丝光沸石的疏水化研究

采用不同的脱铝方法得到Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比为１５～１１２的丝光沸石，用ＩＲ方法测定了样品的脱铝空穴含量，并考察样品的热稳定性和疏水性，实验结果表明，脱铝后形成的大量末端硅羟基仍有亲水性，因而单纯酸脱铝疏水化效果有限，用水蒸汽处理或（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６补硅的方法使沸石表面硅羟基转变成≡Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｓｉ≡键，能显著地提高沸石疏水性。     

NaY沸石草酸脱铝

ＮａＹ沸石用草酸溶液脱Ａｌ，随草酸用量增加，脱Ａｌ度增加，结晶度下降，但脱Ａｌ２０％仍能保持９５％以上的高结晶度，实验结果表明，脱Ａｌ量和Ｈ用量呈线性关系，斜率近似０．２５，Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４有促进脱Ａｌ的作用，脱Ａｌ过程中沸石结晶度的保持３于脱Ａｌ体系的缓冲作用，由草酸的电了平衡和络合平衡构成的脱Ａｌ体系档提供最佳脱Ａｌ条件，脱Ａｌ的沸石产物带有羟基“窝”八面沸石骨架，加热３００℃以上可使羟基“窝”     

用固体核磁共振谱定量研究脱铝HY分子筛中碱"诱导"的Br(o)nsted酸性位

用氘代吡啶和三甲基膦（TMP）作为碱性探针分子，用^1H和^31P魔角旋转（MAS）NMR谱对脱铝和未脱铝微孔HY分子筛中的Bronsted酸（B酸）进行了定量研究．发现在脱铝HY中，吸附探针分子后的B酸量比吸附前的要多，而在未脱铝的HY样中，吸附吡啶分子前后测得的B酸量基本一致，证实了在微孔分子筛中存在碱“诱导”B酸位，即靠近铝的端位SiOH能在碱性探针分子的诱导下形成桥式羟基（SiOHA1）．对这种碱“诱导”B酸位的形成机制进行了讨论．     

脱铝八面沸石的研究II.羟基及其酸性

采用SiCl_4同晶取代NaY沸石,制备了硅铝比变化较宽且结晶度完好的八面沸石,进一步将样品交换为铵型,还制备了铝交换型八面沸石及越稳Y样品。红外研究发现,随硅铝比增加,八面沸石样品的两种典型羟基谱带频率发生规律性变化,且于3600及3666cm~(-1)附近相继出现新的羟基吸收谱带,其小笼羟基质子酸性逐渐增加,沸石体系B酸总量逐渐降低,而强B酸量则呈山峰形变化,骨架外铝对硅铝比较低的样品的酸性影响较大,在骨架硅铝比相近情况下,高温水热法脱铝样品(USY)较SiCl_4脱铝样品(DNH_4Y)的羟基谱带和酸性具有明显的差异。     

脱铝方法对富硅丝光沸石性质的影响

本文用酸浸取, 水蒸汽处理加酸浸取和(NH_4)_2SiF_6类质同晶取代三种不同方法制备了Si/Al比为6—15左右的富硅丝光沸石样品, 并且用多种实验手段测定了它们的相对结晶度, 羟基空穴摩尔分数, 晶胞参数, 红外反对称伸缩振动频率, 热稳定性和水热稳定性, 表面酸性和催化活性。实验结果表明脱铝方法对富硅丝光沸石的性质有很大的影响, 不同的脱铝方法得到的沸石样品在许多方面有显著的差别。文中对此进行了详细的描述, 并对产生这些差别的结构因素讲行了讨论。     

羟基铝溶液及铝交联蒙脱土的研究

本文用(27)~Al NMR法和8-羟基喹啉萃取法分别研究了羟基铝溶液中十三聚铝含量的变化规律,还用X-射线衍射法研究了铝交联蒙脱土d_(001)的变化。研究结果表明,铝离子的聚合情况主要由羟铝比决定,而浓度影响不大。随着羟铝比的增加,溶液中单核铝离子含量减少,十三聚铝离子相对含量增加,所得铝交联蒙脱土的d_(001)也随之增大。参照这些变化规律、控制羟基铝溶液的组成,可以制备各种层柱状铝交联蒙脱土复合物。     

橡胶填料用的二氧化硅表面羟基的分析

微粒二氧化硅(即白碳黑)是硅橡胶的主要填料,其表面性质对橡胶的增强和老化有显著的影响。我们曾报导用氢化铝锂转化色谱法测定硅树脂中的羟基及液体中的微量水,方法简便准确。此法加以改进也可推广用以分析二氧化硅表面的羟基含量。操作方法基本和硅树脂中羟基分析的方法相同,但需要解决二氧化硅粉末向密封的试剂系统进样的问題。将约0.2克样品在10毫升容量瓶中加热数小时以脱吸附水(称量空瓶和加热后之样品瓶计算样品重量),然后加入惰性溶剂充分振荡使粉末在液体中分散,并冲稀至刻度。用250微     

