Shape coexistence in188Pb

The shape coexistence in¹⁸⁸Pb is investigated in terms of the projected shell model. Analyzing the experimental data with the calculated results, it is shown that the three shapes, sphere, oblate and prolate, coexist with each other in the low-lying excited states. The prolate band exhibits a mixture between two kinds of multi-particle-hole configuration. The mixing is discussed and the mixing coefficients are given, meaning the vi_12/2 pair alignment happens gradually in this case. The oblate (?h _9/22p2h) band structure is predicted and the 2⁺ prolate state is in the range of 804-880 keV.     

Shape coexistence in 188Pb

The shape coexistence in 188Pb is investigated in terms of the projected shell model. Analyzing the experimental data with the calculated results, it is shown that the three shapes, sphere, oblate and prolate, coexist with each other in the low-lying excited states. The prolate band exhibits a mixture between two kinds of multi-particle-hole configuration. The mixing is discussed and the mixing coefficients are given, meaning the νi13/2 pair alignment happens gradually in this case. The oblate (πh9/22p-2h) band structure is predicted and the 2+ prolate state is in the range of 804-880 keV.     

Estimates for the Second Order Derivatives of Eigenvectors in Thin Anisotropic Plates with Variable Thickness

For the second order derivatives of eigenvectors in a thin anisotropic heterogeneous plate Ω_h, we derive estimates of their weighted L₂-norms with majorants whose dependence on the plate thickness h and on the eigenvalue number is expressed explicitly. These estimates maintain the asymptotic sharpness throughout the entire spectrum, whereas inside its low-frequency band the majorants remain bounded as h → +0. The latter is a rather unexpected fact, because for the first eigenfunction u¹ of a similar boundary-value problem for a scalar second order differential operator with variable coefficients, the norm ‖∇ _x ² u⁰; L₂(Ω_h)‖ is of order h⁻¹ and grows as h tends to zero. Bibliography: 35 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 308, 2004, pp. 161–180.     

A highly accurate numerical solution of a biharmonic equation

The coefficients for a nine–point high–order accuracy discretization scheme for a biharmonic equation ∇ ⁴u = f(x, y) (∇² is the two–dimensional Laplacian operator) are derived. The biharmonic problem is defined on a rectangular domain with two types of boundary conditions: (1) u and ∂²u/∂n² or (2) u and ∂u/part;n (where ∂/part;n is the normal to the boundary derivative) are specified at the boundary. For both considered cases, the truncation error for the suggested scheme is of the sixth-order O(h⁶) on a square mesh (h_x = h_y = h) and of the fourth-order O(h⁴_xh²_xh²_y h⁴_y) on an unequally spaced mesh. The biharmonic equation describes the deflection of loaded plates. The advantage of the suggested scheme is demonstrated for solving problems of the deflection of rectangular plates for cases of different boundary conditions: (1) a simply supported plate and (2) a plate with built-in edges. In order to demonstrate the high–order accuracy of the method, the numerical results are compared with exact solutions. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 13: 375–391, 1997     

The k-orbit reconstruction and the orbit algebra

Let (G, W) be a permutation group on a finite set W = {w ₁,..., w _n}. We consider the natural action of G on the set of all subsets of W. Let h ₀, h ₁,..., h _N be the orbits of this action. For each i, 1 i N, there exists k, 1 k n, such that h _i is a set of k-element subsets of W. In this case h _i is called a symmetrized k-orbit of the group (G, W) or simply a k-orbit. With a k-orbit h _i we associate a multiset H(h _i ) = % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGGipm0dc9vqaqpepu0xbbG8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyykJeoaaa!3690!\[\langle \]h _i ⁽¹⁾, h _i ⁽²⁾,..., h _i ^(k)% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGGipm0dc9vqaqpepu0xbbG8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOkJepaaa!36A1!\[\rangle \] of its (k – 1)-suborbits. Orbits h _i and h _j are called equivalent if H(h _i ) = H(h _j ). An orbit is reconstructible if it is equivalent to itself only. The paper concerns the k-orbit reconstruction problem and its connections with different problems in combinatorics. The technique developed is based on the notion of orbit and co-orbit algebras associated with a given permutation group (G, W).     

The Pseudo-differential Operator hμ,a on Hankel Invariant Spaces

Using Hankel transform the symbol 'a' is defined and the pseudo-differential operator (p.d.o.) h_μ,a associated with the Bessel operator d ²/dx ² + (1 ? 4μ ²)/4x ² in terms of this symbol is defined. It is shown that the operator h_μ,a is a continuous linear map of a Hankel invariant space into itself. A special pseudo-differential operator called the Hankel potential is defined and some of its properties are investigated.     

