毛细管电泳在完整哺乳动物细胞分析中的应用

作为人体形态结构、生理功能和生长发育的基本单位,细胞的结构功能及行为分析具有重要的研究价值。毛细管电泳作为日渐成熟的微量分析技术在细胞分析及应用方面已取得显著进展。本文综述了毛细管电泳在完整哺乳动物细胞分析中的应用,包括群体细胞分析和完整单细胞分析。所述内容涉及血红细胞、公猪精子、人宫颈癌细胞、人神经母细胞瘤细胞、人结直肠腺癌细胞、人慢性髓系白血病细胞以及鼠小脑颗粒细胞。总结了完整哺乳动物细胞分析的毛细管电泳方法和条件,归纳分析了完整细胞分析中存在的细胞破碎、聚集、沉降、吸附及电泳异质性等关键问题及解决方法。对毛细管电泳在细胞分析方面未来的应用方向进行了展望。综述文献49篇。     

t,F显著性检验应用中的一个问题

文章就ｔ，Ｆ显著性检验在同一个问题上检验判断的不一致性，提出在对一种分析结果（或测试结果）实施鉴定时，有必要同时进行ｔ，Ｆ的联合检验，而只有当联合检验一同被接受之后，所作用出的判定结论才是完整和可信赖的。     

关于宫颈癌变细胞红外光谱测定方法的研究

提出了一种测定癌变细胞的新方法，利用高分辨傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ），对正常人的细胞和千余名宫颈癌患者的细胞进行了对比研究，初步得出该法能在分子水平上揭示出肿瘤细胞与正常细胞的明显差别，并且通过谱图解析，可直接阐明引起谱图变化的主要原因、细胞癌变的可能机理，从而对病程进行预测，为肿瘤疾病的早期诊断展现了良好的前景。     

细胞蛋白质组学和代谢组学整合策略表征散斑型BTB/POZ蛋白质突变调控的关键代谢通路

散斑型BTB/POZ蛋白（SPOP）是前列腺癌中突变率最高的蛋白质之一。该研究通过整合细胞蛋白质组学和代谢组学的方法，揭示SPOP突变引起的代谢紊乱及其调控的代谢通路。首先，系统地研究了LNCaP SPOP野生型及突变型高表达细胞中的代谢变化。代谢组学结果显示，SPOP野生型和突变型（SPOP_Y87N和SPOP_F133L）导入的LNCaP细胞在偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）得分图上得到了很好的区分。进一步通过单因素方差分析发现，SPOP突变引起富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺等代谢物含量的增加。蛋白质组学共发现909种蛋白质在两种LNCaP SPOP突变体细胞中发生变化。分别对差异代谢物和差异蛋白质进行通路富集分析，发现三羧酸循环、氨酰基-转运核糖核酸生物合成在代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析中都发生了明显改变。最后，在SPOP敲除的Du145细胞中验证了上述研究结果。该研究证明SPOP突变可促进三羧酸循环。     

关于癌变细胞红外光谱测定方法的研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）高分辨手段，对正常人的细胞和千余宫颈患者的细胞进行了对比研究，初步得出此方法能在分子水平上揭示出肿瘤细胞与正常细胞的明显差别，并且通过谱图解析，可直接阐明引起民谱图变化的主要原因，细胞癌变的可能机理，从而对病程进行预测，为肿瘤疾病的早期诊断展现了良好的前景。     

外泌体分离技术及其临床应用研究进展

外泌体是细胞通过胞吐过程分泌的一类粒径为30~200 nm的囊泡，其组成包括脂质双分子层以及其内部包裹的细胞来源的蛋白质、核糖核苷酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核苷酸（DNA）等生物分子。作为一种细胞间交流的重要方式，外泌体在一系列生理和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用。由于体液环境复杂，加之自身体积小、密度低，外泌体的富集与分离对于其后续分析和功能研究至关重要。该文介绍了外泌体的研究策略、表征手段及生物学功能和临床应用研究进展，特别对外泌体的提取方法进行了详细介绍，并加以系统评述。     

慢扫速示波计时电位法的研究

慢扫速示波计时电位法的研究朱俊杰，郑建斌，胡娟，高鸿（南京大学化学系，南京，２１０００８）关键词慢扫速示波计时电位法，切口，灵敏度在经典示波计时电位法中接受信号的装置是示波器，这是由于使用交流电的频率较高（一般大于１０Ｈｚ）［１］，只有通过示波器才能...     

