金属态原子电负性的计算及应用(Ⅱ)

利用修正后的Pauling计算单键键能的公式对H2、O2、CO观原子分子在某些过渡金属上解离吸附参数（包括活化吸附热，金属-吸附物种表面键能）进行了计算，获得了丰富的表面键能量参数数值，弥补了实验数据的不足．从而，为在一定程度上帮助人们从分子微观动力学的角度认识催化反应的实质，报供了较为可靠的理论依据．     

NiO（100）面小分子（CO，NO，O_2）吸附的DV－X_α嵌入簇模型研究

采用在晶体场中嵌入原子簇的量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘ_α方法，计算了小分子ＣＯ、ＮＯ、Ｏ_２等在ＮｉＯ（１００）面上阳离子吸附位上的吸附行为，发现有两种不同的作用存在于ＸＯ／ＮｉＯ（１００）吸附体系中，一种是表面电场对吸附分子的静电作用，大小顺序为：ＣＯ＞ＮＯ＞Ｏ_２；另一种是吸附分子与表面原子间的轨道相互作用，大小顺序为：ＮＯ＞Ｏ_２＞ＣＯ．ＣＯ与表面的相互作用主要是静电作用；在ＮＯ以及Ｏ_２分子的吸附中，静电作用和轨道相互作用都有贡献。定性解释了ＸＯ分子吸附的ＩＲ光谱行为．     

V2O5—SiO2表面复合物金属催化剂载体的制备与表征

采用ＶＯＣｌ２的盐酸溶液等体积浸渍ＳｉＯ２载体的表面反应方法制备了键联型Ｖ２Ｏ５－ＳｉＯ２（ＶＳＯ）表面工外光谱法（ＩＲ）研究了其表面结构状态以及对Ｃ２Ｈ６的化学吸附性能；并利用程序升温还原技术（ＴＰＲ）考察了该表面复合物载体对负载金属Ｐｄ、Ｃｕ氧化物还原过程的影响。结果表明，ＶＳＯ具有类同于载体ＳｉＯ２的孔结构和机械强度；ＶＳＯ对Ｃ２Ｈ６有一定的化学吸附能力，Ｃ２Ｈ６分子Ｃ－Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附在ＶＳ     

MgO缺陷和不规则表面只附Cl的电子结构研究

采用从头算程序对ＭｇＯ表面３种不同配位位置吸附Ｃｌ２的构型进行优化,并用扩展休克尔紧束缚（ＥＨＴ）晶体轨道方法对ＭｇＯ的缺陷和不规则表面只附Ｃ１２的可能带计算,讨论了吸附前后能带组成和成键性质的变化。研究表明：ＭｇＯ表面吸附Ｃｌ２将更超向于吸附在Ｏ原子上而非Ｍｇ原子上,而且在３种配位中ＭｇＯ表面三配位氧最有利于吸附Ｃｌ２;吸附时,电子从Ｏ原子转移到Ｃｌ２分子的反键轨道,但是各种吸附的ＭｇＯ表面对Ｃ     

Ti—Si沸石表面吸附物种的TPSR—TPD研究

氯丙烯在不同催化剂表面上吸附的ＴＰＤ结果表明在ＴＳ－１上有三重附峰，而在ＴｉＯ２／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ上仅有单峰，Ｈ２Ｏ２或分子Ｏ２在催化剂表面吸附后，在脱附物种中可用质谱检测到原子Ｏ（１６）物种；说明Ｈ２Ｏ２或分子Ｏ２在样品表面存在解离吸附；并发现解离子分子Ｏ２的活性很低，ＴＳ－１能同时吸附内烯和Ｈ２Ｏ２，而在ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ表面的吸附却与吸附顺序有关，环氧化活性顺序如下：ＴＳ－１     

NiO（100）面小分子（CO,NO,O2）吸附的DV—Xa嵌入簇模型研究

采用在晶体场中嵌入原子簇的量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘａ方法，计算了小分子ＣＯ，ＮＯ，Ｏ２等在ＮｉＯ（１００）面上阳离子吸附位上的吸附行为，发现有两种不同的作用存在于ＸＯ／ＮｉＯ（１００）吸附体系中，一种是表面电场对吸附分子的静电作用，大小顺序为：ＣＯ＞ＮＯ＞Ｏ２；另一种是吸附分子与表面原子间的轨道相互作用，大小顺序为：ＮＯ＞Ｏ２＞ＣＯ。ＣＯ与表面的相互作用主要是静电作用；在ＮＯ以及Ｏ２分子的吸附中，静电作用     

