多束部分相干光抑制光强闪烁效应的仿真实验研究

为了有效抑制激光大气传输过程中引起的闪烁效应,本文围绕照明光束相干性与闪烁指数关系展开研究。首先,明确闪烁效应产生机理,建立与光束相干性相关的数学模型。然后,采用偏振分光元件将出射激光分为4束,并破坏其相干性。在此基础上,以随机相位屏为核心元件构建大气湍流仿真实验装置,评估不同光束相干性条件下的远场光斑闪烁指数。实验结果表明,4束光照明的光斑闪烁指数比单光束照明降低了75%。理论分析及实验结果均证明了多束部分相干光在抑制光强闪烁效应方面的有效性。     

采用投影光学估计弱起伏条件下的大气闪烁指数

在远场散斑投影成像系统上整合大气闪烁指数测量功能,有助于全面分析激光大气传输特性及其对光电系统性能的影响。但是在大口径接收时,大气闪烁会因孔径平滑效应而变得微弱,光源稳定性引起的强度起伏会更为明显。针对这一问题,基于光源强度起伏和大气闪烁的乘性调制假设,建立了考虑光源强度起伏的大气闪烁指数的测量模型。利用光源强度起伏不随孔径变化而大气闪烁随孔径变化这一差异性,通过投影光学在同一时刻测量两个不同接收孔径上的光强闪烁,结合弱起伏条件下的孔径平滑因子来求解测量模型,从而分别估计大气闪烁指数和光源强度闪烁指数。实验结果表明,在孔径0.05m至0.4m之间,实测值和理论估计值的最大相对误差小于9.685%,理论模型与实验符合度较高。采用该方法可以在投影光学上实现弱起伏条件下的大气闪烁指数估计。     

采用投影光学估计弱起伏条件下的大气闪烁指数

在远场散斑投影成像系统上整合大气闪烁指数测量功能,有助于全面分析激光大气传输特性及其对光电系统性能的影响。但是在大口径接收时,大气闪烁会因孔径平滑效应而变得微弱,光源稳定性引起的强度起伏会更为明显。针对这一问题,基于光源强度起伏和大气闪烁的乘性调制假设,建立了考虑光源强度起伏的大气闪烁指数的测量模型。利用光源强度起伏不随孔径变化而大气闪烁随孔径变化这一差异性,通过投影光学在同一时刻测量两个不同接收孔径上的光强闪烁,结合弱起伏条件下的孔径平滑因子来求解测量模型,从而分别估计大气闪烁指数和光源强度闪烁指数。实验结果表明,在孔径0.05 m至0.4 m之间,实测值和理论估计值的最大相对误差小于9.685%,理论模型与实验符合度较高。采用该方法可以在投影光学上实现弱起伏条件下的大气闪烁指数估计。     

湍流中漫射目标偏振部分相干激光的闪烁特性

采用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和矩阵光学理论,研究了湍流大气中偏振部分相干激光波束从发射机到目标和从目标到接收机双程路径的闪烁特性。将产生任意偏振光束的琼斯矩阵和ABCD传输矩阵进行结合,围绕接收机处波场四阶矩展开推导,得出双程路径下偏振部分相干激光波束在接收机处的闪烁指数表达式,数值分析了大气折射率结构常数、激光波束的波长、束宽、相干长度对接收机处光强闪烁指数的影响。结果表明:偏振部分相干激光波束的闪烁指数随着目标与发射机之间距离呈现先增大、到达峰值后逐渐减小的变化趋势;相干性差的光束产生的闪烁指数小,相干长度微小的变化将会产生较大的闪烁指数变化,相干性好的光束产生较大的闪烁指数,但是相干长度的变化对闪烁指数的影响很小。     

湍流中漫射目标偏振部分相干激光的闪烁特性

采用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和矩阵光学理论,研究了湍流大气中偏振部分相干激光波束从发射机到目标和从目标到接收机双程路径的闪烁特性。将产生任意偏振光束的琼斯矩阵和ABCD传输矩阵进行结合,围绕接收机处波场四阶矩展开推导,得出双程路径下偏振部分相干激光波束在接收机处的闪烁指数表达式,数值分析了大气折射率结构常数、激光波束的波长、束宽、相干长度对接收机处光强闪烁指数的影响。结果表明：偏振部分相干激光波束的闪烁指数随着目标与发射机之间距离呈现先增大、到达峰值后逐渐减小的变化趋势;相干性差的光束产生的闪烁指数小,相干长度微小的变化将会产生较大的闪烁指数变化,相干性好的光束产生较大的闪烁指数,但是相干长度的变化对闪烁指数的影响很小。     