细胞表面壳化的研究进展

细胞表面壳化主要是通过物理、化学等技术方法对细胞表面进行修饰,形成完整均匀的有机、无机、金属纳米粒子或者复合壳层结构,从而使不能自身壳化的生物细胞表面形成保护壳甚至赋予细胞新的功能,使细胞具备多功能性。近年来,此技术在细胞存储、细胞运输、细胞传感器、细胞芯片以及细胞治疗等方面应用广泛,发展迅速。本文综合目前的研究现状,详细介绍了可进行细胞表面壳化的细胞类型、生物表面壳化的方法以及人造细胞外壳的工程技术在生物医学以及能源环境中的应用等。     

键合于聚苯乙烯的铁（Ⅲ）卟啉的合成、表征及其模拟细胞色素P450催化环己烷的羟化作用

三种铁（Ⅲ）卟啉配合物被直接固载于聚苯乙烯。ＵＶ—ｖｉｓ，ＩＲ和ＥＰＲ研究表明，铁（Ⅲ）卟啉是通过醚键共价键合于聚苯乙烯，中心离子铁（Ⅲ）处于高自旋态（Ｓ＝５／２）。研究了它们作为细胞色素Ｐ４５０模拟体，在以Ｏ２为氧源时对环己烷羧化的催化作用，对影响催化活性的因素进行了讨论。     

纳米银颗粒通过血脑屏障中剂量-效应关系的初步研究

目的:本文研究了纳米银颗粒通过血脑屏障的剂量-效应关系,并对其通过血脑屏障的机理进行了初步推测。方法:研究中先建立了一个体外血脑屏障模型,再以纳米银颗粒为试验样品、微米银颗粒为对照样品,将不同浓度(25~400μg.mL-1)的试样和对照样加入体外血脑屏障模型中共同培养4 h,之后利用ICP-MS测定通过血脑屏障的银颗粒百分比,并采用TEM观察BBB细胞的超微结构。结果:在相同剂量下,只有纳米银颗粒能通过血脑屏障;当纳米银颗粒的剂量小于100μg.mL-1时,血脑屏障结构完整,有约2%纳米银颗粒通过血脑屏障;当纳米银颗粒剂量在100~400μg.mL-1的范围内时,随纳米银颗粒剂量增加,纳米银颗粒通过血脑屏障的比率也会相应增加,而且血脑屏障结构被破坏的程度也相应增加。纳米银颗粒剂量为400μg.mL-1时,有约15%的纳米银颗粒通过了血脑屏障。结论:初步推断,在剂量较低时,纳米银颗粒主要通过"细胞转运机理"通过血脑屏障,当剂量大到足以对脑毛细血管内皮细胞产生足够的细胞毒性时,"细胞毒性机理"将起主要作用。这也提示我们,即使剂量很小,纳米银颗粒仍能通过血脑屏障。因此在使用含有纳米银颗粒的医用产品甚至保健品时应持谨慎的态度。     

Microcalorimetric investigations of the energy metabolism of some reptiles

Energy metabolism of 16 lacertide lizards and 12 snakes was investigated by means of two Calvet microcalorimeters. Heat production is compared with oxygen consumption, rendering a value near to the theoretical value (19.3 $\text{J}\text{ml}$ oxygen) predicted for food mainly composed of lipids and proteins. Electrical stimulation of some of the experimental lizards and snakes showed burst-off behaviour and a strong increase in anaerobic metabolism with a consequent compensation of the oxygen debt. The experiments are discussed in connection with the usual indirect calorimetry.     

High cell density cultures of schizosaccharomyces pombe in a cell-recycle reactor

Cultivation of the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe in a cellrecycle fermentor with cross-flow filtration using mineral membranes to recycle the biomass is described. Total cell retention resulted in high cell density cultures with high productivities. The dependence of both the growth kinetics and metabolic status on the operating conditions was identified and quantified. Growth was controlled by the inhibitory effect of ethanol so long as glucose was in excess as might be expected for fermentative metabolism. Under oxygen excess conditions, a partly oxidative catabolism of glucose occurred due to growth limitation by the glucose feed flow. The cells displayed a purely oxidative metabolism when ethanol was not present in the broth but a respiro-fermentative metabolism when ethanol was present as was the case when oxygen supply to the culture was limiting.     

A Bioinorganic View of Alzheimer’s Disease: When Misplaced Metal Ions (Re)direct the Electrons to the Wrong Target

Metal ions Cu, Zn and Fe, seem to play a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In order to understand this in a broader sense, one has to considerer the peculiarities of metal metabolism in the brain compared to most other tissues, as well as the importance of the redox active metal ions, Fe and Cu, in oxygen metabolism and the connected oxidative stress.     