在NiSO4表面上激光促进CO＋H2合成乙烯反应机理

利用红外光谱、程序升温脱附、程序升温表面反应和激光表面反应技术研究了固体ＮｉＳＯ_４表面上ＣＯ、Ｈ_２和Ｃ_２Ｈ_４的化学吸附性能及激光促进ＣＯ加氢合成乙烯的反应机理。实验结果表明：在硫酸镍固体表面上卧式吸附于Ｓ－Ｏ－Ｎｉ键Ｓ位和Ｎｉ位的ＣＯ是激光合成乙烯的有效吸附态；解离吸附于硫氧双键氧位上的Ｈ参与ＣＯ加氢反应；激光选择激发表面Ｓ－Ｏ键，通过能量传递和驰豫使卧式吸附态Ｃ＝Ｏ键活化并与吸附态Ｈ反应生成ＣＨ_２物种和Ｈ_２Ｏ，继而邻近的ＣＨ_２结合形成产物Ｃ_２Ｈ_４。     

Ti－Si沸石表面吸附物种的TPSR－TPD研究

氯丙烯在不同催化剂表面上吸附的ＴＰＤ结果表明：在ＴＳ－１上有三重脱附峰，而在ＴｉＯ２／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ上仅有单峰。Ｈ_２Ｏ_２或分子Ｏ_２在催化剂表面吸附后，在脱附物种中可用质谱检测到原子Ｏ（１６）物种；说明Ｈ_Ｏ_２或分子Ｏ_２在样品表面存在解离吸附；并发现解离分子Ｏ_２的活性很低。ＴＳ－１能同时吸附氯丙烯和Ｈ_２Ｏ_２，而在ＳｉＯ_２／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ表面的吸附却与吸附顺序有关。环氧化活性顺序如下：ＴＳ－１（ＴＰＡＯＨ）＞ＴＳ－１（ＴＰＡＢｒ＋ＮａＯＨ）＞ＴｉＯ_２／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ。ＴＳ－１沸石的高氧化活性可能与Ｈ_２Ｏ_２吸附后表面原子Ｏ（１６）的形成有关。     

烯丙基硫脲与支持电解质阴离子在银电极上共吸附的拉曼光谱

用表面增强拉曼散射光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）和时间分辨ＳＥＲＳ光谱（ＴＲＳＥＲＳ）等技术首次研究了烯丙基硫脲（ＡＴＵ）在ＨＣｌＯ４、Ｈ２ＳＯ４和ＨＮＯ３介质中与无机阴离子在银电极上的电化学共吸附行为．提出ＡＴＵ很可能以Ｓ端与银电极表面形成化学吸附键，仲氨基相对伯氨基距离表面较近，整个分子偏向烯丙基一侧倾斜吸附在表面上．ＣｌＯ－４、ＳＯ２－４和ＮＯ－３等弱吸附无机阴离子均能被ＡＴＵ诱导共吸附在其质子化了的仲氨基上，这３种无机阴离子被ＡＴＵ诱导共吸附的强弱顺序是ＣｌＯ－４＞ＳＯ２－４＞ＮＯ－３．被诱导共吸附的无机阴离子对ＡＴＵ在电极表面的化学吸附起到稳定剂的作用，有利于ＡＴＵ在电极表面形成致密的吸附层     

缺陷TiO2(110)表面吸附NO从头算研究

应用量子化学从头算方法对ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面发生吸附的四种吸附模型进行了榴型优化，能量计算及Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｅｎ布居分析。计算结果表明，吸附模型Ｍ２－２是ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面发生吸附分解最为有利的模型。据此提出了ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面吸附分解形成Ｎ２Ｏ的可能机理，认为吸附ＮＯ发生该分解反应的反应势垒较自由ＮＯ大大降低，从而催化该反应的发生。该机理与实验的推测一致。     

