稀土配合物的研究(Ⅲ)——稀土离子与HPMBP及α-亚硝基-β-萘酚三元配合物的制备及表征

自从1959年Iensen将1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5(HPMBP)推荐为一种新型β-二酮类萃取剂以来,用它作为酸性螯合配体而合成的稀土三元配合物为数不少,但所涉及的中性配体多为膦氧单齿配体和以氮为配位原子的联吡啶及二氮杂菲类双齿配体。α-亚硝基-β-萘酚(NN)作为酸性配体已被广泛地用于过渡元素的溶剂萃取,但用它作为中性配体的稀土三元配合物尚未见报道。本文报道了14种稀土离子与HPMBP及NN的二元固态配合物的合成并对其红外光谱、质子核磁共振谱进行了研究。     

4-乙酰基-2-硝基苯甲醛的简便合成

从4-乙酰基-2-硝基甲苯出发, 经溴化、羟化、氧化以88.5%的总收率制备得到4-乙酰基-2-硝基苯甲醛.     

2-甲基-4-羟基-6-苯基嘧啶和2-甲基-4-羟基-5-溴-6-苯基嘧啶的高效液相色谱法分离测定

采用ODS-C18色谱柱和紫外检测器,对2-甲基-4-羟基-6-苯基嘧啶和2-甲基-4-羟基-5-溴-6-苯基嘧啶的含量进行HPLC分离测定.以甲醇水=4555为流动相,紫外检测波长为237 nm,样品线性范围为0.001～0.1 mg/mL.2-甲基-4-羟基-6-苯基嘧啶的RSD为0.5%;2-甲基-4-羟基-5-溴-6-苯基嘧啶的RSD为1.0%.     

2-甲氧基-3-氟-4-碘吡啶的合成

2-甲氧基-3-氟-4-碘吡啶是一个重要的医药化工中间体,其合成路线未见文献报道。以2-甲氧基-3-氟-5-氯吡啶为起始原料,经氢解和碘代两步反应合成标题化合物,总收率62.8%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS确证。     

1-苯甲酰基-1-甲硫基甲醇与硫脲和芳胺的反应研究

1-苯甲酰基-1-甲硫基甲醇(2)与硫脲(3a)和芳基取代硫脲(3b-3i)在弱酸性条件下回流反应1h,得到5-苯基咪唑啉-2-硫酮-4-酮(4a)和1-芳基-5-苯基咪唑啉-2-硫酮-4-酮(4b-4i),产率72%～89%.而化合物2与芳胺(5a-5f)在弱碱性条件下回流反应3h,则得到2-芳胺基-2-甲硫基苯乙酮(6a-6f),产率为64%～88%.     

基于吡啶基苯甲酸盐的两个银(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

合成了2个含有吡啶基苯甲酸盐的银(Ⅰ)配合物,即[Ag₂(PPh₃)₂(4,4-pybz)₂(H₂O)₂]_n(1) 和[Ag₂(PPh₃)₂(4,3-pybz)₂]·2CH₃OH(2)(PPh₃=三苯基膦,4, 4-pybz=4-吡啶-4-基-苯甲酸根, 4,3-pybz=4-吡啶-3-基-苯甲酸根),并通过红外光谱、元素分析和荧光光谱进行分析和表征,它们的结构由X射线单晶衍射测定.在不同的溶剂下,2个配合物由AgBF₄、PPh₃和不同的吡啶苯甲酸在氨水作用下,以1:1:1的比例反应而成.在配合物1中,所有的银原子由吡啶基苯甲酸桥连形成一维链状结构.在配合物2中,2个银原子通过2个4-吡啶-3-基-苯甲酸根配体形成双核结构.在荧光光谱中,在发射状态下所有的峰均来源于配体的π-π*跃迁.     

新型香豆素类荧光化合物的合成及荧光性质研究

合成了两种香豆素类荧光化合物6,8-二氯-7-羟基香豆素-3-羧酸（DClC）和6-氯-7-羟基香豆素-3-羧酸（MClC）,其中DClC未见文献报道,并通过红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱等手段对产物的结构进行了表征。同时首次研究了这两种香豆素衍生物的紫外、荧光性质,以及不同极性溶剂、pH值、表面活性剂等的影响。结果表明,pH对性质测定影响较大,当pH=10时,DClC和MClC的荧光强度明显增强。     

基于吡啶基苯甲酸盐的两个银(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

合成了2个含有吡啶基苯甲酸盐的银(Ⅰ)配合物,即[Ag₂(PPh₃)₂(4,4-pybz)₂(H₂O)₂]_n(1)和[Ag₂(PPh₃)₂(4,3-pybz)₂]·2CH₃OH(2)(PPh₃=三苯基膦,4, 4-pybz=4-吡啶-4-基-苯甲酸根, 4,3-pybz=4-吡啶-3-基-苯甲酸根),并通过红外光谱、元素分析和荧光光谱进行分析和表征,它们的结构由X射线单晶衍射测定。在不同的溶剂下,2个配合物由AgBF₄、PPh₃和不同的吡啶苯甲酸在氨水作用下,以1:1:1的比例反应而成。在配合物1中,所有的银原子由吡啶基苯甲酸桥连形成一维链状结构。在配合物2中,2个银原子通过2个4-吡啶-3-基-苯甲酸根配体形成双核结构。在荧光光谱中,在发射状态下所有的峰均来源于配体的π-π*跃迁。     

虾青素的合成

以α-紫罗兰酮为起始原料, 采用2C₁₅＋C₁₀→C₄₀路线合成了虾青素. 并经过选择性环氧化三甲基硅基烯醇醚双键的关键步骤, 设计并完成了关键中间体C₁₅部分——6-羟基-3-(3-羟基-3-甲基-1,4-戊二烯)-2,4,4-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮的合成.     

