频闪激光光栅条纹实时投射系统

设计了一种高速扫描频闪激光光栅条纹实时投射系统。系统通过现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实时监测光电探测器信号并控制激光器的调制输出,使高速旋转的多面棱镜与线激光器调制信号精确配合产生稳定、清晰、精密的频闪激光光栅条纹。系统结合了光栅条纹整体投射和线激光光源高精度的特性,具有刷新速度快、条纹分布精度高的特点,且亮度、频率、脉宽、相移可动态编程实时控制。应用该系统对微小尺寸器件进行了测量,获得了准确反映被测器件三维形貌的相位和特征点数据。该系统在高精度快速三维形貌测量中,尤其是工业现场精密器件在线三维检测场合具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于声光栅的变频条纹投射系统

针对三维形貌测量中结构光照明系统投影速度慢、结构复杂、在线集成困难的问题,提出了一种基于声光栅的变频条纹投射系统。该系统利用拍频信号驱动声光偏转器,在声光晶体中形成两个重叠的光栅,光源发出的激光以布拉格角入射,形成两束一级衍射光,经透镜聚焦形成光强按正弦规律分布的结构光条纹。建立了数学模型,同时提出了一种新的相位凝固技术,使条纹空间频率和相位的变化规律得到了很好的解释。该系统结构紧凑、体积小,全电控可调,无任何机械移动部件,具有条纹投影速度快、精度高、动态可编程的特点。应用该系统对石膏像形貌进行测量,获得了用于三维成像的相位图。该投射系统对于解决复杂几何形状物体的三维测量问题具有较高的工程应用价值。     

基于双声光偏转器的变频三维数字成像

提出了一种基于双声光偏转器的时序变频三维数字成像系统.此系统可以实时产生并投射具有不同空间频率的条纹结构光序列照明被测物体,可以以视频速率完成任意形状物体的三维传感.整体系统采用全固态结构,无任何机械运动部件,具有高精度、全场测量、动态可编程、普适性好等特点.给出了该三维数字成像系统对一个台阶状物体形貌测量的应用实例.结果证明DAOP对于解决具有复杂几何形状或拓扑结构物体的三维形貌测量问题是一种有效技术.     

基于彩色结构光的自由曲面三维重建方法

彩色结构光三维重建过程中,系统的非线性耦合以及待测曲面的拓扑结构等均会对结构光解码产生影响,从而导致调制条纹漏检和颜色码误识别.为解决这一问题,提出一种基于彩色编码结构光的三维重建方法.利用YUV颜色通道对调制条纹进行滤波差分投影处理,通过调制条纹的波形分布提取中心特征线;利用颜色聚类方法精确获取调制条纹的颜色码信息值...     

声光栅正弦结构光投射器的光学系统设计

针对一种新型的声光波干涉测量技术,对声光栅正弦结构光投射器的三维测量工作原理进行了系统的分析,讨论了影响投射器光学系统结构的因素和影响接收屏上的光照度的因素,并进行了光学系统设计。在优化设计过程中,采用了限制光线最大入射角的方法,达到控制投射系统的球差和保证接收屏上照明均匀的要求。所设计的声光栅正弦光投射器具有很好的成像质量。应用该系统对在500mm处的石膏像上投射干涉条纹,可以得到能量比较均匀、变形量很小的干涉条纹图,利用该条纹图和相关的算法可以对具有复杂几何形状的物体进行有效的三维测量。     

基于线结构光的双目三维体积测量系统

针对工业应用中工件的体积测量问题,设计了一个基于双目立体视觉原理的体积测量系统。线结构光投射到被测物表面产生变形的激光条纹,精确提取光条中心线,利用极线约束实现左右图像特征点匹配;根据双目视觉原理,由光条图像坐标计算出其在相机坐标系下的三维坐标,完成三维重建;将相机坐标系下的三维点云转换到理想的世界坐标系下,经过积分计算得到被测物体积。采用该系统对不规则棱锥实现三维重建,并完成体积测量。实验结果表明该方法具有一定的可行性和有效性,在工业检测领域有较好的应用前景。     

相移正交物体运动方向的在线相位测量轮廓术

提出了一种新型的基于相位测量轮廓术(PMP)的在线三维检测方法.只需要使投射的条纹相移方向与物体移动方向垂直,尽管由于物体运动使CCD采集变形条纹中物体坐标不一致,但通过像素匹配,可以使各帧图像物点坐标一一对应,得到与传统静态PMP等效的相移条纹图,即可重构出物体,实现在线三维测量.对一实平面进行了在线与静态PMP测试对比实验.结果显示该在线PMP方法与传统静态PMP方法的均方差之差仅为0.007mm,表明该在线PMP方法具有高精度性;对一实物进行了在线测试实验,很好地重构出了被测物体的三维轮廓,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

高噪音光测条纹的特征线提取

针对高噪音光测条纹的特征线提取问题,本文提出一种基于拉普拉斯算法的条纹场处理技术,该方法简单,计算速度快,能够准确提取高噪音光测条纹的特征线.     