激光在湍流大气中传输的闪烁系数及其测量

 理论研究了激光光束经过湍流大气后闪烁系数的变化规律,以ARM7的嵌入式系统构建数据采集模块,在采集激光光强因为大气湍流影响而变化的数据的基础上对存储的数据使用闪烁系数数学模型进行运算,运算结果通过网络传输,由PC端的界面显示变化曲线,从而了构造一个可以感测大气湍流的远程探测系统。用转动的相位板模拟湍流大气,利用所开发的测试系统测量激光光束通过湍流大气后的闪烁系数。实验结果显示高斯光束在湍流大气中的闪烁系数随传输距离的增加而增大,与理论模拟结果基本相符。由此可见该系统工作可靠稳定,可实时测量激光光束经过湍流大气的闪烁系数。     

激光通信中大气闪烁引起探测噪声的计算机模拟

大气瑞流效应是光通信系统中不可忽视的一个重要问题，主要表现为大气闪烁，光束抖动、光束漂移等，这些现象都给探测系统带来附加噪声，使系统的接收灵敏度下降，本文主要讨论激光大气传输中强度闪烁效应（大气闪烁效应）的理论基础，以及强度闪烁的计算机模拟。     

复杂传播路径条件下激光光强起伏特性研究

对复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光强度起伏进行了系统的实验观测,分析了光强起伏统计特征的周日及全年变化规律。结果发现：复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光光强起伏,不论是概率密度分布还是其功率谱等统计特征均与理论上的偏离很大。     

Influence of non-kolmogorov turbulence on intensity fluctuations in laser satellite communication

Satellite laser communication holds the potential for high-bandwidth communication, but the atmosphere can significantly affect the capability of this type of communication systems for satellite-toground and ground-to-satellite data links to transfer information consistently and operate effectively. Usually the influence of atmosphere on satellite laser communication is investigated based on the Kolmogorov turbulence model. However, both increasing experimental evidence and theoretical investigations have shown that the Kolmogorov theory is sometimes incomplete to describe the atmospheric statistics properly, in particular, in some portions of the atmosphere. Considering a non-Kolmogorov turbulent power spectrum with power law −5 that describes the refractive-index fluctuations in the atmosphere above 6 km, we calculate the scintillation index of a lowest-order Gaussian-beam wave under the weak-fluctuation condition. Then, considering a combined power spectrum of refractiveindex fluctuations and using the expression obtained, we analyze the joint influence of the Kolmogorov turbulence from the ground to 6 km and non-Kolmogorov turbulence above 6 km on the scintillation indices of laser beams used in ground-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground laser communication links. We show that the scintillation index in satellite laser communication is equal to the sum of the scintillation indices induced by the Kolmogorov turbulence from ground to 6 km and that caused by the non-Kolmogorov turbulence above 6 km. Also we investigate variations of the scintillation index with the beam radius on the transmitter, wavelength, the radial distance, and zenith angle. Finally, comparing the scintillation index induced by these two turbulences with the conventional results, we show that the scintillation index induced by these two turbulences is a bit smaller than the conventional results.     

Study of Scintillation for Infrared Laser Beam Propagating in Atmospheric Turbulence on Earth-Space Paths

On earth-space paths, by applying a modification of the Rytov method that incorporates spatial frequency filter function under strong atmosphere fluctuation conditions, a tractable model is developed for the scintillation index of infrared laser Gaussian beam wave that is valid under moderate-to-strong irradiance fluctuations. At Infrared band, based on ITU-R C ² _n model, the scintillation indexes for collimation laser beam are predicted by this analytic model. The results agree with theoretic expected scintillation. This scintillation model can be converted into a plane or a sphere wave scintillation index model on earth-space paths, and also reduced to a Gaussian beam wave model on horizontal sight paths of invariable C ² _n.     

激光大气闪烁的间歇特征

 以小波变换法观察了湍流大气中激光光强起伏的间歇特征, 并用奇性测度进行了定量的描述。根据间歇性参量的周日变化规律发现：激光大气闪烁的间歇性存在于所有的时间和起伏条件下,并且保持稳定,间歇性参量约为0.1,基本不随起伏条件和时间变化。     

差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型的研究

差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型是研究差分吸收激光雷达系统的基础,但是现有的统计模型中均没有考虑大气湍流导致的激光闪烁对回波信号的影响。针对已有统计模型的缺陷和应用需要,综合考虑了大气湍流导致的激光闪烁、目标反射斑纹、接收噪声以及发射功率波动对回波信号统计特性的影响,提出了一种改进的长程差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型,分析了该模型的统计特性。仿真结果表明大气湍流导致的激光闪烁对回波信号统计特性的影响十分显著,同时也验证了该统计模型比已有统计模型更精确、更符合实际。     

激光大气闪烁的间歇特征

以小波变换法观察了湍流大气中激光光强起伏的间歇特征, 并用奇性测度进行了定量的描述。根据间歇性参量的周日变化规律发现：激光大气闪烁的间歇性存在于所有的时间和起伏条件下,并且保持稳定,间歇性参量约为0.1,基本不随起伏条件和时间变化。     

Intensity fluctuations of partially coherent laser beam arrays in?weak atmospheric turbulence

