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1.
空化作为一种重要的复杂水动力学现象,具有明显的三维流动特征与剧烈的非定常特性,在水力机械、船舶推进器、水利工程中广泛存在,且通常会带来不利的影响,长期以来一直是水动力学领域研究的重点与难点课题之一.本文首先从实验测量和数值模拟两个角度,综述了空化水动力学非定常特性研究的发展概况,分析了当前存在的问题.在空化实验研究中,主要介绍了空化水洞、空化流场测量以及多物理场同步测量等方面所取得的进展.在数值模拟方法中,对目前的空化模型和湍流模型进行了分类介绍,并重点讨论了大涡模拟、验证和确认等在空化流模拟中的应用.之后以附着型空化为主,同时兼顾云状空泡、空蚀、涡空化等,梳理了其研究中存在的几个关键科学问题,包括空化演变、空化流动的三维结构、失稳机制、空化不稳定性及其与低频压力脉动的联系、空化与旋涡的相互作用、空化与弹性水翼的流固耦合、空化对尾流场影响等.最后展望了空化水动力学的研究方向和未来发展趋势.  相似文献   

2.
云状空化非定常脱落机理的数值与实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张博  王国玉  黄彪  余志毅 《力学学报》2009,41(5):651-659
结合数值计算和实验技术研究了云状空化的非定常脱落机理. 实验采用高速录像技术观察了绕Clark-y型水翼云状空化形态随时间的变化. 数值计算采用了汽-液两相的当地均相流模型,湍流封闭采用了一种修正的RNG k-\varepsilon方程,利用商业软件的二次开发技术,引入了一种与空化区域水汽相密度相关的系数,对湍流模型进行了修正. 计算和实验结果均表明:云状空化尾部存在着准周期性的涡状空化团的脱落;局部压强的增加是引起空穴断裂进而脱落的直接原因;压强升高是由于近壁处的反向射流引起的;空穴尾部的大规模的旋涡运动引起的近壁处的逆压梯度是引起反向射流的主要原因.   相似文献   

3.
谢庆墨  陈亮  张桂勇  孙铁志 《力学学报》2020,52(4):1045-1054
空化是船舶和水下航行体推进器中经常发生的一种特殊流动现象,它具有强烈的非定常性,空化的发生往往会影响推进器的水动力性能和效率. 为探究绕水翼非定常空化流场结构,本文基于 Schnerr-Sauer 空化模型和 SST $k$-$\omega $ 湍流模型,开展绕二维水翼非定常空化流动数值预报与流场结构分析. 通过将数值预报的空泡形态演变和压力数据与试验结果对比,验证了建立的数值方法的有效性. 并基于动力学模态分解方法对空化流场的速度场进行模态分解,分析了各个模态的流场特征. 结果表明,第一阶模态对应频率为 0,代表平均流场;第二阶模态对应频率约为空泡脱落频率,揭示了空泡在水翼前缘周期性地生长与脱落,第三阶模态对应频率约为第二阶模态的 2 倍,揭示了两个大尺度旋涡在水翼后方存在融合行为. 第四阶模态对应频率约为第二阶模态的 3 倍,具有更高的频率,表征流场中存在一些小尺度旋涡的融合行为. 最后对不同空化数下的空化流场进行了模态分解分析,发现脱落空泡的旋涡结构随着空化数的减小而增大,第二阶模态频率随着空化数的减小而减小.   相似文献   

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高速航行体水下发射水动力学研究, 是具有重大工程应用背景的前沿基础问题.与之紧密相关的非定常空化流动, 特别是空泡稳定性、溃灭等问题, 是影响发射载荷及安全性的关键.本文首先简述了这一领域的主要科学问题, 归纳了主要控制参数和影响方式; 之后针对非定常空化流动问题, 综述了已有的实验观测手段及数值模拟方法; 总结了空泡发展、稳定性、溃灭及流动控制等重要物理机制、模型及各因素相互作用规律; 最后展望了该领域仍存在的主要科学问题与未来发展趋势.   相似文献   

