叶片扰流器对风力机性能影响的数值研究

风力发电机组不断向大型化发展,风力机叶片的长度越来越长,为满足其结构要求,需要在叶片内侧采用厚翼型,而厚翼型在大攻角下容易导致流动分离,影响功率输出。本文通过对某一风力机叶片进行数值模拟,分析其近叶根处的流场,发现存在较大的流动分离现象。针对两种工况,在叶片内侧最大弦长位置增加环形扰流器后进行数值模拟,与原始叶片进行比较。结果表明:扰流器可以有效减小叶片内侧的流动分离区域,风速为11 m/s和15 m/s时功率都得到一定程度的提高,扰流器附近截面上的压力分布也有所改善。     

基于风力机叶片铺层的频率优化设计

从叶片的铺层角度出发,编程建立了一种风力机叶片的约束优化设计模型。采用风力机叶片主梁帽的铺层厚度及位置为优化设计变量,在保证气动外形不变,满足各种约束的情况下,以获得最大一阶挥舞频率为设计目标,使用改进粒子群算法进行搜索约束优化解。结果表明:合理地设计主梁帽的铺层厚度和位置能得到更好的结果,验证了模型的有效性。优化结果对工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

叶片弯掠对风力机气动性能的影响

叶片形状的变化对叶片的气动性能有着显著的影响,采用合理的叶片形状可以有效地提高叶片的气动性能。本文采用带自由尾迹的升力面法,研究了风力机叶片的弯掠对风力机整体气动性能的影响。预测结果显示采用前后掠的叶片在一定程度上改变风力机的风能利用系数。使用后掠叶片使叶片在中后段部分所受升力小于前掠叶片上对应升力,而在叶片前端所受升力大于前掠叶片上对应升力,同时使用后掠叶片将在一定程度上增加风力机风能利用系数,而使用前掠叶片则减少风力机风能利用系数。采用上弯或下弯形式的叶片同样也会在一定程度上提高风力机的风能利用系数。     

风力机叶片FRP铺层结构强度与失效预测

本文通过对一40 m商业风力机叶片进行三维建模和详细的结构铺层,在叶根挥舞极限载荷条件下研究了叶片铺层结构强度。模型重量及模态频率与试验值吻合很好;主梁帽承受较大的载荷;在主梁帽内段及叶根过渡区域纤维失效因子较大,吸力面与压力面纤维失效因子大小与受力规律不一致;主梁帽在叶根过渡处纤维(层)间失效因子较大,主梁帽靠近叶根段表现为C型失效模式,中段表现为B型失效模式,其余大部分位置表现为A型失效模式。     

海上风电叶片智能控制实验系统研制及控制效果分析

随着风力机大型化发展,叶片尾缘襟翼控制技术,作为叶片流场主动控制的一种有效手段,能够有效、快速、灵活地降低叶片载荷,提高风力机,特别是大型风力机的可靠性、经济性,该技术受到国内外的广泛关注.为深入了解叶片襟翼实际作用效果及降载机制,在大量数值仿真计算工作基础上,需进一步开展带有襟翼控制的模型风力机风洞实验工作.本文在相...     

燃气轮机机理建模与性能监测

燃气轮机电厂是电网调峰和分布式能源系统中的重要组成部分,其安全稳定运行和快速响应对燃气轮机性能要求较高,因此对燃气轮机进行性能监测有着重要意义。本文采用了模块化机理建模的方法,基于MATLAB平台,建立了简单循环单轴燃气轮机数学模型,并以某典型9E燃气轮机的实际运行数据进行了模型验证,结果表明本文所建模型可以较准确地反映燃气轮机性能。此外,本文所建数学模型具有一定的普适性,通过输入不同的设计参数,可以用于不同等级、不同型号燃气轮机的性能研究。     

共焦显微镜扫描工作台的系统建模与动态分析

共焦显微镜扫描工作台动态模型是研究控制系统的重要依据,它直接影响工作台的重复定位精度.提出了将机械部分和电气部分分开建模的方法,建立了系统数学模型,该方法具有较好的可移植性,建模过程简单,有利于分析系统各环节对系统控制性能的影响.在MATLAB/Simulink下进行仿真,2 s内系统达到了稳定状态,证明了系统具有很好的动态特性,满足控制的要求.     

