昆虫信息素结构鉴定和合成的研究ⅩⅩⅤ.用三乙胺作烯铜锂试剂配位体合成棉铃虫和午毒蛾性信息素

烯铜锂试剂对合成含有顺式双键的昆虫信息素极为有效,可以缩短合成步骤,产率高,而且顺式产物纯度非常高。我们曾用这种试剂合成了棉铃虫性信息素,因为烯铜锂试剂配位体亚膦酸三乙酯的毒性较大,且气味难闻,操作不方便。本文报道以三乙胺代替亚膦酸三乙酯,合成了棉铃虫性信息素顺-7-十六碳烯醛(1)和顺-11-十六碳烯醛(2)以及消旋的午毒蛾性信息素顺-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷(3)。     

棉铃虫性信息素顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醛及其反式几何异构体的合成

顺-11-十六碳烯-1醛(1)是世界上许多地区棉花害虫——棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)——的性信息素。也是某些其它害虫如二化螟(chilo suppresslis)等的性信息素或其组份。棉铃虫在我国北方棉区危害颇为严重,为了棉铃虫的测报和防治试验需要,我们合成了化合物(1)及其反式几何异构体(8)。关于化合物(1)的合成,Nesbittt和Sekul等虽曾简单地叙述过相同的示意合成路线,但未见具     

昆虫性信息素的研究 II:顺-11-十六碳烯醛的合成

顺-11-十六碳烯醛是鳞翅目昆虫信息素的主要组份, 本文研究了它的合成从顺-5-癸烯醇-1得相应的对甲苯磺酸酯, 再与格氏试剂反应在Li2CuCl4催化下进行偶联反应得到关键中间体2-(Z-11-十六碳烯氧基)四氢呋喃.     

1980年上海有机化学研究所色谱学术交流会议摘要

气相色谱法测定昆虫性诱剂中的顺、反几何异构体鳞翅目蛾类昆虫性诱剂大部分是些长链不饱和脂肪醛、醇或醇的乙酸酯。而蛾类性诱剂的效果决定于双键的顺、反几何异构体的比例。我们用6.3米DEGS柱测定了棉红铃虫性诱剂7,11-十六碳双烯醇乙酸酯顺、顺和顺、反的含量及玉米螟性诱剂11-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯顾、反的含量。将上述化合物中的双键转化为环氧化合物,再用DEGS柱则能使分离度R增大到原来的3倍左右,达到了定量分析的要求。我们还准确地测定了棉铃虫性诱剂11-十六碳烯醛-1的顺、反含量,以及9-十二碳烯醇乙酸酯的顺、反含量。     

昆虫信息素研究 I: 谷斑皮蠹性信息素14-甲基-顺-8-十六碳烯醛的立体选择合成

研究了谷斑皮蠹性信息素的主要活性组份为14-甲基-8-十六碳烯醛, 报导了新合成路线, 其关键步骤是以2-溴丁烷的格氏试剂与1,4-二溴丁烷在Li2CuCl4存在下发生偶联反应, 制得的1-溴-5-甲基庚烷, 它与金属锂、CuI和CH≡CH反应而得高纯度顺式双键构型产物, 脱保护基再经PCC氢化即得目的物14-甲基-顺-8-十六碳烯醛.     

昆虫信息素研究——Ⅰ.谷斑皮蠹性信息素14-甲基-顺-8-十六碳烯醛的立体选择合成

谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium Everts)是一种为害严重、防治困难的世界性仓库害虫,许多国家把它定为重点防治和检疫昆虫之一.1982年我国也将该虫列为进口检疫害虫.谷斑皮蠧性信息素主要活性组份为14-甲基-8-十六碳烯醛(6),并已证实其顺式体活性较反式体高10倍左右,有关6的合成及活性研究已有数篇文献报道,其合成方法大多是经过炔烃金属化合物与卤代物缩合后,再将炔键还原为烯键,这类炔烃路线步骤多,总收率最高不超过20%,炔键还原后的两种几何异构体通常靠层析或低温结晶等方法分离纯化,制备量受到限制,所得顺式体纯度亦往往不能满足要求.     

昆虫性信息素的研究 Ⅱ.顺-11-十六碳烯醛的合成

顺-11-十六碳烯醛(10)是鳞翅目昆虫信息素的主要组份之一,它的合成在文献上已有一些报道。本文则报道从顺-5-癸烯醇-1(3)     

小菜蛾性信息素的合成

以十一碳烯醇和碘戊烷为原料,经过苯甲酰基保护、9-硼双环[3.3.1]-壬烷(9-BBN)硼氢化后氧化、氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)氧化、Wittig反应、脱苯甲酰基五步反应得到顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醇(Z11-16:OH),五步反应总收率53％.顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醇经PCC氧化或Ac2O乙酰化分别得到顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醛(Z11-16:Ald)、顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z11-16:Ac),目标化合物及主要中间体结构经NMR,IR和MS确证.合成方法路线短,操作简便,收率较文献中的方法有较大提高.     

用硝酸-亚硝酸钠双键异构化反应制备昆虫性信息素或其合成中间体

天然昆虫性信息素常是一定比例的两个或几个顺、反异构体的混合物。合成顺式烯烃已有许多有效的方法,如用Lindlar或P-2Ni催化剂氢化炔键,这些方法不仅产率高而且产物的纯度也高。本文报道应用HNO_3-NaN_2异构化双键的方法,使易得的顺式烯烃转化为顺、反异构体的混合物,并研究了温度对反应产物顺、反比例的影响。我们选用顺-3-辛烯醇-1(la)及其乙酸酯(lb),顺-9-十四烯醇-1-乙酸酯(2)和顺-11-十四烯醇-1-乙酸酯(3)进行实验。它们在各种温度下用HNO_3-NaNO_2转化可得不同比例的顺、反混合物(表1)。     

顺,顺,顺-3,6,9-二十碳三烯及顺,顺,顺-3,6-9-二十一碳三烯的合成

由于昆虫信息素研究的需要,我们曾于1979年合成了顺、顺、顺-3,6,9-二十碳三烯(1)和顺、顺、顺-3,6,9-二十一碳三烯(2),最近Conner等报道,1和2为鳞翅目昆虫信息素组分,并发表了以亚麻油酸及亚麻油醇为原料的合成路线。本文报道我们的合成路线,以丙炔醇为原料,经2-戊炔醇-[1](3),1-溴-2-戊炔     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。