气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中涕灭威残留量

提出了气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中涕灭威残留量的分析方法。通过吸烟机抽吸捕集卷烟主流烟气总粒相物和主流烟气气相物后经甲醇萃取,所得萃取液中涕灭威及其代谢物通过过氧化氢氧化转化为涕灭威砜,再用二氯甲烷提取除去干扰,然后采用DB-1701弹性石英毛细管柱分离,脉冲火焰光度检测器检测,外标法定量。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.01μg·g~(-1),主流烟气总粒相物中涕灭威的回收率在99.0%～101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.7%～10.2%;主流烟气气相物中涕灭威的回收率在97.7%～99.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.4%～9.6%。     

卷烟烟气总粒相物中氟节胺含量的检测方法

建立了气相色谱电子捕获器法检测卷烟抽吸过程中氟节胺向主流烟气总粒相物中转移量的方法,卷烟在标准条件下抽吸,用剑桥滤片捕集主流烟气总粒相物,经乙腈提取、石墨碳黑固相萃取柱或自制混合层析柱净化、GC/ECD检测后,外标法定量.氟节胺在0.02 ～20 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为9.14×10-6 g/L.加标量为...     

卷烟主流烟气气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的分析研究

以二氯甲烷-甲醇为萃取溶剂,N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)为硅烷化试剂,采用配备氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)的气相色谱仪分别对卷烟主流烟气中气相物和总粒相物中甲酸、乙酸、硬脂酸等21种有机酸进行了定量分析。对样品主流烟气中气相物前处理硅烷化条件及有机酸萃取条件进行了优化,并采用气相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的含量进行了定量分析。该方法用于实际样品中挥发性有机酸分析时,回收率为88.12%～98.63%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.51%～8.38%。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的硫化氢

建立了测定卷烟主流烟气中硫化氢含量的离子色谱法.采用玻璃纤维滤片捕集卷烟烟气粒相物,并用0.5%(体积分数)乙二胺-50 mmol/L氢氧化钠-250 mmol/L乙酸钠溶液萃取粒相物,吸收液吸收气相物中的硫化氢,合并粒相萃取液与气相吸收液,经离子色谱柱分离,以1.5 mol/L氢氧化钠-1 mol/L乙酸钠-2%(体积分数)乙二胺(40∶50∶10,体积比)为流动相,安培检测器检测并施加-100 mv的检测电位.运用方法对12种市售卷烟样品进行了测定,结果表明:方法的线性范围为0.1~5.0μg/mL,检出限为1.03μg/mL,定量限为3.41μg/mL,回收率为102.3%~107.2%,相对标准偏差小于5%.方法处理简单、准确度高,可以用于卷烟烟气中硫化氢含量的测定.     

7种生物碱在不同粒径卷烟主流烟气气溶胶中的分布研究

建立了烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法,并采用电子低压撞击器(ELPI)分12级捕集烟气气溶胶粒相物,研究了卷烟主流烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱含量和浓度的粒径分布。捕集的气溶胶样品加入氢氧化钠溶液和二氯甲烷进行碱法提取,提取液经DB-5MS弹性毛细管柱分离,选择离子监测模式测定,内标法定量。结果表明:该法检测主流烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~6.4%,检出限为0.39~14.84 ng/cig,加标回收率为85.5%~124.8%。7种生物碱主要分布于0.144~0.722μm的中等粒径气溶胶粒相物中,在粒径0.431μm的粒相物中含量最高,与捕集的粒相物质量分布一致。7种生物碱在不同粒径气溶胶粒相物中的浓度基本趋于一致,其浓度随气溶胶粒径的分布无特异性。     

一种超临界流体色谱–气相色谱–质谱测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的方法

<正>申请公布号:CN106198796A申请公布日:2016.12.07申请人:云南中烟工业有限责任公司摘要本发明公开了一种超临界流体色谱(SFC)–气相色谱–质谱(GC–MS)测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的方法。本方法是在抽吸卷烟后,向捕集卷烟主流烟气总粒相物的滤片中加入内标物及环己烷溶液,超声提取后,萃取液用超临界流体色谱进行分离净化,切割含有苯并[a]芘的馏分再用GC–MS分析,根据目标物峰和同位素内标物峰的面积比定     

气相色谱-质谱法测定卷烟烟气中苯并[α]芘

卷烟主流烟气用剑桥滤片捕集总粒相物,然后用环己烷超声浸取总粒相物中苯并[α]芘。所得浸取液先经HP-5MS毛细管预柱(0.25mm×1.0mm,0.25μm)净化以保护分离柱和离子源,再经HP-5MS毛细管柱(0.25 mm×30mm,0.25μm)分离后,质谱测定。苯并[α]芘的质量浓度在4～640ng·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。方法的日内相对标准偏差(n=7)为2.1%,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%。按本法分析了5个卷烟样品,所得苯并[α]芘的测定结果与国标法测定结果一致。     

同时测定加热非燃烧卷烟主流烟气中14种酸味成分的方法

本发明公开了一种同时测定加热非燃烧卷烟主流烟气中14种酸味成分的方法,包括下列步骤:(1)用剑桥滤片捕集加热非燃烧卷烟主流烟气粒相物后,将剑桥滤片转入提取容器,加入丙酮溶液,再加入内标溶液进行震荡提取,取上清液加入衍生化试剂加热后得烟气样品;(2)采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC–MS)法对烟气样品进行检测,通过内标定量法检测出14种酸味成分含量。本发明采用溶剂萃取–GC–MS法,可同时测定加热非燃烧卷烟主流烟气中14种酸味成分的含量,具有快速检测、灵敏度高、选择性好、精确度高的优点;特别适用于测定加热非燃烧卷烟烟气中酸味成分的含量。     

主流烟气中挥发酚萃取的均匀设计法优化研究

本文运用均匀设计法,对卷烟主流烟气中挥发酚的萃取方法进行了优化研究.先用剑桥滤片捕集烟气总粒相物中的挥发酚,以1%的醋酸.水为萃取剂进行快速溶剂萃取(ASE),再用高效液相色谱分析主流烟气中七种挥发酚的含量.考察了静态萃取时间、冲洗体积、循环次数、加热温度等萃取条件对萃取效果的影响,确定了最佳理论萃取条件.结果显示:①7种挥发酚的实际萃取条件、测定含量分别与理论萃取条件基本吻合;②该法相对标准偏差为1.66%～3.44%,回收率97.3%～104.2%,检测限5.66～14.40 ng/支,与超声萃取结果相差不大.     

吸收瓶捕集-超高效液相色谱法测定卷烟侧流烟气中的酚类化合物

建立了室温条件下使用吸收瓶捕集卷烟侧流烟气中的酚类化合物,超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)分离和定量分析的方法。采用鱼尾罩、剑桥滤片收集侧流烟气粒相物,再用装有乙酸(1+99)溶液的吸收瓶捕集穿过剑桥滤片的气相成分,然后用乙酸(1+99)溶液超声萃取总粒相物与气相物,萃取液经过微孔滤膜后直接进行UPLC分析。该方法对侧流烟气中酚类化合物分析,样品回收率为95.2%~105.6%,检测限为4.56~20.47 ng/cig,RSD(n=5)为0.70%~9.2%,分析时间6 min。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。