涡轮叶片前缘阵列冲击冷却流动及传热特性数值研究

本文采用SST湍流模型模拟了类前缘通道内蒸汽射流阵列冲击冷却的流动与传热特性,分析了雷诺数(Re=10000～50000)、孔径比(d/H=0.5～0.9)和孔间距比(S/H=2～6)对流动及传热性能的影响规律,得到了相应的传热和摩擦关联式。结果表明:在不同雷诺数下,d/H从0.5到0.9变化时,通道压力损失系数降低了76%～79%,靶面平均努塞尔数降低了45%～49%;S/H从2增至6时,通道压力损失系数增加了1.64～1.92倍,靶面平均努塞尔数增加了54%～64%;增大d/H、减小S/H可有效提高类前缘通道蒸汽冲击冷却的综合热力系数。本文研究结果可为未来先进燃气轮机高温涡轮叶片蒸汽冷却结构的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Shell Model for Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Gallium Nitride with Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure

Shell model molecular dynamic simulation with interatomic pair potential is utilized to investigate the elastic and thermodynamic properties of gallium nitride with hexagonal wurtzite structure （w-GaN） at high pressure. The calculated elastic constants Cij at zero pressure and 300 K agree well with the experimental data and other calculated values. Meanwhile, the dependences of the relative volume V/Vo, elastic constants Cij, entropy S, enthalpy H, and heat capacities Cv and Up on pressure are successfully obtained. From the elastic constants obtained, we also calculate the shear modulus G, bulk modulus B, Young＇s modulus E, Poisson＇s ratio v, Debye temperature ΘD, and shear anisotropic factor Ashear on pressures.     

Phonon Dispersion and Thermodynamics Properties of CaF2 via Shell Model Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The phonon and thermodynamics properties of face-centered cubic CaF2 at high pressure and high temperature are investigated by using the shell model interatomic pair potential within General Utility Lattice Program （GULP）. The phonon dispersion curves and the corresponding density of state （PDOS） in this work are consistent with the experimental data and other theoretical results. The transverse optical （TO） and longitudinal optical （LO） mode splitting as well as heat capacity at constant volume Cv and entropy S versus pressure and temperature are also obtained.     

Tb(Asprin)_3Phen/SiO_2壳/核型纳米材料的合成和光学性质

利用W/O微乳液方法合成了直径为40 nm的具有类壳/核结构的Tb(Asprin)3Phen/SiO2纳米球.透射电子显微镜(TEM)证实了该纳米球具有尺寸均一,分散性好的特点.另外,通过TEOS与APS在微乳液中同时水解,在材料的表面引入了大量的氨基,为材料的生物应用提供了有利的条件.红外光谱(FT-IR)和光致发光光谱分析也显示了这种材料在生物领域中有着潜在的应用前景.     

磁液变形镜的镜面动力学建模和实验验证

磁性液体是磁性纳米微粒分散在基液中形成的具有磁性又具有流动性的稳定胶体.磁性液体的流动性会随着周围磁场的变化而改变,基于磁性液体的变形镜的反射镜面通过液面下方驱动器阵列所产生的局部扰动磁场而变形.磁性液体变形镜与传统的变形镜相比,具有镜面连续平滑、变形行程大、制造成本低、易扩展等优点.本文以基于方形驱动器阵列的磁液变形镜为例,考虑磁性液体受重力场、电场、磁场多物理场耦合的作用,在笛卡尔坐标系中建立了磁液变形镜的动力学模型;然后基于推导出的理论模型,设计了磁液变形镜的结构和参数,并用MATLAB,COMSOL Multiphysics和Tracepro软件联合仿真了磁液变形镜镜面响应性能;最后搭建基于磁液变形镜原型样机的自适应光学系统,测试了磁液变形镜的镜面响应线性度和动力学特性,实验结果验证了所建模型的准确性和磁液变形镜面形控制性能.     

5MW大型风力机气动特性计算及分析

分别采用BEM和CFD方法对NREL 5 MW风力机的气动特性进行计算,通过分析不同风速下各气动参数的变化规律,揭示了大型变速变桨风力机的功率特性和载荷特性。两种计算结果的详细对比和分析表明,高风速时由于雷诺数大幅增加,BEM方法计算的功率和载荷偏大,在采用BEM方法进行大型风力机的气动设计和校核时,应当考虑雷诺数的影响。同时,失速延迟修正和叶尖损失修正模型在高风速时有较大误差,有必要深入验证传统的修正模型在大型风力机上的适用性。     

数控裁剪机切割刀壳体振动噪声预测分析

高频往复式切割刀是柔性材料数控裁剪机的核心部件.该文对切割刀壳体的振动噪声改进措施进行研究.首先对切割刀进行刚体动力学分析,获取其所受动载荷情况,并通过数值计算验证了切割刀刚体动力学模型的可靠性.其次,基于有限元法获取切割刀壳体模态特性,并通过锤击激振实验验证了有限元模型的准确性.然后基于模态仿真结果进行谐响应分析,将...     