添加β沸石的烃类裂化催化剂性能研究

采用固体硅源、铝源和四乙基氢氧化铵（TEAOH）在极浓体系中成功合成了硅铝摩尔比（SiO₂/Al₂O₃）分别为30和150的β沸石。同时用硅铝摩尔比为30的β沸石为原料,在70℃下采用草酸脱铝制备了硅铝摩尔比接近150的样品。直接合成或经脱铝改性的β沸石采用XRD、SEM、吡啶吸附红外光谱和N2吸附对其晶相、酸性、比表面积和孔体积进行了表征。将三种β沸石分别作为烃类裂化催化剂的活性组分添加剂,对其催化剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,三种β沸石的引入都可以提高裂化催化剂的活性和改善产品分布,低硅β沸石催化剂能改善催化剂的异构化反应性能和提高乙烯、丙烯的选择性,高硅β沸石或脱铝β沸石催化剂有利于裂化汽油中烯烃的芳构化和C4烯烃产率的提高,并可减少结焦。     

用固体核磁共振谱定量研究脱铝HY分子筛中碱“诱导”的Brnsted酸性位

用氘代吡啶和三甲基膦(TMP)作为碱性探针分子,用1H和31P魔角旋转(MAS)NMR谱对脱铝和未脱铝微孔HY分子筛中的Br#nsted酸(B酸)进行了定量研究.发现在脱铝HY中,吸附探针分子后的B酸量比吸附前的要多,而在未脱铝的HY样中,吸附吡啶分子前后测得的B酸量基本一致,证实了在微孔分子筛中存在碱“诱导”B酸位,即靠近铝的端位SiOH能在碱性探针分子的诱导下形成桥式羟基(SiOHAl).对这种碱“诱导”B酸位的形成机制进行了讨论.     

硅烷对HZSM－5的改性Ⅰ．硅烷化改性HZSM－5的增硅脱铝

利用有机硅化合物与分子筛表面羟基有较强的反应性，以硅烷气体作为改性剂，对ＨＺＳＭ－５表面羟基进行了改性研究。并用ＸＲＤ、ＥＳＣＡ、ＩＲ、ＭＡＳＮＭＲ、化学分析等手段表征了改性样品。发现增硅的同时，也发生了脱铝并且迂移至沸石外表面的现象。最后，对增硅脱铝可能的机理作了讨论。     

Preparation of metallosilicates with zeolite structure by atom-planting method

Atom-planting, a useful method to prepare some metallosilicates having zeolitic structure, was proposed. By treatment of highly siliceous zeolite with metal chloride vapor at selected temperature, metal cation could be introduced into the defect sites (hydroxyl nests) of zeolite framework. By the atom-planting method, some metallosilicates which are difficult to be synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis could be prepared. The vapor phase shape-selective alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol, and the liquid phase selective oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on the metallosilicates prepared by atom-planting method were reviewed.     

A Study on the Surface Silanol Groups Developed by Hydrothermal and Acid Treatment of Faujasite Type Zeolites

The surface silanol groups on faujasite type zeolites, which were formed by hydrothermal and acid treatments and considered to be lattice defect, were characterized. IR measurements of silanol groups were made in situ and thermogravimetic analysis was conducted under vacuum so as to quantify their content. It was thus possible to quantify separately the concentration of silanol groups forming hydroxy nests and the concentration of terminal silanol groups present on the secondary pores and crystal external surfaces. As the evacuation temperature increased, silanol groups forming hydroxy nests were found to decrease as a result of dehydroxylation condensation. The number of terminal silanol groups on the secondary pores and external surface remained virtually unchanged. The concentration of terminal silanol groups agreed well with the value calculated according to the proposed destruction model of the zeolite framework. This justified the model that there remained the double 6-ring structure on the secondary pore surfaces after the sodalite cage was collapsed as a result of the treatments. The effect of silanol groups forming hydroxy nests on the zeolite surface polarity was examined by measuring immersional heats in various solvents. It turned out that the extremely localized silanol groups forming hydroxy nests in the framework were linked via hydrogen bond to each other and showed nonpolar behavior. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

The Catalysis of Vapor-Phase Beckmann Rearrangement for the Production of ε-Caprolactam