Development of a respirometric biochip for embryo assessment

A prototype respirometric biochip dedicated to monitoring oxygen consumption of preimplantation embryos has been developed. The biochip comprises a linear array of eight flow-through microchambers profiled on silicon substrate, and functions together with a phosphorescent oxygen sensitive probe and fluorescence plate reader detection. A high level of sensitivity to changes in dissolved oxygen was achieved through miniaturisation and optimization of biochip geometry, and incorporation of appropriate sealing and humidification systems. The biochips have allowed characterisation of oxygen consumption, by 2 cell and blastocyst stage preimplantation mouse embryos, through monitoring as few as ten preimplantation embryos over a one-hour time period. They provide a non-invasive, simple and convenient means for assessing preimplantation embryo metabolism.     

镉与植物活性氧代谢

镉是毒性最强的重金属之一，对人体健康具有潜在危害。研究证实，镉影响植物活性氧代谢，进而导致植物生理功能紊乱。     

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in the heart of translationally controlled tumor protein over-expressing transgenic mice

We previously reported that transgenic (TG) mice over-expressing translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) developed systemic arterial hypertension at about 6 weeks after birth. In the present study, we identified, using proteomics technologies, 24 other proteins that were differentially expressed in the heart of TCTP over-expressing TG mice. These 24 proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes such as reactive oxygen species metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. We determined protein expression levels of the peroxiredoxin (Prx)2, Prx3, myosin light chain 1, stress protein (heat shock protein) 25K, and T-complex protein 1 alpha subunit by western blot analysis. Over-expression of TCTP probably regulates the expression of other proteins which play a pivotal role in a variety of cellular functions in TCTP over-expressing TG mice.     

CHEMIEXCITATION IN THE PEROXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF N-METHYLCARBAZOLE: MECHANISTIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract: The peroxidative metabolism of N -methylcarbazole emits light independently of the presence of oxygen. It is likely that two chemiexcited transients are formed by electron transfer to the activated peroxidase, the cation radical by one electron transfer and a cation biradical by two electron transfer consistent with the failure to observe horseradish peroxidase-II in the steady state of the reaction. In the spectral range investigated (390–700 nm) the observed emission (570–700 nm) is ascribed to the biradical, as the latter is equivalent to an excited state of the postulated iminium cation.
While lipoxygenase has no effect upon N -methylcarbazole, it markedly enhances the emission if peroxidase is present. This effect requires oxygen and is ascribed to an excited product formed by lipoxygenase acting upon an intermediate hydroperoxide of the aerobic process promoted by peroxidase.
Our results are of importance on two counts. First they extend to N -rnethylcarbazole the formation of excited species in the peroxidative metabolism of important xenobiotics. Second, the mechanistic information they provide supports the scheme of metabolism postulated by Kedderis et al. (1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15910–15914).     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联质谱研究四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基醚)诱导大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞呼吸链氧化磷酸化和能量代谢紊乱

四溴双酚A衍生物的毒理学研究亟须开展。已有研究发现四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基醚)(tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether),TBBPA-BHEE)可诱导大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12)活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的生成。然而TBBPA-BHEE对PC12细胞线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程的干扰机制尚不明确,TBBPA-BHEE是否通过破坏线粒体功能干扰细胞能量代谢亟待进一步探讨。建立了基于HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析PC12细胞内ATP、ADP、AMP及cAMP(cyclic AMP)浓度的方法,在此基础上评价了TBBPA-BHEE暴露对PC12线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程及能量代谢的影响。研究发现,TBBPA-BHEE可加速PC12线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程;TBBPA-BHEE诱导的PC12线粒体功能紊乱可引起细胞能量代谢紊乱。一方面揭示了TBBPA-BHEE对PC12潜在的毒性作用机制,另一方面也证实HPLC-ESI-MS/MS是研究细胞线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化及能量代谢过程的有力工具。     

Mass Transfer Analysis of Growth and Substance Metabolism of NSCs Cultured in Collagen-Based Scaffold In Vitro

The aim of this study is to analyze the growth and substance metabolism of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in biological collagen-based scaffolds. Mass transfer and metabolism model of glucose, lactic acid, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were established and solved on MATLAB platform to obtain the concentration distributions of DO, glucose, and lactic acid in culture system, respectively. Calculation results showed that the DO influenced their normal growth and metabolism of NSCs mostly in the in vitro culture within collagen-based scaffolds. This study also confirmed that 2-mm thickness of collagen scaffold was capable of in vitro cultivation and growth of NSCs with an inoculating density of 1?×?10⁶ cells/mL.     

Capacity of Tea Scavenging Singlet Oxygen Studied by Means of 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran as Fluorescence Probe

1 Introduction In recent years, the effects of reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated in the course of biological metabolism, such as superoxide(O_2~(-.)), hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2), hydroxyl radical(HO~.) and singlet oxygen(~1O_2) on the human health have received more attention due to their vital roles in physiological functions. Normally, antioxidant molecules, superoxide dismutase and catalase in biological organism can scavenge excessive free radicals by a series of chemical reactions to keep the cells in a state of redox homeostasis[1].