Modeling and experimental investigation of short pulse Raman microchip laser

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of passive Q-switch Raman microchip lasers based on Nd³⁺:LSB active medium and Ba(NO₃)₂ Raman crystal are presented. It has been demonstrated that intracavity Raman conversion in the microchip lasers is a simple and efficient method, capable of delivering high power pulses with sub-100 ps duration. Intracavity generation of the 1st Stokes pulses with duration from 180 down to 48 ps and a peak power of 48 kW has been performed and studied. High peak power and short duration of the 1st Stokes pulses in microchip laser with Ba(NO₃)₂ Raman crystal allows to easily perform extracavity harmonic generation and frequency sum mixing in LBO, BBO, and KTP crystals with discrete-tunable wavelength from ∼1200 down to ∼240 nm. We have developed a generalized model of Q-switched Raman microchip lasers, that takes into account spatial inhomogeneity of pump, laser, and Stokes beams, thermalization within the upper and lower multiplets of activator ions in laser medium, and saturable absorber bleaching and recovery. For the microchip lasers with different saturable absorbers, the model achieves very good agreement with the presented experimental results in a wide range of pump powers.     

全波形激光雷达回波信号建模仿真与分析

全波形回波信号建模仿真与分析是全波形激光雷达探测技术的一项重要研究内容。针对激光束在目标场景中投影点的获取问题,提出了一种基于激光束空间边界的光线求交快速算法,运算效率高,稳定性好。基于激光雷达信号的时空分布特性,推算出目标场景对信号的响应函数,建立二者的作用过程模型。并针对全回波检测技术中的距离选通探测模式,对目标回波信号与距离选通门限的位置关系进行了分类建模和分析。在研究以上三项关键技术的基础上,构建了全波形激光雷达回波信号仿真系统,仿真实现和分析了不同距离选通门限条件下的全波形回波信号特性,并生成了复杂场景下隐蔽目标的全波形激光雷达数据。     

Modeling and Analysis of Social Phenomena: Challenges and Possible Research Directions

This opening editorial aims to interest researchers and encourage novel research in the closely related fields of sociophysics and computational social science. We briefly discuss challenges and possible research directions in the study of social phenomena, with a particular focus on opinion dynamics. The aim of this Special Issue is to allow physicists, mathematicians, engineers and social scientists to show their current research interests in social dynamics, as well as to collect recent advances and new techniques in the analysis of social systems.     

核/壳结构ZnS : Mn/CdS纳米粒子的制备及发光

利用溶剂热法制备了Mn离子掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子(ZnS : Mn),利用沉淀法对ZnS ∶ Mn纳米粒子进行了不同厚度的CdS无机壳层包覆。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及光致发光(PL)光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。TEM显示粒子为球形,直径大约在14~18 nm之间。由XRD结果可以看出CdS壳层的形成过程受到了ZnS ∶ Mn核的影响,导致其结晶较差。XRD和XPS测量证明了ZnS : Mn/CdS的核壳结构。随着CdS壳层的增厚,样品的发光强度呈现一直减弱的现象。     

核/壳结构的ZnS:Mn/SiO_2纳米粒子的制备及发光性质研究

采用溶剂热法制备了Mn离子掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子(ZnS∶Mn),然后利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解反应对其进行了不同厚度的SiO2无机壳层包覆。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及荧光发射光谱(PL)对样品的结构及光学性质进行了表征和研究。包覆SiO2壳层后,粒子的粒径明显增大并且在ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子表面可以观察到明显的SiO2壳层。XPS测试印证了ZnS∶Mn/SiO2的核壳结构。随着SiO2壳层的增厚,ZnS∶Mn/SiO2的Mn离子的发光先增强后减弱,这是因为SiO2壳层同时具有表面修饰和降低发光中心浓度这两种相反的作用。当壳层厚度(壳与核的物质的量的比)达到5时,发光效果达到最好,其强度达到未包覆样品的7.5倍。     

Modeling of surface cleaning by cavitation bubble dynamics and collapse

Surface cleaning using cavitation bubble dynamics is investigated numerically through modeling of bubble dynamics, dirt particle motion, and fluid material interaction. Three fluid dynamics models; a potential flow model, a viscous model, and a compressible model, are used to describe the flow field generated by the bubble all showing the strong effects bubble explosive growth and collapse have on a dirt particle and on a layer of material to remove. Bubble deformation and reentrant jet formation are seen to be responsible for generating concentrated pressures, shear, and lift forces on the dirt particle and high impulsive loads on a layer of material to remove. Bubble explosive growth is also an important mechanism for removal of dirt particles, since strong suction forces in addition to shear are generated around the explosively growing bubble and can exert strong forces lifting the particles from the surface to clean and sucking them toward the bubble. To model material failure and removal, a finite element structure code is used and enables simulation of full fluid–structure interaction and investigation of the effects of various parameters. High impulsive pressures are generated during bubble collapse due to the impact of the bubble reentrant jet on the material surface and the subsequent collapse of the resulting toroidal bubble. Pits and material removal develop on the material surface when the impulsive pressure is large enough to result in high equivalent stresses exceeding the material yield stress or its ultimate strain. Cleaning depends on parameters such as the relative size between the bubble at its maximum volume and the particle size, the bubble standoff distance from the particle and from the material wall, and the excitation pressure field driving the bubble dynamics. These effects are discussed in this contribution.