Existence of frame sols of type 2nu1

An SOLS (self-orthogonal latin square) of order n with n₁ missing sub-SOLS (holes) of order h_i (1 ? i ? k), which are disjoint and spanning (i.e., Σ _1?i?kn_ih_i = n), is called a frame SOLS and denoted by FSOLS(h₁ⁿ¹ h₂ⁿ² …h_k^nk). In this article, it is shown that for u ? 2, an FSOLS(2ⁿu¹) exists if and only if n ? 1 + u. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Polya properties in sequence spaces

Let V be a finite dimensional affine subspace of l₁=l₁ N and suppose thath∈l₁/V. For 1<p<∞, leth ^p be the best l_p-approximation toh from V andh ^∞ be the strict best l^∞-approximation toh from V. We show thath ^p converges toh ^∞ at rate no worse than 1/p. A condition is given which is sufficient to guarantee that exists. This research was partially supported by a grant from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Indiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne.     

Hessian-free metric-based mesh adaptation via geometry of interpolation error

The article presents analysis of a new methodology for generating meshes minimizing L ^p -norms of the interpolation error or its gradient, p > 0. The key element of the methodology is the construction of a metric from node-based and edge-based values of a given function. For a mesh with N _h triangles, we demonstrate numerically that L ^∞-norm of the interpolation error is proportional to N _h ⁻¹ and L ^∞-norm of the gradient of the interpolation error is proportional to N _h ^−1/2. The methodology can be applied to adaptive solution of PDEs provided that edge-based a posteriori error estimates are available.     

Perfect Mendelsohn designs with equal-sized holes and block size four

Let M = {m₁, m₂, …, m_h} and X be a v-set (of points). A holey perfect Mendelsohn designs (briefly (v, k, λ) - HPMD), is a triple (X, H, B), where H is a collection of subsets of X (called holes) with sizes M and which partition X, and B is a collection of cyclic k-tuples of X (called blocks) such that no block meets a hole in more than one point and every ordered pair of points not contained in a hole appears t-apart in exactly λ blocks, for 1 ≤ t ≤ k − 1. The vector (m₁, m₂, …, m_h) is called the type of the HPMD. If m₁ = m₂ = … = m_h = m, we write briefly m^h for the type. In this article, it is shown that the necessary condition for the existence of a (v, 4, λ) - HPMD of type m^h, namely, is also sufficient with the exception of types 2⁴ and 1⁸ with λ = 1, and type m⁴ for odd m with odd λ. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 5: 203–213, 1997     

The effect of a penalty term involving higher order derivatives on the distribution of phases in an elastic medium with a two‐well elastic potential

We consider the problem of minimizing 0<p<1, h∈?, σ>0, among functions u:?^d?Ω→?^d, u_∣?Ω=0, and measurable characteristic functions χ:Ω→?. Here ?⁺_h, ?^?, denote quadratic potentials defined on the space of all symmetric d×d matrices, h is the minimum energy of ?⁺_h and ε(u) denotes the symmetric gradient of the displacement field. An equilibrium state û, χ?, of I [·,·,h, σ] is termed one‐phase if χ?≡0 or χ?≡1, two‐phase otherwise. We investigate the way in which the distribution of phases is affected by the choice of the parameters h and σ. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On a multiplicative functional transformation arising in nonlinear filtering theory

Summary This paper concerns the nonlinear filtering problem of calculating estimates E[f(x_t)¦y _s, st] where {x _t} is a Markov process with infinitesimal generator A and {y _t} is an observation process given by dy _t=h(x_t)dt +dw_twhere {w _t} is a Brownian motion. If h(x_t) is a semimartingale then an unnormalized version of this estimate can be expressed in terms of a semigroup T _s,t ^y obtained by a certain y-dependent multiplicative functional transformation of the signal process {x _t}. The objective of this paper is to investigate this transformation and in particular to show that under very general conditions its extended generator is A _t ^y f=e^y(t)h(A– 1/2h²)(e^–y(t)h f).Work partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-76-C-01-2295) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology     

Error estimates for two‐level penalty finite volume method for the stationary Navier–Stokes equations

