光路自动准直快速调整数学模型研究

推演了用于计算机快速调整的巨型激光器光路自动准直控制数学模型,分析了ICF准直光路的光学特性及光路调整特点,据此求解出了准直控制的输入偏差量和输出控制量之间的数学模型.该模型在某大型激光装置的光路自动准直中得以实际应用,八路主放大级1～2程光路的准直时间＜3 min,3～4程光路的准直时间＜8 min,主放大级输出光束近场准直准确度优于0.3%,远场指向的准确度优于0.3″ RMS（均方根准确度）.     

4程放大光路自动准直系统研究

 激光束光路自动准直系统用于神光 Ⅲ原型装置光束精密准直。针对神光-Ⅲ原型的总体要求和主光路，结合光路自动准直的关键技术，充分考虑了其4程放大主空间滤波器的4个小孔空间分布和光学位置的特点，利用小孔像传递的原理，设计出一套优化、合理的4程放大的光路准直总体方案，并且在多程放大实验平台上得到了充分的验证和考核。     

离轴八程放大器自动准直技术研究

展示了基于离轴八程激光放大器的闭环自动准直技术研究,该项技术旨在用自动准直系统取代手动光路准直的方式,明显提高了该构型复杂的多程激光放大器的运行效率、准直精度与其输出光束质量。该技术利用主激光照明和像传递系统实现离轴八程激光放大器中滤波器小孔空间位置的精确标定,通过边缘检测处理远场光斑得到其指向中心。基于光斑中心与基准间的差值,对特定反射镜架进行二维控制进行光束指向补正,从而实现离轴八程放大器系统的闭环自动准直。研究结果表明,实验结果契合离轴八程放大器系统对光束准直准确率与效率的要求,验证了该准直技术在离轴八程激光放大光路中应用的可行性。     

多程放大腔镜准直研究

 针对高功率激光装置对多程放大器腔镜准直的要求,利用小孔的像传递和光路自动准直的原理,设计出一套创新的腔镜准直调整方法,并且在SG-Ⅲ原型装置4程放大模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明：自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成主放大级系统的光路调整,光束近场调整精度值小于近场光斑直径的0.5%,光束远场调整精度小于0.3"。     

Automatic crystal centring procedure at the SSRF macromolecular crystallography beamline

X‐ray diffraction is a common technique for determining crystal structures. The average time needed for the solution of a protein structure has been drastically reduced by a number of recent experimental and theoretical developments. Since high‐throughput protein crystallography benefits from full automation of all steps that are carried out on a synchrotron beamline, an automatic crystal centring procedure is important for crystallographic beamlines. Fully automatic crystal alignment involves the application of optical methods to identify the crystal and move it onto the rotation axis and into the X‐ray beam. Crystal recognition has complex dependencies on the illumination, crystal size and viewing angles due to effects such as local shading, inter‐reflections and the presence of antifreezing elements. Here, a rapid procedure for crystal centring with multiple cameras using region segment thresholding is reported. Firstly, a simple illumination‐invariant loop recognition and classification model is used by slicing a low‐magnification loop image into small region segments, then classifying the loop into different types and aligning it to the beam position using feature vectors of the region segments. Secondly, an edge detection algorithm is used to find the crystal sample in a high‐magnification image using region segment thresholding. Results show that this crystal centring method is extremely successful under fluctuating light states as well as for poorly frozen and opaque samples. Moreover, this crystal centring procedure is successfully integrated into the enhanced Blu‐Ice data collection system at beamline BL17U1 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility as a routine method for an automatic crystal screening procedure.     

四程放大自动准直系统数学模型研究

针对高功率激光装置四程放大系统的特点,利用矩阵光学原理,建立了四程放大准直系统的数学模型;基于此模型,设计了四程放大系统的准直调整方案;得出了近、远场偏移量与调整量关系的解析解. 关键词： 激光技术 光束准直 四程放大     

图像处理在光路自动准直系统中的应用

光路自动准直系统应用于惯性约束聚变的高功率激光装置中的光束自动调整。图像处理是光路自动准直的关键技术之一。针对神光Ⅲ原型装置,结合阈值化、重心法、中值滤波和圆拟合等多种不同的图像处理方法设计了一套合理的准直方案,并且在模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,光路自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成光路的自动调整,光束近场调整精度优于近场光斑的±0.5%,光束远场调整精度≤±0.3″,满足了原型装置的总体要求。     