基于自适应条纹投影的高反光物体三维面形测量

结构光投影方法在三维形貌测量中应用广泛,但是由于被测物体表面反射率变化范围较大,过度曝光会导致相位信息无法获取。而传统的高动态范围扫描技术步骤复杂,耗时较长。文中提出一种自适应条纹投影技术,向待测物体表面投射较高灰度级的条纹图,判断并标记过度曝光点。降低投射强度后通过非线性最小二乘法拟合来确定每个饱和像素点最适合的最大输入灰度,用重新生成的自适应条纹图来采集图像并进行相位计算和三维形貌恢复。通过实验验证,该方法可以对物体表面的高反光区域进行有效测量,避免过度饱和,仿真误差在0.02 mm范围内,实测误差约为0.14 mm,实际实验对过曝点的补偿率可达到99%。     

基于灰度曲线交点的结构光编码条纹边缘检测

在分析结构光编码白条纹扩散的原因和实际边缘形态的基础上,提出一种同时检测多边缘并消除扩散影响的亚像素精度方法--交点法.首先向被测表面投射互为反色的两组格雷编码图案,提取两组强度图像中灰度梯度较大的点作为边缘依据点,并对其进行曲线拟合,然后将对应拟合曲线的交点作为边缘.分析了交点法对结构光系统中常见的被测表面倾斜和离焦两个主要误差因素的适应能力.介绍了检测原理及误差因素分析,并进行了边缘检测实验.实验结果表明,对于宽度大于4 pixel的编码条纹,边缘检测相对误差小于1%,可消除被测表面倾斜和离焦的影响.     

复杂背景下钢索图像的纹理分割与边界识别

 针对复杂背景下钢索图像难以准确分割的问题,提出一种基于纹理分析的钢索图像分割与边界识别方法.采用基于模糊Hough变换的纹理方向检测方法确定钢索走向,利用边缘方向密度直方图作为纹理特征,对与钢索纹理方向相应的边缘方向赋予不同权重,抑制纹理分割中背景的干扰,对钢丝绳图像进行聚类分割,采用检测平行直线的方法确定其边界,并根据算法参量对边界进行修正.在实验中,对比了边缘方向密度直方图特征与灰度共生矩阵、局部二值模式在钢索图像纹理分割中的结果与计算时间,结果表明边缘方向密度直方图特征计算速度快、受背景干扰小,分割准确率高.本文方法无须预先训练,受背景干扰小,可以准确地识别出钢索并确定其边界,能满足钢丝绳视觉检测的要求.     

基于声发射技术的钢丝绳断丝模式识别

基于大量实验及波形分析,给出钢丝绳断丝事件的声发射（ＡＥ）定量化表征形式．采用类内类间距离和二维图示方法综合选择ＡＥ特征,并根据其分布情况建立起基干Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ准则的分段线性分类器,以实现断丝事件的自动检测．     

Dynamic electromagnetic response of a homogeneous conducting cylinder for symmetric excitation

A stranded wire rope is idealized as a homogeneous conducting and permeable cylinder of circular cross section and of infinite length. The rope is excited by a coaxial solenoid or finite-length multi-turn coil that carries an azimuthally directed alternating current. The rope and the enclosing solenoid may have a uniform velocity relative to each other. Using a nonrelativistic analysis, the nature of this dynamic interaction is examined and numerical results are presented for parameter values that are relevant to both static and dynamic conditions in nondestructive testing of such cylindrical conductors. It is shown that for motional velocitiesv larger than about 50 m/s the dynamic interaction with the rope specimen is appreciably modified from that for the static condition (i. e., forv=0).     