Si(CH3)3Cl分子电离电势和化学键能的测定

The photoionization spectroscopy of Si(CH3)3Cl in the range of 50 -130 nm was studied with synchrotron radiation source. The adiabatic ionization potentials of molecule Si(CH3)3Cl and radical Si(CH3)3 are 10.06 ±0.02 eV and 7.00±0.03 eV respectively. In addition, the appearance potentials of Si(CH3)2Cl+, Si(CH3)3+, SiCl+ and SiCH3+ were determined:
AP(Si(CH3)2Cl+) ＝10.49±0.02eV, AP(Si(CH3)3+) ＝ 11.91 ±0.02eV
AP(SiCl+) ＝ 18.64 ±0.06eV, AP(SiCH3+)＝ 18.62 ±0.02eV
From these, some chemical bond energies of Si(CH3)3Cl+ were calculated:
D(Si(CH3)2Cl+ - CH3) ＝0.43 ±0.02eV, D(Si(CH3)3+ - Cl) ＝ 1.85 ± 0.02eV
D(SiCH3+ - (2CH3 ＋ Cl)) ＝ 8.56 ± 0．06eV, D(SiCH3+ - 2CH3) ＝6.71±0．06eV
D(SiCl+ - 3CH3) ＝ 8.58 ± 0.06eV, D(SiCl＋- 2CH3) ＝ 8.15 ±0.06eV
D(SiCH3+- (CH3 ＋ Cl)) ＝8.13 ±0.06eV     

He*(23S)/CO2与CS2反应的化学发光

亚稳态原子（或分子）的传能反应，多年来一直受到人们的重视问．Cs。是涉及大气光化学、环境污染的重要分子之一，研究CS。与He”怦S）／CO。的碰撞反应是这些领域共同感兴趣的课题．Masaharu同详细地讨论了He”怦S）／CO与CS。的传能反应·本文在流动余辉装置上，研究了He“怦S）／CO。与CS。传能反应，对实验观察到的电子激发态产物CSt（A、CS（A，a）形成机理进行了讨论．1实验实验装置如图1所示·高纯的He体积分数为99．99％）通过两个装满了分子筛的液氮冷阶进一步提纯，然后由空。。阴极放电产生亚稳态He“炉S）原子·为…     

硫酸溶液中Ce3+在铂电极上阳极氧化动力学

用分解极化曲线法研究了铂电极上Ce（Ⅳ）阳极形成动力学与机理．实验结果表明，电位在1．7—1．9V（vs．SCE）的高极化区，分解得到的O2和Ce（Ⅳ）的极化曲线Tafel斜率分别为2．303RT／βF和2×2．303RT／βF，两者的动力学方程可分别用下式表示：
i(O2)=k1aw4exp(βφF/RT)
i(Ce4+)=k2aw2[Ce3+]exp(βφF/2RT)
假设了Ce3＋是通过反应中间基MCe（OH）3•Oad氧化的机理．由此所导出的动力学方程与实验结果相符．     

钛醚络合物对3TiCl3·AlCl3催化剂表面结构的影响

本实验应用光电子能谱、红外光谱、核磁共振及溶剂剥离等方法证实了钛醚络合物可与3TiCl_3·AlCl_3催化剂发生固相反应:
TiCl_4·2Et_2O+2AlCl_3→TiCl_4+2AlCl_3·Et_2O
经钛醚络合物处理后的催化剂表面可用三层结构模型近似。
钛醚络合物以其给电子体和Lewis酸两种组份影响着催化剂的性能。给电子体组份仍可产生诱导迁移作用, 伴随固相反应还出现局域配位环境的变化, 产生新的表面缺陷, 这些皆有益于反应产物(四氯化钛)的键合负载。
最后对高效载体型催化剂的研制也提出了一些设想。     

RbCl由H2O至混合溶剂(H2O-DMF)标准迁移熵的测定

电解质迁移热力学性质的测定,对于离子溶剂化的研究具有重要意义.迁移自由能主要反映离子与溶剂分子间的相互作用,迁移熵则主要反映不同溶剂分子间的相互作用,迁移熵随温度及溶剂组成的改变可为溶剂的原有结构推测及溶液秩序改变提供信息.我们曾运用离子选择性电极测定了部分碱金属卤化物在水及含水混合溶剂中的热力学性质[1-3].本文用离子选择性电极方法,通过测定不同温度下电池的标准电动势,根据溶液热力学原理,求得ＲｂＣｌ由Ｈ2Ｏ至混合溶剂(Ｈ2ＯＤＭＦ)的标准迁移自由能ΔＧｔ及其温度系数,计算ＲｂＣｌ的标准迁移熵ΔＳｔ.结果尚未见…     