神光Ⅱ第九路光路自动准直系统研究

光路自动准直系统应用于惯性约束聚变的高功率激光装置中。针对神光Ⅱ第九路装置,设计了一套可行的准直方案,并在装置上进行了实验。实验结果表明,自动准直系统能够在15minSq顺利完成光路的自动调整,小口径近场调整准直精度小于±0．5mm,大口径近场调整准直精度小于±1．0mm,远场准直精度小于±1”,满足了装置的设计要求。     

用于激光核聚变装置的光路自动准直

介绍了用于激光核聚变装置光路自动准直系统，讨论了光束位置探测器，激光器，微机等技术问题。实验结果是自动光轴调整精度为光束直径的±１％。     

高功率激光驱动器光束自动准直目标定位算法

为满足高功率激光驱动器光束自动准直的高精度和实时性要求,提出了一种快速高精度的自动准直目标定位算法。首先利用变结构元广义数学形态学边缘检测算法在充分提取图像边缘细节信息的同时抑制图像噪声的影响,然后采用拉格朗日多项式插值算法对圆目标轮廓进行快速亚像素定位,最后利用最小二乘拟合以及几何形心拟合的方法实现图像中光斑目标中心的精确定位。该算法在神光Ⅱ升级装置的光路自动准直中得以验证,实验结果表明八路预放光路准直时间小于3 min,主放光路准直时间小于7 min,主放输出光束近场准直准确度优于0.2%,远场指向准确度优于0.2(RMS)。     

脉冲激光诱导光纤损伤的测试方法

 针对传能光纤的高峰值功率激光损伤过程,研究了光纤损伤测试方法。实验装置搭建中增加了定位孔,有利于激光注入光纤对准;分别采用刀口法和CCD法对入射光束不同截面处光斑大小进行了测量,两种方法的测量结果基本一致。参考GJB1487-92激光光学元件测试方法和ISO11245光学表面的激光诱导损伤阈值测试方法,采用N-ON-1损伤测试和有效光斑面积计算方法对芯径为400 μm的石英包层阶跃折射率石英光纤进行了损伤阈值测试。实验发现：光纤损伤部位全部为入射端面,利用200倍显微镜观察光纤端面,出现明显永久性损伤点。最后采用统计学原理和线性拟合等方法得出测试光纤的端面零概率损伤阈值为3.85 GW/cm²。     

利用双折射透镜组实现激光束空间整形

为了提高惯性约束聚变高功率激光系统的整体效率和充分利用光能,需要将高斯分布的光束整形为空间均匀分布的平顶光束。本文从球面透镜的琼斯矩阵出发,利用光学传输矩阵对双折射透镜组空间光束整形系统进行了理论分析,数值模拟了整形效果,讨论了透镜组参量的选择以及中心加工厚度误差等因素带来的影响,并对该系统进行了实验研究。在实验中,利用该双折射透镜组整型系统实现了光束的均匀化输出。在神光Ⅱ第九路中,在近场静态工作条件下,可将光束填充因子从原来的66%提高到80%。     

包含波面校正的四程放大系统的准直问题研究

为了解决高功率激光系统中, 尤其是多程放大系统中波前畸变校正和光路准直之间的相互干扰问题, 针对包含自适应光学系统的四程放大系统, 利用菲涅耳衍射积分理论, 建立了310 mm×310 mm大口径光束的四程传输模型, 采用坐标扩展变换的方法解决了传统计算中同时需求近、远场高分辨率带来的计算量过大问题; 基于此模型, 比较了质心法、圆拟合法和纯相位匹配滤波等三种图像处理算法对存在波面差的光束的远场中心的处理精度; 分析了波面校正对焦斑位置的影响; 本文内容为四程放大系统准直调整方案的优化提供了重要依据. 关键词： 光束准直 坐标扩展变换 自适应光学 四程放大     