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超声珩磨作用下两空化泡动力学特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探讨超声珩磨作用下磨削区的空化机理,基于速度势叠加原理,考虑超声珩磨速度和珩磨压力,建立了磨削区两空化泡的动力学模型. 数值模拟了磨削区空化泡初始半径、两空化泡间距、超声声压幅值、珩磨压力、珩磨头转速对磨削区两空化泡动力学特性的影响. 研究表明,考虑两空化泡之间的相互作用时,要想获得良好的空化效果,可将两空化泡初始半径之比控制在3 倍以内;选择较高的超声波声压幅值与较低的珩磨压力,并且使超声波声压幅值与珩磨压力和液体静压力之差介于0.66~1.89MPa 之间;增大珩磨头转速空化泡溃灭也略有加速;通过试验测量材料表面粗糙度的方法间接验证了理论分析的合理性.   相似文献   

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采用大涡模拟方法对绕水翼云状空化的水动力特性和非定常流场结构进行研究. 基于实验结果对数值方法进行验证,分析空化与流场内部涡旋结构之间的相互作用以及对水翼动力特性的影响. 研究结果表明:大涡模拟方法可以准确模拟绕水翼流动的非定常过程. 在无空化条件下,升阻力系数存在斯特劳哈数St = 0.85 的主频波动,这是由水翼尾部涡旋结构的发展脱落引起的;在云状空化条件下,升阻力系数存在St = 0.34 的高能量密度低频波动,这是由大规模云状空泡团的发展和脱落引起的;云状空化阶段的升阻力系数在St = 0.5~1.5 的范围内都存在较高的波动,这是由于空化现象对水翼尾缘涡旋结构的发展和脱落产生影响,在不同发展阶段,空化现象不同程度地降低尾缘涡旋结构脱落频率.   相似文献   

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为了研究细长体水下高速运动时空泡的产生、闭合及脱落特性,及影响细长体空泡形态及弹道特性的复杂因素等,初步开展了细长体模型水下高速运动的实验研究,分析了不同初始空化数下细长体模型在水中高速运动的一系列流动现象,重点研究了空泡的发展、闭合、尾部回射流和尾部脱落特性,以及轴对称细长体模型弹道特性与空泡形态变化之间的关系和转动特性随时间的变化历程等。结果表明:细长体水下高速运动时形成超空泡,空泡头部光滑透明,尾部凝结有汽水混合物且有交替脱落的含气漩涡;初始空化数对细长体的速度衰减有所影响;受初始扰动影响,细长体水下运动伴随有绕头部的转动且初始扰动影响细长体俯仰角随时间的变化历程。  相似文献   

8.
用计算流体力学方法,数值模拟水润滑轴承空化-冲蚀交互作用时气液固三相流场的动力学特性(压力场、速度场、气含率分布),然后在水润滑轴承摩擦磨损装置上,进行试件磨损试验,并观察试件表面形貌.结果表明:考虑空化影响后,水润滑轴承整个流场压力分布更接近实际;数值模拟所得的流场压力、速度、气含率最大值,均出现在发生空化的位置附近,其余位置基本不变,说明交互磨损比单一磨损严重.观察试件表面磨痕,存在短程犁沟、空蚀针孔、麻点状气蚀坑和蚀坑,磨痕呈现规律性,磨痕与轴转速的方向基本一致.试验结果和数值计算吻合较好,证明了理论分析的正确与合理.上述仿真与试验初步探讨了水润滑轴承空化与冲蚀交互作用的磨损机理与影响因素.  相似文献   