Recently, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. developed the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement process for the production of -caprolactam. In the process, cyclohexanone oxime is rearranged into -caprolactam using a zeolite as a catalyst instead of sulfuric acid. EniChem in Italy developed the ammoximation process that involves the direct production of cyclohexanone oxime without producing any ammonium sulfate. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. has commercialized the combined process of vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement and ammoximation in 2003.In this paper, the authors focus on some aspects of the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement catalysis. A solid catalyst that is mainly composed of a high-silica MFI zeolite (Silicalite-1) has been developed for the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement. This catalyst does not possess acidity that can be detected by ammonia TPD. Methanol fed into the reactor with cyclohexanone oxime improves the yield of caprolactam. Methanol reacts with terminal silanols on the zeolite surface and converts them to methoxyl groups. The modification of the catalyst by methanol has an important role for the Beckmann rearrangement reaction.Nest silanols located just inside the pore mouth of the MFI zeolite are supposed to be the active sites of the catalyst. We propose that the coordination between the NOH group of cyclohexanone oxime molecule and the nest silanols through hydrogen bonding is responsible for the reaction. The reaction mechanism of Beckmann rearrangement under vapor-phase conditions is the same as in the liquid phase, namely, the alkyl group in anti-position against the hydroxyl group of the oxime migrates to the nitrogen atom's position.     

Base-induced Brönsted Acid Sites on Dealuminated HY Zeolite: A Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy Study

Using trimethylphosphine (TMP) and d₅-pyridine(deuterated pyridine) as the basic probe molecules, the concentrations of Brönsted acid sites on both HY zeolite and dealuminated HY zeolite have been quantitatively determined using solid-state ¹H and ³¹P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. After adsorption of the probe molecules, the concentration of Brönsted acid sites on the dealuminated HY zeolite increases by about 25%, whereas that in the parent HY sample remains almost unchanged. The increase in the concentration of Brönsted acid sites is due to the appearance of base-induced Brönsted acid sites in the dealuminated HY zeolite. The terminal SiOH in the vicinity of the aluminum atom is “induced” to form a bridging hydroxyl group (SiOHAl) in the presence of the basic probe molecules. The mechanism of formation of the induced Brönsted acid sites has also been discussed.     

ZSM-5分子筛上烷基化过程中“反向效应”的产生及其克制方法

在综述甲苯择形烷基化机理并分析产生“反效应”的原因的基础上,提出了克制的“反向效应”的设想。Ｓｂ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＣｌ４,ＳｉＣｌ４,Ｈ３ＰＯ４,Ｍｇ（Ａｃ）２等化合物对分子筛进行改性,测定改性前后分子筛的表面酸性与孔结构,关联乙基化反应结果,证实中强酸中心在乙基化反应中的重要作用,认为保持孔道的畅通是解决“反应效应”的关键。并采用了Ｋ－Ｍｇ改性,制备出对甲苯乙基化具有高初活性和高对位选择性的催化剂。     

IR Spectroscopic Study of Ethylene Adsorption and Oligomerization on the Hydrogen Form of Mordenite

Diffuse-reflectance IR spectroscopy is used to study adsorption and oligomerization of ethylene on the hydrogen form of mordenite at room temperature. Ethylene adsorbs on bridging acid hydroxyl groups of the zeolite and forms -complexes with a firm hydrogen bond. The interaction with hydroxyl groups most strongly excites composite vibrations in adsorbed molecules. These vibrations are a combination of the stretching vibration of a double bond and the deformational vibrations of the CH₂ group. A conjecture is drawn that these composite vibrations correspond to the reaction coordinate of ethylene transformation to the ethoxy groups. Their further reactions with weakly adsorbed molecules result in ethylene oligomerization. A linear oligomer is formed, grafted on the zeolite surface and filling the pores of zeolites.     

ZSM-5/Y复合分子筛的酸性及其重油催化裂化性能

 ZSM-5/Y是本研究组合成的一种新型复合分子筛材料. 用“两次交换,两次焙烧”和磷 酸氢二铵浸渍方法对该复合分子筛材料进行了改性,采用红外光谱表征了复合分子筛的酸性,研究了磷改性对复合分子筛样品羟基区谱学性质的影响,并与相应的机械混合分子筛样品进 行了对比. 红外光谱数据表明,磷改性后复合分子筛的B酸(主要是中强酸)增加,而机械混合分子筛在各个酸强度区域的B酸量和L酸量都减少. 以新疆重油为原料考察了改性后复合分子 筛样品和机械混合分子筛样品的催化裂化性能. 与相应的机械混合分子筛催化剂相比,磷改 性复合分子筛催化剂具有较高的柴油选择性,其柴油产率增加了4.1个百分点,柴汽比增加了0.11,总轻油产率与机械混合分子筛相当. 用气体产物中的CMR(裂化机理比)和C3/C4比 值分析了复合分子筛的催化性能与其聚集体结构的关系.     

红外光谱法研究表面溢出效应

采用红外光谱法, 利用重氢交换反应证明在Pt-NaY/HY体系有氢溢出(spillover)效应发生, 测量了100 ℃和50 ℃时的交换速率。发现在50 ℃时高频羟基的交换速率大于低频羟基。并对溢出机构进行了初步的讨论。