激光核聚变装置中基于像传递的激光自动准直技术研究

基于像传递的激光自动准直技术是提高准直准确度、增加稳定性的好方法。本文在理论上用两快速傅里叶变换（ＦＦＴ）分析了准直中基于像传递的近远场信号对图像处理影响。在光束近无场像面上引入十字叉丝并以“神光”装置的某一级空间滤波器为例,计算出光束直径一定时合适的十字叉丝尺寸;最后通过实验确定了基于像传递的自动直技术的具体实现系统。     

Optimal alignment sensing of a readout mode cleaner cavity

Critically coupled resonant optical cavities are often used as mode cleaners in optical systems to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a signal that is encoded as an amplitude modulation of a laser beam. Achieving the best SNR requires maintaining the alignment of the mode cleaner relative to the laser beam on which the signal is encoded. An automatic alignment system that is primarily sensitive to the carrier field component of the beam will not, in general, provide optimal SNR. We present an approach that modifies traditional dither alignment sensing by applying a large amplitude modulation on the signal field, thereby producing error signals that are sensitive to the signal sideband field alignment. When used in conjunction with alignment actuators, this approach can improve the detected SNR; we demonstrate a factor of 3 improvement in the SNR of a kilometer-scale detector of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. This approach can be generalized to other types of alignment sensors.     

Characteristics of the synchronization method of the generator-amplifier system based on copper vapor lasers

A system “reference generator — spatial filter-collimator — power amplifier based on copper vapor laser” is considered. The proposed system is adapted for microprocessing and provides production of a high-quality laser beam with a divergence of θ = 0.09 mrad, pulse duration of 20 ns, and an average power of 20 W. The possibility is shown to obtain any preset sequence of pulses during processing.     

Stoßausrichtung in Molekularstrahlen

Collision alignment has been found in a beam of thermal Gallium atoms of² P _3/2-state emerging from an oven through a channel being wide compared with mean free path inside the oven and narrow compared with that one outside. Alignment effect is ascribed to “loss impacts” in the channel and the difference in scattering cross section for states of different orientation having been the subject of a previous paper. Calculation of the effect in linear approximation is discussed together with experimental data.     

细光束在钝锥体外流场中的追迹

飞行的钝锥体外流场在密度分布上具有强烈非均匀性,这将导致其传输的细光束在远场靶面上产生偏移,从而影响其光学探测系统的作用精度。探讨并给出了任意折射率分布介质中的光线追迹方法。利用该方法对钝锥体外流场中的细光束路径进行了计算。计算结果表明：在所选位置上,锥体外流场对光线的出射角有明显的影响,但不是特别剧烈;当钝锥体表面加冷却源后,流场密度梯度变化加大,光束出射角的脱靶量明显加大。校正外流场为分析钝锥体上光学系统引入的目标脱靶量提供参考依据。     

Proton beam writing of Nd:GGG crystals as new waveguide laser sources

Focused proton beam writing has been utilized to fabricate optical channel waveguides in Nd:GGG crystals. The 1?MeV proton beam irradiation creates a local modified region with positive refractive index changes at the end of the proton trajectory, in which the channel waveguide could confine the light field in a symmetric way. Room-temperature laser emission has been achieved at 1063.7?nm, with absorbed pump power of 61?mW (at 808?nm). The obtained slope efficiency of the Nd:GGG waveguide laser system is as high as 66%, which is, to our best knowledge, the highest value for integrated lasers from ion beam processed channel waveguide systems.     

Numerical simulation of ions acceleration and extraction in cyclotron DC-110

In Flerov’s Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of JINR in the framework of project “Beta” a cyclotron complex for a wide range of applied research in nanotechnology (track membranes, surface modification, etc.) is created. The complex includes a dedicated heavy-ion cyclotron DC-110, which yields intense beams of accelerated ions Ar, Kr and Xe with a fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/A. The cyclotron is equipped with external injection on the base of ECR ion source, a spiral inflector and the system of ions extraction consisting of an electrostatic deflector and a passive magnetic channel. The results of calculations of the beam dynamics in measured magnetic field from the exit of spiral inflector to correcting magnet located outside the accelerator vacuum chamber are presented. It is shown that the design parameters of ion beams at the entrance of correcting magnet will be obtained using false channel, which is a copy of the passive channel, located on the opposite side of the magnetic system. Extraction efficiency of ions will reach 75%.