一种用于计算三维视觉测量中线结构光平面的新型算法

介绍了一种基于线结构光的机器视觉测量系统的光平面计算方法.该方法采用图像减影来获取光条图像,利用Steger算法提取图像中的亚像素光条中心点,再用正交直线拟合法计算图像坐标系下的光条直线方程.通过靶标特征点的世界坐标和交比不变性,计算线结构光在靶标平面上的世界坐标点,并将这些坐标点用正交平面拟合法计算得到光平面方程.为了提高整体准确度,本文对算法进行了细节优化,给出了标定系统的设计方案和实验过程.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的准确度.     

High power all-fiber structured supercontinuum source with variable spectral coverage

An all-fiber structured supercontinuum source based on chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technology and the use of nonlinear photonic crystal fiber was constructed. By experimentally varying fiber stretcher length in CPA laser source, we can change the spectral coverage and therefore the percentage of visible light in the produced supercontinuum at output of nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, while the average supercontinuum power always keeps at watts of level. The all-fiber structured feature and the capability of changing supercontinuum spectral coverage make this CPA system a promising implement for different applications that require different broad band spectrum.     

Theoretical simulation of a polarization splitter based on dual-core soft glass PCF with micron-scale gold wire

A polarization splitter based on dual-core soft glass photonic crystal fiber(PCF) filled with micron-scale gold wire is proposed. The characteristics of the polarization splitter are studied by changing the structural parameters of the PCF and the diameter of the gold wire with the finite element method(FEM). The simulation results reveal that the coupling length ratio of the soft glass-based PCF is close to 2 and the corresponding curve is more flat than that of the silica-based PCF.The broadband bandwidth is 226 nm in which the extinction ratio is lower than-20 d B by the soft glass-based PCF, i.e.,from 1465 nm to 1691 nm which is competitive in the reported polarization splitters, and the bandwidth is just 32 nm by the silica-based PCF. The insertion loss by our polarization splitter is just 0.00248 d B and 0.43 d B at the wavelength of 1.47 μm and 1.55 μm. The birefringence is obviously increased and the coupling length is decreased by filling gold wire into the soft glass-based or the silica-based PCF. Also the birefringence based on the silica-based PCF is much larger than that based on the soft glass-based PCF whether or not the gold wire is introduced. The fabrication tolerance of the polarization splitter is also considered by changing the structural parameters. The polarization splitter possesses broad bandwidth, low insertion loss, simple structure and high fabrication tolerance.     

Electromagnetic field perturbation by an internal void in a conducting cylinder excited by a wire loop

A thin prolate spheroidal void in an infinite conducting circular cylinder is used to model an internal flaw in a wire rope. The rope is excited by an electric ring current which is a model for a thin solenoid or multi-turn wire loop. The anomalous external fields are computed from the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments of the void. For this type of excitation, the induced axial magnetic dipole moment is the dominant contributor to the scattered field. The results have application to nondestructive testing of wire ropes.     

Rapid 3D surface profile measurement of industrial parts using two-level structured light patterns

This paper aims to present a rapid 3D shape measurement system based on novel monochromatic structured light patterns. The system consists of projectors shooting the fringe patterns onto the inspected parts and cameras recording the corresponding distorted images. Using the two-level fringe patterns, the correspondence between the projector image and camera image can be established with sub-pixel accuracy. The two-level pattern is based on three spatiotemporal binary stripes, in which the value of the stripe boundary (first-level coding) is determined by the two adjacent stripes patterns over time and the codeword of the strip boundary (second-level coding) depends on its values and neighbor boundary values in space. The proposed pattern is robust to ambience light variation and part texture. Moreover, the occlusion can be overcome and high density measurement can be achieved. Experiments with different 3D parts are conducted to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the inspection system using the two-level patterns. The results show that the system has desired properties of high accuracy, high density, rapid acquisition, and robustness, which are essential for industrial application.     

Scattering by a slender void in a homogeneous conducting wire rope

A thin prolate spheroidal void in an infinite conducting circular cylinder is used to model a broken strand in a wire rope. The rope is excited by an azimuthal magnetic line current which is a model for a thin toroidal coil. The anomalous external fields are computed from the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments of the void. The results have applications to nondestructive testing of wire ropes.     

360°旋转体面形测量系统的优化设计

在明确线结构光360°旋转体面形测量的基本原理的基础上,对系统的结构进行了性能分析和模拟计算,得出了系统参数,即CCD与激光器之间的基线距离L、工作距离D、透镜的焦距f以及CCD自身的参数与系统测量分辨率和测量范围之间的关系。最后在满足系统测量分辨率和测量范围的条件下,给出了系统的结构参数。