3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔醛的合成新方法

化合物3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔-1-醛两端均为活性官能团,在分子连接及成环反应中能够起到非常重要的作用,是合成轮烯酮[1-7],脱落酸[8]和二苯基二苯并环辛烯[9]等的重要中间体.     

亚相酸度及金属离子对2-十六氨基甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉成膜性能的影响

合成了两亲配体2-十六氨基甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉(简称HHQ),研究了亚相酸度及金属离子对HHQ成膜性能的影响。金属离子的半径、电荷及核外价电子层结构不同是影响HHQLang-muir单分子层膜性能的本质原因。从含有Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺离子的亚相表面所制备的多层LB膜的吸收光谱中产生了一个新的吸收峰。     

Binding of metal ions by polyethylenimine and its derivatives

Measurements have been made of the binding of divalent metal ions, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions, by polyethylenimine (PEI) and its acetyl or alkyl derivatives by the equilibriumdialysis technique. These metal ions, in particular the Cu²⁺ ion, exhibited tremendously remarkable binding affinity toward PEI. The extent of complexation of the polymer with the metal ions was decreased markedly by acetylation or alkylation of the polymer. PEI with no primary amine showed an appreciable decrease in its affinity for the metal ion. These results indicate the participation of the primary amine of the polymer in the formation of the complex. A cooperative binding isotherm was observed in PEI–metal ion complex formation, suggesting swelling or conformational change of the polymer induced by this coordination process. Binding of the Cu²⁺ ion by PEI was found to be essentially independent of temperature over the range 5–35°C.     

Evaluation of effects of bivalent cations on the formation of purine-rich triple-helix DNA by ESI-FT-MS

The GGA triplet repeats are widely dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes. (GGA)n or (GGT)n oligonucleotides can interact with double-stranded DNA containing (GGA:CCT)n to form triple-stranded DNA. The effects of 8 divalent metal ions (3 alkaline-earth metals and 5 transition metals) on formation of these purine-rich triple-helix DNA were investigated by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-MS). In the absence of metal ions, no triplex but single-strand, duplex, and purine homodimer ions were observed in mass spectra. The triple-helix DNA complexes were observed only in the presence of certain divalent ions. The effects of different divalent cations on the formation of purine-rich triplexes were compared. Transition-metal ions, especially Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺, significantly boost the formation of triple-helix DNA, whereas alkaline-earth metal ions have no positive effects on triplex formation. In addition, Ba²⁺ is notably beneficial to the formation of homodimer instead of triplex.     

Heavy-metal remediation by a fungus as a means of production of lead and cadmium carbonate crystals

We show here that reaction of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, with the aqueous heavy-metal ions Pb2+ and Cd2+ results in the one-step formation of the corresponding metal carbonates. The metal carbonates are formed by reaction of the heavy-metal ions with CO2 produced by the fungus during metabolism and thus provide a completely biological method for production of crystals of metal carbonates. The PbCO3 and CdCO3 crystals thus produced have interesting morphologies that are shown to arise because of interaction of the growing crystals with specific proteins secreted by the fungus during reaction. An additional advantage of this approach is that the reaction leads to detoxification of the aqueous solution and could have immense potential for bioremediation of heavy metals. Under conditions of this study, the metal ions are not toxic to the fungus, which readily grows after exposure to the metal ions.     

电位滴定判断二元金属氢氧化物的复合化

尖晶石型纳米复合金属氧化物目前主要的合成方法还是共沉淀法 [1,2 ] .但是此种方法常因不能准确掌握共沉淀的 p H范围 ,而出现组分金属离子偏析 ,难制得不含杂相的纯净复合金属氧化物纳米微粒[3] .混合金属离子能否形成复合氢氧化物 ,在什么条件下形成 ,这方面的研究还未见报道 .电位滴定法通常是研究单一金属离子的水解或氢氧化物生成的有效方法 [4 ,5] ,为此 ,我们以 Al3+、Fe3+分别与 Ni2 +、Zn2 +、Cu2 +等金属离子形成的二元金属混和溶液为对象 ,使用自动电位滴定仪测定这些混合体系的电位滴定曲线 ,并通过与相应的单一金属离子的…     

