电子自旋共振(ESR)技术在生物和医学中的应用

电子自旋共振(electron spin resonance,ESR)是检测自由基最直接最有效的方法,是自由基生物学和医学不可缺少的重要研究技术. 作者综述了ESR、自旋标记、自旋捕集和ESR 成像技术的最新发展及ESR技术在细胞膜、蛋白质结构和一些重大疾病如心脏病、老年痴呆症、帕金森综合症和中风等疾病研究及辐射损伤和植物疾病研究中的应用.     

纳米NiAl的电子自旋共振研究

对纳米NiAl样品进行电子自旋共振(ESR)研究时发现晶粒尺寸效应产生的非磁-磁性转变.大块多晶NiAl合金的没有ESR信号,只有很弱的Pauli顺磁性.而粒径为8.6nm的纳米NiAl样品的ESR信号,随温度的增高而显著下降,其居里温度T_C为124K,在室温下ESR信号很弱.8.6nm的纳米NiAl样品经550℃和707℃退火处理后得到粒径分别为12nm和21nm的两个样品,它们在室温下都有较强的ESR信号,并能够被永磁体吸起。多晶NiAl合金与纳米NiAl之间存在非磁-磁性转变,     

碳纳米管的电子自旋共振研究

在直流碳弧法中,用氦气氛和气氛制备碳纳米管,在７７０℃下将阴极沉积物氧化至原重量的１％,得到纯的碳纳米管,测量不同气氛及压强下制备的碳纳米管的室温电子自旋共振说,讨论了不同惰性气氛及压强对所制备碳管的ＥＳＲ谱线型,ｇ因子,线宽的影响。     

西洋参60Co辐照损伤的ESR观测

用电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱技术对受⁶⁰Co辐照后的西洋参样品进行了较长时间的跟踪观测,发现γ辐射在西洋参内产生两种或两种以上的不稳定自由基,井测定了它们的衰减速率常数;当照射剂量过大时,还将出现异常稳定的自由基.这表明在西洋参内产生了永久性损伤.     

TE011腔使用扁平样品管提高水溶液样品ESR波谱灵敏度的研究

实验表明,在TE₀₁₁模式园柱形腔中,不但可以使用扁平样品管测量水溶液样品的ESR波谱,而且获得好的腔品质因子Q和高品质的ESR信号。所观察到的信号高度,是使用最佳尺寸毛细管样品时最大信号高度的3.2倍;又是在具有波导尺寸的TE₁₀₂腔中使用扁平样品管时所获得信号高度的3倍。本文对此作了定性的理论分析。     

锁相检测X波段电子自旋共振仪的研制

阐述了研制锁相检测Ｘ波段电子自旋共振谱仪的设计思想、成功经验及良好的实验效果     

二茂铁基化合物的ESR研究进展

二茂铁基化合物因具有独特的氧化还原、电、光、磁和催化性能,而被广泛研究与应用.电子自旋共振(ESR)技术是观察物质顺磁性最直接的手段,在研究二茂铁基化合物的电子结构、电子转移和分子间相互作用等方面具有独特的优势.ESR技术还具有灵敏度高、样品处理简单、直接检测不破坏样品等优点.该文综述了二茂铁基化合物的ESR研究进展.     

聚四氟乙烯的辐射效应及其ESR研究

该文回顾了从上世纪50年代中期至近年来人们在聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）辐射效应方面的研究工作,初步总结了辐射PTFE产生的自由基及其相应的过氧化自由基的电子自旋共振（ESR）波谱学应用研究,总结并讨论了实验温度、辐射剂量、PTFE粉末形式、结晶度和交联等因素对辐射PTFE自由基ESR信号的影响. 同时还简要介绍了辐射PTFE后的自由基反应以及辐射交联的进展情况.     

烯烃聚合催化剂的ESR研究进展

很多烯烃聚合催化剂都含有过渡金属离子. 由于很多过渡金属离子存在未成对电子,ESR可以检测这些含有未成对电子的过渡金属离子,所以ESR检测技术可以被用于聚烯烃催化剂的研究. 该文综述了近年来ESR技术在烯烃聚合催化剂表征领域的研究进展,根据不同过渡金属分类讨论,主要涉及了Ti、Ni、V、Cr等几种常见的过渡金属催化剂的ESR研究.     

链接琥珀酰亚胺的线性硝酮的合成与ESR研究

该文设计并合成一种新的线性硝酮自由基捕获探针DSC-PBN(N-(4-(((2,5-dioxopy-rrolidin-1-yloxy)-carbonyloxy)methyl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropan-2-N-oxide),并采用UV、MS、1H NMR等一系列手段表征分子结构.进一步通过自由基捕获实验显示,DSC-PBN可与多种活泼自由基反应生成稳定的氮氧自由基加合物,且所得ESR谱图易于解析和分辨.由于DSC-PBN自由基捕获探针链接琥珀酰亚胺基团,可望通过与蛋白质(或多肽)N端的共价键合而应用于生物体系自由基分析.     