Two‐level penalty finite volume method for the stationary Navier–Stokes equations based on the P₁ ? P₀ element is considered in this paper. The method involves solving one small penalty Navier–Stokes problem on a coarse mesh with mesh size H = ?^{1 / 4}h^{1 / 2}, a large penalty Stokes problem on a fine mesh with mesh size h, where 0 < ? < 1 is a penalty parameter. The method we study provides an approximate solution with the convergence rate of same order as the penalty finite volume solution (u_?h,p_?h), which involves solving one large penalty Navier–Stokes problem on a fine mesh with the same mesh size h. However, our method can save a large amount of computational time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Acceleration of convergence for finite element solutions of the Poisson equation

Summary Letu _h be the finite element solution to–u=f with zero boundary conditions in a convex polyhedral domain . Fromu _h we calculate for eachz and ||1 an approximationu _h ^– (z) toD u(z) with |D u(z)–u _h ^– (z)|=O(h ^2k–2) wherek is the order of the finite elements. The same superconvergence order estimates are obtained also for the boundary flux. We need not work on a regular mesh but we have to compute averages ofu _h where the diameter of the domain of integration must not depend onh.     

Quasi-associativity and flatness criteria for quadratic algebra deformations

LetR _h be the quantumR-matrix corresponding to a Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum groupU _h (G). Suppose a finite dimensional representationM _h ofU _h (G) is given. TheR _h induces an operator onM _h ^⊗2 andS _h , its composition with the standard transposition, is the Yang-Baxter operator. It turns out that the spaceM _h ^⊗2 admits the decompositionM _h =⊕ _i ⁿ J _ih whereJ _ih are the eigensubspaces ofS _h . Consider the quadratic algebras (M _h , E _h ^k ) whereE _h ^k =⊕ _i≠k J _ih . We prove that all (M _h ,E _h ^k ) are flat deformations of the quadratic algebras (V ₀,E ₀ ^k ). Let End(M _h ;J _1h , …,J _nh ) be the quantum semigroup corresponding to this decomposition. Our second result is that this gives a flat deformation of the quantum semigroup End(M ₀;J _1,0, …,J _n,0). Supported by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.     

Subsets of a Hilbert space,having finite hausdorff dimension

Let X₂, X₂ be Hilbert spaces, X₂ X₁, X₂ is dense in X₁, the imbedding is compact,m X₂, dim_H ⁱ m and h⁽ⁱ⁾(m) are the Hausdorff dimension and the limit capacity (information dimension) of the setm with respect to the metrics of the spaces X_i (i=1, 2). Two examples are constructed. 1) An example of a setm bounded in X₂, such that: a) h⁽¹⁾(m) < (and, consequently, dim_H ¹ m); b)m cannot be covered by a countable collection of sets, compact in X₂ (and, consequently, dim_H ² m=). 2) an Example of a setm, compact in X₂, such that h⁽¹⁾(m) < and h⁽²⁾(m)=.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 163, pp. 154–165, 1987.     

An answer to a question by J. Milnor

We consider two commuting automorphismsT ₁,T ₂ of the Lebesque space (M, M, μ) such thath _m,n=h(T ₁ ^m T ₂ ⁿ )<∞ whereh is the measure-theoretic entropy. Under additional assumptions we show the existence of the limits lim (1/m)h _m,n wherem→∞,n→∞,m/n→ω and ω is an irrational number.     

Mean integrated squared error of kernel estimators when the density and its derivative are not necessarily continuous

Summary Asymptotic properties of the mean integrated squared error (MISE) of kernel estimators of a density function, based on a sampleX ₁, …,X _n, were obtained by Rosenblatt [4] and Epanechnikov [1] for the case when the densityf and its derivativef′ are continuous. They found, under certain additional regularity conditions, that the optimal choiceh _n0 for the scale factorh _n=Kn^−α is given byh _n0=K₀n^−1/5 withK ₀ depending onf and the kernel; they also showed that MISE(h _n0)=O(n^−4/5) and Epanechnikov [1] found the optimal kernel. In this paper we investigate the robustness of these results to departures from the assumptions concerning the smoothness of the density function. In particular it is shown, under certain regularity conditions, that whenf is continuous but its derivativef′ is not, the optimal value of α in the scale factor becomes 1/4 and MISE(h _n0)=O(n^−3/4); for the case whenf is not continuous the optimal value of α becomes 1/2 and MISE(h _n0)=O(n^−1/2). For this last case the optimal kernel is shown to be the double exponential density. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Grant Nr. A 3114 and by the Gouvernement du Québec, Programme de formation de chercheurs et d'action concertée.