9.
田北晨  李林敏  陈杰  黄彪  曹军伟 《力学学报》2022,54(6):1557-1571
空化的多尺度效应是一种涉及连续介质尺度、微尺度空化泡以及不同尺度间相互转化的复杂水动力学现象, 跨尺度模型的构建是解析该多尺度现象的关键. 本文基于欧拉-拉格朗日联合算法, 通过界面捕捉法求解欧拉体系下大尺度空穴演化, 通过拉格朗日体系下离散空泡模型求解亚网格尺度离散空泡的运动及生长溃灭. 同时, 通过判断空泡与网格尺度间的关系判定不同尺度空化泡的求解模型. 基于建立的多尺度算法对绕NACA66水翼空化流动进行模拟, 将数值结果与实验进行对比, 验证了数值计算方法的准确性. 研究结果表明, 离散空泡数量与空化发展阶段密切相关, 在附着型片状空穴生长阶段, 离散空泡数量波动较小, 离散空泡主要分布在气液交界面位置; 在回射流发展阶段, 离散空泡逐渐增加并分布在回射流扰动区; 在云状空穴溃灭阶段, 离散空泡数量增多且主要分布在气液掺混剧烈的空化云团溃灭区. 在各空化发展阶段, 离散空泡直径概率密度函数均符合伽玛分布. 空化湍流流场特性对拉格朗日空泡空间分布具有重要影响, 离散空泡主要分布在强湍脉动区、旋涡及回射流发展区域.   相似文献   

10.
程怀玉  季斌  龙新平  槐文信 《力学学报》2021,53(5):1268-1287
利用大涡模拟方法及一个考虑气核效应的欧拉?拉格朗日新空化模型,对绕NACA0009水翼叶顶间隙泄漏涡(top-leakage vortex,TLV)及其空化流动开展了高精度的模拟,结果显示数值模拟与实验吻合较好.在此基础上进一步讨论了不同间隙大小对TLV空化的演变行为及其发生前后TLV强度、气核分布以及切向速度分布等特...  相似文献   

11.
空化作为一种重要的复杂水动力学现象,具有明显的三维流动特征与剧烈的非定常特性,在水力机械、船舶推进器、水利工程中广泛存在,且通常会带来不利的影响,长期以来一直是水动力学领域研究的重点与难点课题之一.本文首先从实验测量和数值模拟两个角度,综述了空化水动力学非定常特性研究的发展概况, 分析了当前存在的问题.在空化实验研究中,主要介绍了空化水洞、空化流场测量以及多物理场同步测量等方面所取得的进展.在数值模拟方法中, 对目前的空化模型和湍流模型进行了分类介绍,并重点讨论了大涡模拟、验证和确认等在空化流模拟中的应用.之后以附着型空化为主, 同时兼顾云状空泡、空蚀、涡空化等,梳理了其研究中存在的几个关键科学问题,包括空化演变、空化流动的三维结构、失稳机制、空化不稳定性及其与低频压力脉动的联系、空化与旋涡的相互作用、空化与弹性水翼的流固耦合、空化对尾流场影响等.最后展望了空化水动力学的研究方向和未来发展趋势.  相似文献   

12.
A local vortical cavitation(LVC) model for the computation of unsteady cavitation is proposed.The model is derived from the Rayleigh–Plesset equations,and takes into account the relations between the cavitation bubble radius and local vortical effects.Calculations of unsteady cloud cavitating fows around a Clark-Y hydrofoil are performed to assess the predictive capability of the LVC model using well-documented experimental data.Compared with the conventional Zwart's model,better agreement is observed between the predictions of the LVC model and experimental data,including measurements of time-averaged fl w structures,instantaneous cavity shapes and the frequency of the cloud cavity shedding process.Based on the predictions of the LVC model,it is demonstrated that the evaporation process largely concentrates in the core region of the leading edge vorticity in accordance with the growth in the attached cavity,and the condensation process concentrates in the core region of the trailing edge vorticity,which corresponds to the spread of the rear component of the attached cavity.When the attached cavity breaks up and moves downstream,the condensation area fully transports to the wake region,which is in accordance with the dissipation of the detached cavity.Furthermore,using vorticity transport equations,we also fin that the periodic formation,breakup,and shedding of the sheet/cloud cavities,along with the associated baroclinic torque,are important mechanisms for vorticity production and modification When the attached cavity grows,the liquid–vapour interface that moves towards the trailing edge enhances the vorticity in the attached cav-ity closure region.As the re-entrant jet moves upstream,the wavy/bubbly cavity interface enhances the vorticity near the trailing edge.At the end of the cycle,the break-up of the stable attached cavity is the main reason for the vorticity enhancement near the suction surface.  相似文献   