Spin concentration in a possible ESR dosimeter: An electron spin echo study on X-irradiated ammonium tartrate

Several single crystals and powder samples of ammonium tartrate, recently proposed as a possible ESR dosimeter, have been X-irradiated with different doses. The total radical concentration has been determined by quantitative cw ESR, by comparison with a standard. The samples have been studied by electron spin echo spectroscopy. The two-pulse echo decay has been obtained and simulated by a single exponential function for different values of the microwave power of the pulses and for different pulse lengths. The dependence of the phase memory time TM on the microwave power has been exploited to get information on the contribution of the instantaneous diffusion to spin dephasing. At room temperature in the range of radical concentrations of 10(18)-10(19) spins/cm3 the instantaneous diffusion is the dominant spin dephasing mechanism. The linear dependence of the instantaneous diffusion on the total concentration of the radicals is in agreement with the theory. From the latter result we conclude that the average radical-radical distance corresponds to a random distribution of the radicals in the matrix. A simple method of measuring the radical concentration by the ESE decays in powder samples of irradiated ammonium tartrate is described.     

TL, OSL and ESR studies on beryllium oxide

Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were carried out to identify the defect centres responsible for the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) processes in BeO phosphor. Two defect centres were identified in irradiated BeO phosphor by ESR measurements, which were carried out at room temperature and these were assigned to an O⁻ ion and Al²⁺ centre. The O⁻ ion (hole centre) correlates with the main 190 °C TL peak. The Al²⁺ centre (electron centre), which acts as a recombination centre, also correlates to the 190 °C TL peak. A third centre, observed during thermal annealing studies, is assigned to an O⁻ ion and is related to the high temperature TL at 317 °C. This centre also appears to be responsible for the observed OSL process in BeO phosphor.     

Site-selective electron nuclear double resonance in the exchange-narrowed regime of the ESR in conducting solids

Electron nuclear magnetic double resonance on conduction electrons reveals the hyperfine interaction hidden by the fast electron spin exchange. We used the Overhauser shift technique to investigate the electron spin density of the conduction band of gallium oxide, beta-Ga(2)O(3). Due to the monoclinic structure, the conduction band of beta-Ga(2)O(3) is anisotropic and it is dominated by contributions from the two nonequivalent Ga sites. The large quadrupole couplings of the two gallium isotopes (69)Ga and (71)Ga (both with I = 3/2) are completely resolved in our double-resonance experiments. This resolved quadrupole interaction allows the determination of the electric field gradients at both gallium sites with high precision and high sensitivity. The resolved quadrupole splitting is the key to the site-selected determination of the hyperfine interaction. The concepts behind these double-resonance techniques are rather general and should be applicable in similar semiconductor systems.     

TE011模式园柱形ESR样品腔的设计

本文介绍了TE_(011)模式园柱形ESR样品腔的设计方法和作者的一个设计实例.     

Abnormal magnetic behaviors induced by the antisite phase boundary in La_2NiMnO_6

The ferromagnetic semiconductor La 2 NiMnO 6 (LNMO) has recently received much attention due to its high Curie temperature (T C ～ 280 K), which is close to room temperature. We prepared single-phase LNMO polycrystalline samples and investigated the temperature- and field-dependent magnetic behaviors of bulk LNMO. Between T C and T*= 300 K, we observed upward and downward deviations from the Curie-Weiss law for high and low magnetic fields, respectively. From the electron spin resonance results, we can exclude the existence of the Griffiths phase. On the contrary, our results indicate that the abnormal magnetic behaviors might be induced by antisite phase boundaries with antiferromagnetic interaction.     

BaFCl：Eu2+X射线存储机制的探讨

本文报导了BaF2-xClx和BSFCl:Eu2-(0.1%)两种粉未样品的制备过程;及其系列样品的电子自旋共振的实验结果.认为BaFCl:Eu2-存储X射线的过程是:经X射线辐照后;在其晶体中形成自由电子和空穴,阴离子空位俘获一个电子形成F心,而空穴被束缚在两个氯离子上形成Vk(Cl2-)心,Vk(Cl2-)心经迁移被发光中心Eu2+所束缚.     

ESR spectrometer with a loop-gap resonator for cw and time resolved studies in a superconducting magnet

The design and performance of an electron spin resonance spectrometer operating at 3 and 9 GHz microwave frequencies combined with a 9-T superconducting magnet are described. The probehead contains a compact two-loop, one gap resonator, and is inside the variable temperature insert of the magnet enabling measurements in the 0-9T magnetic field and 1.5-400 K temperature range. The spectrometer allows studies on systems where resonance occurs at fields far above the g approximately 2 paramagnetic condition such as in antiferromagnets. The low quality factor of the resonator allows time resolved experiments such as, e.g., longitudinally detected ESR. We demonstrate the performance of the spectrometer on the NaNiO2 antiferromagnet, the MgB2 superconductor, and the RbC60 conducting alkaline fulleride polymer.