二能级原子与高品质因子腔的自发辐射特性

用全量子理论研究二能级原子单模腔耦合系统,通过理论推导和数值计算得出系统的自发辐射光谱和平均粒子数密度.共振时腔与原子的发射光谱在强耦合与弱耦合区域有所不同,腔发射光谱分裂只出现于强耦合区域,而原子发射光谱由于腔感应透明效应在弱耦合区域出现了缺口.本文系统地研究了原子与腔在失谐时的发射光谱,在好腔机理(腔线宽小于原子线宽g)原子与腔即使在大失谐时腔发射出腔频率的光子,这给当前实验上困惑的特性提供了一个理论依据.为了给腔感应透明效应一个新的深入了解,还研究了原子与腔平均粒子数密度随时间的演化,以及平均粒子数密度与光强度之间的关系. 关键词： 自发辐射 强耦合 腔感应透明 好腔机理     

耦合腔阵列与Λ-型三能级原子非局域耦合系统中单光子的传输特性研究

讨论了理想和非理想情况下耦合腔阵列中两个最邻近的腔与Λ-型三能级原子非局域耦合系统中单光子的传输特性.运用准玻色子方法,精确地解出了开放系统中单光子的透射率.Λ-型三能级原子与耦合腔阵列非局域耦合系统具有更多的优点,如:该系统比其他系统调控光子传输特性的可调控参数更多;单光子在该系统中传输的透射谱有三个透射峰.此外,该系统还具有自身的特点,当拉比频率?取值给定之后,改变原子与其中一个腔的耦合强度时,光子的透射谱有一个透射率始终为1的定点,该点对应的光子频率为ω_c-?.在非理想情况下,系统耗散对光子的透射谱有着很大的影响.当只考虑原子耗散时,耗散使得光子透射谱的谷值增大,而峰值不变;当只考虑腔场耗散时,光子透射谱的峰值减小,而谷值不变.另外,随着腔场耗散率和腔的个数的增多,光子透射谱的峰值逐渐减小,但谷值始终不变.对比原子耗散和腔场耗散的情况可以发现,原子耗散使得光子不能被完全反射,而腔场耗散使得光子不能被完全透射.当同时考虑原子和腔场耗散时,光子透射谱谷值的大小不但会受原子耗散率大小的影响,也受腔场耗散率大小的影响,随着腔场耗散率的增大,谷值反而减小;而光子透射谱的峰值始终只受腔场耗散率大小和腔的个数的影响,与原子耗散率取值的大小无关.     

非共振耗散腔耦合系统的发射光谱

研究了非共振耗散二能级双原子与双单模腔耦合系统发射光谱的性质。探讨了原子和腔场之间的失谐、腔场衰减率及原子失相对该系统发射光谱的影响。结果表明,体系的腔场谱呈现出三重峰结构,原子发射谱呈现出二重峰结构。非共振情况时,腔场谱和原子发射谱的图像皆为非对称图像。在原子与腔场失谐时,与共振情况相比,峰位发生了明显的漂移,且中峰明显增大。增大腔场与原子的失谐,会引起边峰向低频段漂移,并改变其光谱强度;增大原子与腔场的失谐,可以使光谱整体向低频段漂移,并改变其所有峰的光谱强度。随着腔场衰减率的增大,共振情况下,会导致边峰的强度减小;失谐情况下,会导致所有峰的强度均减小。随着原子失相的增大,共振或失谐情况下,会使光谱所有峰的强度均减小。     

级联三能级原子与单模场相互作用下的腔场谱

研究了高Q腔内级联三能级原子与单模光场相互作用模型的腔场谱.结果表明,原子初态处于上能级时，随R=g2/g1的增大,真空场的拉比峰个数按2→6→4→2→4的规律变化，在R1时，所有的拉比峰都消失.在初始场较弱时,腔场谱可出现3峰、5峰或7峰.在初始场很强时,腔场谱中只有单一的经典共振峰.如果原子初态处在中能级且R=1,腔场谱为简单的对称双峰结构，与标准J-C模型的谱相似. 关键词： 级联三能级原子 单模光场 腔场谱     

依赖强度耦合的Λ型三能级Jaynes-Cummings模型的原子发射谱及腔场谱

在假设原子初始处于激发态并计入原子-场耦合强度依赖性的条件下,用本征函数法研究了Λ型三能级原子与单模腔场共振相互作用系统的原子发射谱和腔场谱。结果表明,基态能级裂距对谱结构有重要影响。发射谱和腔场谱的谱线随初场增强不发生合并现象,腔场谱对初场光子统计性质不敏感。     

双模腔场中Λ-型三能级原子的辐射谱

采用时间演化算符方法,研究A_型三能级原子与双模腔场共振相互作用的辐射谱,尤其在真空场中拉比(Rabi)分裂.给出了辐射谱一般公式.并讨论在粒子数纯态光场激励下的辐射频谱结构.结果表明:一般辐射谱呈对称的12蜂结构.     