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An experimental study of flow around a blade with a modified NACA 4418 profile was conducted in a water tunnel that also enables control of the cavitation conditions within it. Pressure, lift force, drag force and pitching moment acting on the blade were measured for different blade angles and cavitation numbers, respectively. Relationships between these parameters were elaborated and some of them are presented here in dimensionless form. The analysis of results confirmed that cavitation changes the pressure distribution significantly. As a consequence, lift force and pitching moment are reduced, and the drag force is increased. When the cavitation cloud covers one side of the blade and the flow becomes more and more vaporous, the drag force also begins to decrease. The cavity length is increased by increasing the blade angle and by decreasing thé cavitation number.List of symbols A (m2) blade area,B ·L - B (m) blade width - C D (–) drag coefficient,F D /(p d ·A) - C L (–) lift coefficient,F L /(P d ·A) - C M (–) pitching moment coefficient,M/(P d ·A ·L) - C p (–) pressure coefficient, (p-p r )/p d - F (N) force - L (m) blade length - M (Nm) pitching moment - p (Pa) local pressure on blade surface - p d (Pa) dynamic pressure, ·V 2/2 - p r (Pa) reference wall pressure at blade nose position if there would be no blade in the tunnel - p v (Pa) vapor pressure - p 1 (Pa) wall pressure 350 mm in front of thé blade axis - Re (–) Reynolds number,V ·L/v - V (m/s) mean velocity of flow in the tunnel - x (m) Cartesian coordinate along thé blade profile cord - x c (m) cavity length,x-coordinate of cavity end - (°) blade angle - v (m2/s2) kinematic viscosity - (kg/m3) fluid density - (–) cavitation number, (p r p v )/p d - (°) angle of tangent to thé blade profile contour  相似文献   

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The characteristics of flow past a two-dimensional equilateral prism are experimentally studied at different angles of incidence to the approach flow. Tests were conducted in a water tunnel suitable for cavitation studies. The presence of cavitation facilitated excellent visual observations of the wake region. The mean separation pressure coefficients and the vortex-shedding frequency were determined at various degrees of cavitation for five different orientations of the prism. The latter determines, to a large extent, the vibration characteristics of the system in which the prismatic elements are located.  相似文献   

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The objective of this work is to simulate and analyze the formations of three-dimensional tip leakage vortex (TLV) cavitation cloud and the periodic collapse of TLV-induced suction-side-perpendicular cavitating vortice (SSPCV). Firstly, the improved SST kω turbulence model and the homogeneous cavitation model were validated by comparing the simulation result with the experiment of unsteady cavitation shedding flow around the NACA66-mod hydrofoil, and then the unsteady TLV cloud cavitation and unstable SSPCV in an axial flow pump were predicted using the improved numerical method. The predicted three-dimensional cavitation structures of TLV and SSPCV as well as the collapsing features show a good qualitative agreement with the high speed photography results. Numerical results show that the TLV cavitation cloud in the axial flow pump mainly includes tip clearance cavitation, shear layer cavitation, and TLV cavitation. The unsteady TLV cavitation cloud occurs near the blade trailing edge (TE) where the shapes of sheet cavitation and TLV cavitation fluctuate. The inception of SSPCV is attributed to the tail of the shedding cavitation cloud originally attached on the suction side (SS) surface of blade, and the entrainment affect of the TLV and the influence of the tip leakage flow at the tailing edge contribute to the orientation and development of the SSPCV. The existence of SSPCV was evidently approved to be a universal phenomenon in axial flow pumps. At the part-load flow rate condition, the SSPCV may trigger cavitation instability and suppress the tip cavitation in the neighboring blade. The cavitation cloud on the SS surface of the neighboring blade grows massively, accompanying with a new SSPCV in the neighboring flow passage, and this SSPCV collapses in a relatively short time.  相似文献   

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