Study of Host-Guest Complexation of Alkaline Earth Metal Ion,Aluminum Ion and Transition Metal Ions with Crown Ethers by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Complexations of crown ethers with alkali metal ions have been investigated extensively by FAB mass spectrometry over the past decade, but very little attention has been paid to reactions of crown ethers with other classes of metal ions such as alkaline earth metal ions, transition metal ions and aluminum ions. Although fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry has proven to be a rapid and convenient method to determine the binding interactions of crown ethers with metal ions, problems in reliabilities for quantitative measurements of” binding strength for the host-guest complexes have been described in the literature. Thus, in this paper, applications of FAB/MS for investigating the complexation of crown ethers with various classes of metal ions is discussed. Extensive fragmentations for neutral losses such as C₂H₄O or C₂H₄ molecules from the host-guest complexes could be observed. The reason is attributed to the energetic bombardment processes of FAB occuring in the formation of these complexes. Complexes of cyclen with metal ions also show neutral losses of C₂H₄NH molecules leading to fragment ions. Transition metal ions usually form (Crown + MCl)⁺ type of ions, alkaline earth metal ions can form both (Crown + MCl)⁺ and (Crown + MOH)⁺ type of ions. But for aluminum ions, only (Crown + Al(OH)₂)⁺ type of ions could he observed.     

Inconsistency in the Stability Constants of Inorganic Polyphosphate Anions Determined by Potentiometry and Spectroscopy

Compared with cyclo -triphosphate anions, cyclo -tri- w -imidotriphosphate anions (Figure 1), cP 3 (NH) 3 3 m , form stable complexes with transition metal ions. Two experimental procedures, potentiometry and spectroscopy, have been applied to determine the stability constants of the complexes with Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions at 25;C and at I = 0.10 (NaClO 4 ). One-to-one (ML) complex formation has been assumed for the analyses. In the presence of sufficiently high concentration of metal ions, the log g 1 values determined by both methods are consistent with each other, whereas the log g 1 value determined by spectroscopy decreases with the decrease in metal ion concentration. This peculiar phenomenon cannot be explained by the presence of additional complexes, that is, ML 2 or M 2 L. One possible reasoning is agglomeration formation of ligand molecules mediated by countercations in aqueous solution.     

Structural characterization of alachlor complexes with transition metal ions by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass (ESI-MS) spectrometry was used to investigate the nature of metal complexes of alachlor and their dissociations on activation. Ions of the first row transition metal series were employed to react with alachlor and the products were subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) for further structural characterization. The formation of diverse complex ions including doubly charged metal/alachlor complexes; [3L + M]²⁺ and [4L + M]²⁺ (L: alachlor and M: transition metal ions) were observed depending on the experimental conditions including the tube lens offset voltage (TLOV) and relative concentrations of alachlor and transition metal ions. It is clear that complexation with transition metal ions alters the reactive site of alachlor, promoting the loss of chlorine over the loss of CH₃OH that is the major reaction pathway in uncomplexed system. Direct elimination of chlorine from alachlor molecule was confirmed by the use of MnBr₂ instead of MnCl₂. These evidences clearly illustrate the catalytic activities of the metal ions through insertion mechanism. The function of transition metal ions in complexation was emphasized comparing the fragmentation patterns with those of protonated molecule. A change in the oxidation state of copper from + 2 to + 1 during the dissociation of metal complex was observed in company with elimination of radicals which is specific for the copper complex ions.     

Electron capture dissociation of peptides metalated with alkaline-earth metal ions

The possible use of divalent alkaline-earth metal ions, including Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+, as charge carrier for electron capture dissociation of peptides was investigated. Model peptides of RGGGVGGGR and NGGGWGGGN were used to simplify the interpretation of spectral information. It was demonstrated that useful electron capture dissociation (ECD) tandem mass spectra of these metalated peptides could be generated. Interestingly, peptides metalated with different alkaline-earth metal ions generated very similar ECD tandem mass spectra. Metalated c-ions and z-ions were the predominant fragment ions. Only Mg2+-metalated peptides gave somewhat different results. Some nonmetalated c-ions were observed from ECD of [RGGGVGGGR + Mg]2+ but not from [NGGGWGGGN + Mg]2+. Together with some ab initio calculations, it was established that the bound metal ions might activate the acidity of the amide hydrogen. With the presence of high proton affinity moiety, such as N-terminal amino group and/or side chain of the arginine residues, the metalated peptide ions could exist predominantly in their zwitterion forms, in which one or two backbone amide group(s) was deprotonated and the high proton affinity functional group(s) was protonated. It was believed that electron capture leads primarily to the reduction of the mobile proton rather than the metal ions. With this zwitterion model, the formation of nonmetalated c-fragments and the generation of similar ECD spectra for peptides metalated with various alkaline-earth metal ions could readily to be explained. Another interesting observation in the ECD mass spectra of metalated peptides is related to the enhanced formation of the minor ECD products, i.e., (c - 1)(+*) and (z + 1)+ ions. Together with ab initio calculations using a truncated peptide model, various possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of these minor ECD products were evaluated. It was concluded that hydrogen transfer between the initiated formed c and z(.) species plays an important role in the formation (c - 1)(+*) and (z + 1)+ ions. Although peptides metalated with these metal ions do not have better ECD efficiency compared to the multiply-protonated peptides, it provides practical accessibility of ECD methods to analyze small peptides with no basic amino acid residues.