射到红宝石晶体中,用相干布居数振荡效应产生烧孔。利用光谱烧孔使介质折射率发生急剧变化,导致光的群速变慢。实验上观测的时延为(2.314±0.005)ms,推断光速值为(43.215±0.094)m／s,并观测到时延和光的群速随调制频率变化的规律。     

电流激发下ZnSxSe1-xMIS二极管中的自由激子发光

在77K下,研究了ZnSxSe1-xMIS二极管在正向直流激发下的激子发光行为.首次在直流电流密度(20-35mA/mm2)下,在高质量ZnSe(x=0)和ZnSxSe1-x(x=0.22)MIS二极管中观测到两个新发射带,对于ZnSe单晶,谱带峰值分别为447.9nm和450.0nm,对于ZnS0.22Se0.78单晶,谱带峰值分别为426.3nm和428.7nm.这一现象在通常的ZnSxSe1-x晶体中观测不到,仅在高质量ZnSxSe1-x单晶中检测到.文中根据它们的发光特征,把两个谱带的起因归于不同的激子散射.     

纳米Si/SiO2多层膜的结构表征及发光特性

采用等离子体化学气相沉积系统生长非晶硅薄膜并用原位等离子体氧化的方法制备出具有不同子层厚度的非晶Si/SiO₂多层膜,然后利用限制性晶化原理使非晶硅层晶化生成纳米硅。利用Raman、TEM等手段对薄膜结构进行了系统表征,在室温下观测到了光致发光信号,其发光峰峰位在750nm附近。进而在样品上下表面蒸镀电极,构建了电致发光原型器件并观测到了室温下的电致发光谱,开启电压约为6V,有两个明显的发光带,分别位于在650nm和520nm处。初步探讨了纳米硅及纳米硅/二氧化硅界面态对发光特性的影响。     

Doppler-free resonant two-photon transition for isotope separation

The Doppler-free two-photon transition by the use of two opposing laser beams makes the highly selective excitation of isotopic molecules possible. Saturation and pressure dependence of Doppler-free two-photon excitation with arbitrary amplitudes of the optical fields have been calculated and compared with those of the two-step transition and the single-photon transition. The result at the Doppler limit for low pressure gas reveals that the probability of the selective two-photon excitation with a moderate laser power can be larger than that of the single-photon excitation as well as that of the two-step excitation.     

Use of a single-mode fiber coupler for second-harmonic-generation microscopy

We present a compact second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscope based on a three-port single-mode fiber coupler. The fiber coupler is used to deliver a near-infrared ultrashort-pulsed laser beam as well as to collect the SHG signal in the visible wavelength range. The SHG microscope exhibits an axial resolution of 1.8 microm, which shows a slight enhancement of the optical sectioning effect compared with that for two-photon excitation at the same excitation wavelength. It is also demonstrated that SHG and two-photon fluorescence images under parallel and perpendicular laser excitation polarization can be simultaneously obtained.     

The features of nonlinear absorption during resonance one- and two-photon excitation of the basic exciton transition in colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

The features of the nonlinear absorption of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (colloidal solution) in the case of resonant one- and two-photon excitation of the basic exciton transition by powerful ultra-short laser pulses were determined. In one-photon excitation, with an increasing intensity of impulses, a decrease in absorption (bleaching) is relayed by an increase in absorption, which is associated with the process of the filling of the states (saturation) of a two-level system with the lifetime of the excited state depending on the light intensity. The arising Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction of the laser ray that pass through a colloidal solution with a high concentration of quantum dots is associated with the formation of the transparency channel and self-diffraction of laser ray on an induced diaphragm. In two-photon excitation, the features of the nonlinear absorption and luminescence tracks (the dependence of luminescence intensity on distance) were explained by the influence, in addition to the two-photon absorption, of the processes that are responsible for the slower growth of nonlinear absorption and luminescence quenching at high intensities of laser pulses.     

Simulating resonance-mediated two-photon absorption enhancement in rare-earth ions by a rectangle phase modulation

Improving the up-conversion luminescence efficiency of rare-earth ions via the multi-photon absorption process is crucial in several related application areas. In this work, we theoretically propose a feasible scheme to enhance the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption in Er~(3+) ions by shaping the femtosecond laser field with a rectangle phase modulation. Our theoretical results show that the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption can be decomposed into the on-resonant and near-resonant parts, and the on-resonant part mainly comes from the contribution of laser central frequency components, while the near-resonant part mainly results from the excitation of low and high laser frequency components.So, the rectangle phase modulation can induce a constructive interference between the two parts by properly designing the modulation depth and width, and finally realizes the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption enhancement. Moreover, our results also show that the enhancement efficiency of resonance-mediated two-photon absorption depends on the laser pulse width(or laser spectral bandwidth), final state transition frequency, and intermediate and final state absorption bandwidths. The enhancement efficiency modulation can be attributed to the relative weight manipulation of on-resonant and near-resonant two-photon absorption in the whole excitation process. This study presents a clear physical insight for the quantum control of resonance-mediated two-photon absorption in the rare-earth ions, and there will be an important significance for improving the up-conversion luminescence efficiency of rare-earthions.     