Theoretical Study and NBO Analysis of the Decomposition Kinetics of Oxetane, 2-Methyloxetane and 2,2-Dimethyloxetane

A theoretical study of the thermal decomposition kinetics of oxetane (1), 2-methyloxetane (2), and 2,2-dimethyloxetane (3) has been carried out at the B3LYP/6-311+G**, B3PW91/6-311+G**, and MPW1PW91/6-311+G** levels of theory. The MPW1PW91/6-311+G** method was found to give a reasonable good agreement with the experimental kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. The decomposition reaction of compounds 1～3 yields formaldehyde and the corresponding substituted olefin. Based on the optimized ground state geometries using MPW1PW91/6-311+G** method, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of donor-acceptor (bond-antibond) interactions revealed that the stabilization energies associated with the electronic delocalization from σC3-C4 bonding to σ*O1-C2 antibonding orbitals decrease from compounds 1 to 3. The σC3-C4→σO1-C2 resonance energies for compounds 1～3 are 2.63, 2.59 and 2.45 kcal mol-1, respectively. Further, the results showed that the energy gaps between σC3-C4 bonding and σ*O1-C2 antibonding orbitals decrease from compounds 1 to 3. Also, the decomposition process in these compounds are controlled by σ→σ* resonance energies. Moreover, the obtained order of energy barriers could be explained by the number of electron-releasing methyl groups substituted to the Csp3 atom (which is attached to oxygen atom). NBO analysis shows that the occupancies of σCsp3-O bonds decrease for compounds 1～3 as 3<2<1, and those of σCsp3-O bonds increase in the opposite order (3 > 2 > 1). This fact illustrates a comparatively easier thermal decomposition of the sCsp3-O bond in compound 3 compared to compound 2, and in compound 2 compared to compound 1. NBO results indicate that these reactions are occurring through a concerted and asynchronous four-membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism.     

钴(II)卟啉与咪唑类配体配位反应热力学、动力学

钴（Ⅱ）卟啉能可逆地结合氧而作为血红蛋白的模拟化合物．此外,维生素B12的某些辅酶反应是通过Co（Ⅱ）自由基中间物进行的,而Co（Ⅱ）卟啉的d7Co（Ⅱ）离子在dz2轨道的单个未配对电子使其具有自由基性质,所以人们对钴（Ⅱ）卟啉表示了极大的兴趣[1-5].Walker的早期工作[1]     

由纯组元性质预估过量体积和过量焓——新关联方程的提出

在各种预估溶液过量性质的方法中,以统计力学为基础的Flory法常被采用。在此基础上,Pollin和Fried按虚拟双流体理论所提出的方法使预估的准确性有所提高。其他还可以提到Lieberman以Van der Waals方程为基础的预估方法。本文的目的是从反映液体实际PVT性质的函数关系出发,提出相应的状态方程,并用于推导预估液体溶液过量性质的新关联方程。     

A comparative study on the nature and strength of O–O, S–S, and Se–Se bond

A computational study on dichalcogenide molecules (R₂X₂; X = O, S, Se; R = H, CH₃, NH₂) has been carried out employing B3LYP and MP2 levels using 6-31+G*, 6-311+G*, 6-311++G**, and PVDZ basis sets. The relative energies have been evaluated at G2MP2 also. The rotational barriers and bond dissociation energies indicate that S–S bond is stronger than Se–Se and O–O bond. NBO analysis at MP2/6-31+G* suggest the presence of partial π character between X–X bond that decreases in the order S–S > Se–Se > O–O. Fuki functions for nucleophilic and electrophilic attack fail to distinguish the reactivity of S and Se. The proton affinities of the O₂H₂, S₂H₂, Se₂H₂ decrease in the order Se > S > O.     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

Combustion catalysts La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 supported on γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) and ZrO2 were compared. Further investigation was focused on LSM/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst. It was observed that LSM/γ－Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 20% (mass fraction) LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 or corresponding oxides), heated at 750℃ or above, perovskite-type oxides were found by XRD examination, whereas, the same catalyst loaded with 10% or less LSM, perovskite oxides were absent, calcination temperature about 750℃ is necessary for the formation of perovskite structure in LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. High activity of complete oxidation of xylen will be obtained when perovskite-type oxides.
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃）> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3.