受驱动光学系统多光子量子统计理论(Ⅰ)——Fokker-Planck方程和良腔情况

我们应用广义Wigner分布的Fokker-Planck方程的系统方法,研究了受驱动光学系统的多光子跃迁过程。得到多光子过程普遍的Fokker-Planck方程、态方程以及良腔情况下透射光谱公式。计算了n光子双稳态的透射光谱并与单光子情况进行比较。还证明了在良腔情况,对于多光子过程,原子-原子关联也可以忽略。 关键词：     

Λ-型三能级单原子的辐射谱

采用时间演化算符方法，研究腔内单模光场中Λ－型三能级单原子的辐射谱，给出了辐射谱一般公式，并讨论在粒子数纯态、相干态和热辐射三种光场激励下的辐射频谱结构。     

Spontaneous emission spectrum and level splitting of a three-level Λ-type atom in a damped cavity

We study the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level Λ-type atom in a damped cavity using the resolvent operator. The shape of the spectrum is strongly influenced by the detuning and the coupling intensity between the atom and the cavity mode. Especially, we find that the splittings of the upper level of the three-level Λ-type atom are different in strong coupling regime, intermediate coupling regime and weak coupling regimes.     

不同波长的激光器通过法布里-珀罗腔相对于铯原子谱线的锁定

采用共焦法布里珀罗腔(CFP)作为桥梁,可以实现不在原子、分子跃迁线附近的单频激光器相对于原子、分子跃迁线的锁定,从而可以有效地抑制激光频率的漂移。在实验中通过射频频率调制光谱技术结合饱和吸收光谱(SAS)将自制852nm光栅外腔反馈半导体激光器锁定到铯6S1/2Fg=4-6P3/2Fe=4、5交叉线上,通过Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)射频边带技术将作为桥梁的共焦法布里珀罗腔锁定在852nm激光频率上。再通过PDH方法将830nm和908nm两台远离铯原子D2线的外腔半导体激光器同时锁定在作为桥梁的共焦法布里珀罗腔上,实现了830nm和908nm两台激光器相对于铯原子跃迁线的锁定。由锁定后的误差信号估算,20s内852nm激光器相对于铯原子Fg=4-Fe=4、5交叉线的频率起伏小于±540kHz,830nm、908nm激光器相对于共焦法布里珀罗腔的频率起伏分别小于±340kHz和±60kHz,共焦法布里珀罗腔相对于852nm激光的频率起伏小于±550kHz。     

腔场耦合的二能级原子荧光谱

过光与物质相互作用的主方程计算了强场激励的二能级原子与单模腔耦合的稳态荧光谱。在腔场的强耦合作用下,三峰Mollow谱的每个成分都分裂为多重的,这种现象由腔场使原子修饰态能级漂移而导致的,荧光谱的具体结构则依赖于驱动场的拉比频率和原子-腔的耦合系数。     

Interaction of a two-level atom with squeezed light

We consider a degenerate parametric oscillator whose cavity contains a two-level atom. Applying the Heisenberg and quantum Langevin equations, we calculate in the bad-cavity limit the mean photon number, the quadrature variance, and the power spectrum for the cavity mode in general and for the signal light and fluorescent light in particular. We also obtain the normalized second-order correlation function for the fluorescent light. We find that the presence of the two-level atom leads to a decrease in the degree of squeezing of the signal light. It so turns out that the fluorescent light is in a squeezed state and the power spectrum consists of a single peak only.     

Auto-and cross-correlation functions of a one-atom laser in a regime of strong coupling

The spectral properties of an incoherently pumped one-atom laser operating in a regime of strong coupling are studied. The spectrum of the field outgoing from the cavity, the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of an atom, and the spectrum of the atom—field cross-correlation function are numerically calculated. Relations between the parameters of the system for which spectral lines corresponding to eigenstates of the Jaynes—Cummings Hamiltonian are resolved are found. A method for determining the widths of resonances from the spectrum of the atom—field cross-correlation function is proposed, and a procedure for measuring this function using spectroscopy of intensity fluctuations is described.     

Cavity-damping-induced transitions in a driven atom- cavity system

We investigate the fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom in a cavity when the atom is driven by a classical field. We show that forbidden dipole transitions in the Jaynes-Cummings ladder structure are induced in the presence of cavity damping, which deteriorates the degree of otherwise perfect destructive interference among the transition channels. With the larger cavity decay, these transitions are more enhanced.     