低强度飞秒激光激发下CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光上转换研究

利用400 nm和800 nm不同波长的低强度飞秒激光,对CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点溶胶进行激发,研究其稳态和时间分辨荧光性质.800 nm飞秒激光激发下,CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点产生上转换发光现象,上转换荧光峰与400 nm激发下的荧光峰相比蓝移最多达15 nm,而且蓝移值与荧光量子产率有关.变功率激发确认激发光功率与上转换荧光强度间满足二次方关系,时间分辨荧光的研究表明荧光动力学曲线服从双e指数衰减.提出表面态辅助的双光子吸收模型是低激发强度上转换发光的主要机理.CdTe和CdT 关键词： CdTe量子点 CdTe/CdS核壳量子点 时间分辨荧光 上转换荧光     

Polarization control of multi-photon absorption under intermediate femtosecond laser field

It has been shown that the femtosecond laser polarization modulation is a very simple and well-established method to control the multi-photon absorption process by the light–matter interaction. Previous studies mainly focused on the multiphoton absorption control in the weak field. In this paper, we further explore the polarization control behavior of multiphoton absorption process in the intermediate femtosecond laser field. In the weak femtosecond laser field, the secondorder perturbation theory can well describe the non-resonant two-photon absorption process. However, the higher order nonlinear effect(e.g., four-photon absorption) can occur in the intermediate femtosecond laser field, and thus it is necessary to establish new theoretical model to describe the multi-photon absorption process, which includes the two-photon and four-photon transitions. Here, we construct a fourth-order perturbation theory to study the polarization control behavior of this multi-photon absorption under the intermediate femtosecond laser field excitation, and our theoretical results show that the two-photon and four-photon excitation pathways can induce a coherent interference, while the coherent interference is constructive or destructive that depends on the femtosecond laser center frequency. Moreover, the two-photon and fourphoton transitions have the different polarization control efficiency, and the four-photon absorption can obtain the higher polarization control efficiency. Thus, the polarization control efficiency of the whole excitation process can be increased or decreased by properly designing the femtosecond laser field intensity and laser center frequency. These studies can provide a clear physical picture for understanding and controlling the multi-photon absorption process in the intermediate femtosecond laser field, and also can provide a theoretical guidance for the future experimental realization.     

Three-photon-induced fluorescence of diphenylhexatriene in solvents and lipid bilayers

We observed the emission of l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) when excited with the fundamental output of a fs Ti:sapphire laser at 860 nm. The emission spectra of DPH were identical to that observed for one-photon excitation at 287 nm. The dependence of the DPH emission intensity on laser power was cubic, indicating three-photon excitation of DPH at 860 nm. At a shorter wavelength of 810 nm, the dependence on laser power was quadratic, indicating a two-photon process. At an intermediate wavelength of 830 nm the mode of excitation was a mixture of two- and three-photon excitation. At 830 nm the anisotropy is no longer a molecular parameter, and the mode of excitation and anisotropy of DPH depends on laser power. Frequency-domain anisotropy decays of DPH in triacetin revealed the same rotational correlation times for two- and three-photon excitation. However, the time 0 anisotropy of DPH was larger for three-photon excitation than for two-photon excitation. Steady-state anisotropy data for DPH-labeled membranes revealed the same transition temperature for one- and three-photon excitation. These anisotropy data indicate that membrane heating was not significant with three-photon excitation and that three-photon excitation may thus be of practical usefulness in fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy of membranes.     

Two-color two-photon Rabi oscillation of biexciton in single InAs/GaAs quantum dot

A two-photon absorption resonance is observed when the sum-frequency of two laser pulses equals the creation energy of a biexciton in a single InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot. Resonant excitation of the two-color two-photon transition results in a coherent oscillation that is remarkably similar to a single-color two-photon Rabi oscillation of the crystal-ground to biexciton optical transition. A model explaining the coherent two-photon absorption is presented.     

Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence from a highly soluble polythiophene

Two-photon-induced fluorescence from a soluble polythiophene containing urethane side groups has been investigated using femto-second laser pulses at 800 nm. Strong two-photon fluorescence was measured in polymer solution. The quadratic dependence of the fluorescence on the excitation laser intensity confirmed the two-photon process. The measured two-photon absorption cross-section is larger as compared to those of other reported polythiophenes. This polymer can be readily hydrolyzed to yield a water soluble polythiophene which could be useful in biological imaging.     

CdTe量子点-铜酞菁复合体系荧光共振能量转移的研究

以波长为780 nm、重复频率为76 MHz、脉宽为130 fs的飞秒激光作为激发光源, 采用超快时间分辨光谱技术研究了CdTe量子点-铜酞菁复合体系的荧光共振能量转移. 实验结果表明, 在780 nm的双光子激发条件下, 复合体系中CdTe量子点的荧光寿命随着铜酞菁溶液浓度的增加而减少, 荧光共振能量转移效率增加. 同时也研究了激发功率对荧光共振能量转移效率的影响. 结果表明, 随着激发光功率的增加, 复合体系溶液中CdTe量子点的荧光寿命增加, 荧光共振能量转移效率减小, 其物理机理是因为高激发功率下的热效应和由双光子诱导的高阶激发态的跃迁. 当激发光功率为200 mW时, 双光子荧光共振能量转移效率为43.8%. 研究表明CdTe量子点-铜酞菁复合体系是非常有潜力的第三代光敏剂.