The intensity fluctuation of a partially coherent laser beam array is examined. For this purpose, the on-axis scintillation index at the receiver plane is analytically formulated via the extended Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral in conditions of weak atmospheric turbulence. The effects of the propagation length, number of beamlets, radial distance, source size, wavelength of operation and coherence level on the scintillation index are investigated for a horizontal propagation path. It is found that, regardless of the number of beamlets, the scintillation index always rises with an increasing propagation length. If laser beam arrays become less coherent, the scintillation index begins to fall with growing source sizes. Given the same level of partial coherence, slightly less scintillations will occur when the radial distance of the beamlets from the origin is increased. At partial coherence levels, lower scintillations are observed for larger numbers of beamlets. Both for fully and partially coherent laser beam arrays, scintillations will drop on increasing wavelengths.     

实际大气中激光强度起伏的全年统计特征

对实际湍流大气中的激光强度起伏了系统的实验观测,详细分析了光强起伏的强度概率密度分布与功率谱的统计特征及春周日,全年变化规律。同时分析了探测器件的饱和铲应结果的影响。     

INNER AND OUTER SCALE EFFECTS ON SCINTILLATION INDEX FOR AN INFRARED LASER PROPAGATING ON EARTH-SPACE PATHS

The effects of the inner-and outer-scale of turbulent atmosphere on the scintillation index for an infrared laser beam propagating through atmospheric turbulence are discussed under the assumption that small-scale irradiance fluctuation is modulated by large-scale irradiance fluctuation on Earth-space paths. A model about the scintillation index with the inner-and outer-scale is developed. A numerical analysis is done by using this model. It is shown that the effect of the inner scale on scintillation index is larger than the outer scale effect for the lesser wavelength wave at visible and infrared band. From moderate to saturation regime, the inner scale effect becomes gradually small; however, the outer scale effect becomes gradually obvious. Under moderate to strong regime, therefore, the effects of the inner-and outer-scale on scintillation index must be considered for theoretical prediction scintillation of an infrared laser beam propagating through turbulent atmosphere on Earth-space paths.     

Yb∶YAG超快闪烁晶体研究进展与展望

Yb3+离子掺杂YAG晶体(Yb∶YAG)作为一种性能优良的激光晶体已广泛应用于高效、高功率激光领域。最新研究表明,Yb∶YAG晶体响应时间可达0.411 ns,其优良的超快闪烁特性在超快脉冲辐射探测、惯性约束核聚变、空间辐射探测、核反应动力学等领域的应用引起了广泛关注,使得Yb∶YAG晶体成为超快闪烁材料研究的热点。关于Yb∶YAG的闪烁特性,文章在系统介绍Yb∶YAG作为超快闪烁晶体研究进展和发光机理的基础上,归纳总结了掺杂种类、浓度、后处理工艺、辐照、格位尺寸大小、温度等对Yb∶YAG晶体闪烁性能的影响。然后,针对Yb∶YAG目前存在的问题,给出相应的解释并提出通过离子共掺调控来改善其闪烁性能的方法。最后,对Yb∶YAG超快闪烁晶体未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Statistical measurements of irradiance fluctuations produced by a reflective membrane optical scintillator—II Application to an incoherent broadband source

Atmospheric scintillation of an incoherent broadband source has been physically simulated in the laboratory using a reflective membrane optical scintillator (RMOS). The RMOS has been shown previously to be effective with a HeNe laser source. The results with the broadband source are analysed with standard models used to represent scintillation statistics and it is shown that scintillation behaviour can be produced with the RMOS device and an incoherent broadband, divergent source.     

激光大气闪烁的小波频谱分析

激光对数光强起伏的快速傅里叶变换功率谱的无标度区间的标度指数在许多情况下很不稳定,并且超出了理论界限,因而本文引入了离散小波变换（ＤＷＴ）频谱分析。通过对１／ｆ信号的快速傅里叶变换频谱和离散小波换频谱的对比分析,验证了离散小波变换频谱分析的优越性。激光大气闪烁的离散小波变换频谱的无标度区间的标度指数在一天内（除日出后和日落前两段时间外）的变化比较稳定,并且超出理论界限。这此结果表明,对于一般在大气     

激光在湍流大气中传输的闪烁系数及其测量

理论研究了激光光束经过湍流大气后闪烁系数的变化规律,以ARM7的嵌入式系统构建数据采集模块,在采集激光光强因为大气湍流影响而变化的数据的基础上对存储的数据使用闪烁系数数学模型进行运算,运算结果通过网络传输,由PC端的界面显示变化曲线,从而了构造一个可以感测大气湍流的远程探测系统。用转动的相位板模拟湍流大气,利用所开发的测试系统测量激光光束通过湍流大气后的闪烁系数。实验结果显示高斯光束在湍流大气中的闪烁系数随传输距离的增加而增大,与理论模拟结果基本相符。由此可见该系统工作可靠稳定,可实时测量激光光束经过湍流大气的闪烁系数。