Effect of cavity dissipation on the emission spectrum of an atom interacting with a field in the dispersive approximation

The emission spectrum of a two-level atom interacting dispersively with a single mode radiation field in the dissipative cavity is investigated. A general expression for the emission spectrum is derived. The numerical results for the initial field in coherent state are calculated. It is found that the spectrum structure is influenced significantly by the cavity damping constant \kappa , and the spectrum structure is dependent on the interaction time T when the cavity dissipation is present. Only one peak located at Ω_a appears in the atomic spectra for larger T.     

Coherent control of stimulated emission inside one dimensional photonic crystals: strong coupling regime

The present paper discusses the stimulated emission, in strong coupling regime, of an atom embedded inside a one dimensional (1D) Photonic Band Gap (PBG) cavity which is pumped by two counter-propagating laser beams. Quantum electrodynamics is applied to model the atom-field interaction, by considering the atom as a two level system, the e.m. field as a superposition of normal modes, the coupling in dipole approximation, and the equations of motion in Wigner-Weisskopf and rotating wave approximations. In addition, the Quasi Normal Mode (QNM) approach for an open cavity is adopted, interpreting the local density of states (LDOS) as the local density of probability to excite one QNM of the cavity; and therefore rendering this LDOS dependent on the phase difference of the two laser beams. In this paper we demonstrate that the strong coupling regime occurs at high values of the LDOS. In accordance with the results of the literature, the emission probability of the atom decays with an oscillatory behaviour, so that the atomic emission spectrum exhibits two peaks (Rabi splitting). The novelty of this work is that the phase difference of the two laser beams can produce a coherent control of both the oscillations for the atomic emission probability and, as a consequence, of the Rabi splitting in the emission spectrum. Possible criteria to design active delay lines are finally discussed.     

Structural, electronic, vibrational, and elastic properties of SWCNTs doped with B and N: an ab initio study

A microscopic model is developed in order to analyse the effects of dissipations on single-photon transport in a coupled cavity array where one of the cavities is coupled to a three-level atom and both cavities and the three-level atom are coupled to an external environment. By employing the quasi-boson approach, the single-photon transmission and reflection amplitudes are found exactly for the Ξ-type, V-type and Λ-type three-level atoms. We focus on the dissipation properties in the case of the Λ-type system. Comparing the dissipative case with the nodissipative one, it can be found that the dissipations of the cavities and the Λ-type three-level atom significantly affect the transmission amplitude of single-photon transport. Whether the atom is in tune with the resonant frequency of the cavity or not, incomplete reflection is mostly caused by atom dissipation near the middle dip of the single-photon transport spectrum, while reduced transmission appears to be mainly controlled by cavity dissipation. Dissipations broaden the line width of the single photon transport spectrum.     

Fano interference and transparency in a waveguide-nanocavity hybrid system with an auxiliary cavity

We investigate theoretically single photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a pair of cavities, which are denoted by the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity. Two cases with no atom and one atom embedded in the first cavity are discussed. The Fano dips in the transmission spectrum and locations of transparency window are calculated. When no atom is embedded in the first cavity, there exists a transparency window under the condition that the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity are not resonant. The locations of the transparency window and Fano line type depend strongly on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength between the auxiliary cavity and the waveguide. When one atom is embedded in the first cavity, we show that the transparency window exists even though the first cavity, the atom and the auxiliary cavity are resonant. The Fano line type is strongly dependent on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength. Our results have potential applications in design of quantum devices at the level of single photon,such as single photon switch and single photon routers.     

理想腔中具有正交偶极矩的级联型三能级原子发射谱

假设原子具有两正交跃迁电偶极矩，运用全量子论研究了与单模电磁场共振相互作用的等距三能级原子的发射谱. 对不依赖于场强耦合和依赖强度耦合两种情况分别进行了发射谱的计算，并比较了原子偶极矩正交和平行条件下发射谱的异同. 结果表明，一般情况下，具有平行偶极矩的原子的发射谱谱线少于具有正交偶极矩的原子的谱线，一些谱线由于干涉而消失. 关键词： 量子光学 发射谱 电偶极矩 级联型三能级原子     

Cavity Field Spectra of a Cascade Three-Level Atom Interacting with a Single-Mode Field with Kerr-Like Medium

The cavity field spectrum of a cascade three-level atom interacting with single-mode field with Kerr-like medium in the cavity is investigated. The numerical results for the initial field in pure number state, coherent state and squeezed vacuum state are calculated, respectively. It is found that the Kerr-like medium affects the spectral structure even though the initial field is in vacuum when the atom is in upper level. In the case of strong input field, the number state spectrum shows two peaks with different heights; and the superposition state spectrum shows a multipeak structure with an equal distance of two neighboring peaks. The spectral ＂central frequency＂ shifts away from the resonant frequency with the increasing of average photon number.