Pairing correlations on t-U-J ladders

We find that the pairing correlations on the usual t-U Hubbard ladder are significantly enhanced by the addition of a nearest-neighbor exchange interaction J. Likewise, these correlations are also enhanced for the t-J model when the on-site Coulomb interaction is reduced from infinity. Moreover, the pairing correlations are larger on a t-U-J ladder than on a t-J(eff) ladder in which J(eff) has been adjusted so that the two models have the same spin gap at half filling. This enhancement of the pairing correlations is associated with an increase in the pair-binding energy and the pair mobility in the t-U-J model and points to the importance of the charge-transfer nature of the cuprate systems.     

Broad peak in the dx2-y2 superconducting correlation length as a function of hole concentration in the two-dimensional t-J model

We have calculated high temperature series to 12th order in inverse temperature for singlet superconducting correlation functions of the 2D t-J model with s, dx2-y2, and dxy symmetry pairs. Our calculations differ from previous work by removing disconnected pieces from the original four-point correlator and by treating the resulting pairing correlator as a matrix. We find the correlation length for dx2-y2 pairing grows significantly with decreasing temperature and develops a broad peak as a function of doping around delta=0.25 for T/J=0.25 at J/t=0.4. The correlation lengths for s and dxy symmetry remain small and do not display peaks. Antiferromagnetic spin correlations at low doping act to suppress the dx2-y2 and dxy superconducting correlation lengths.     

The Binding Energy, Spin－Excitation Gap, and Charged Gap in the Boson－Fermion Model

In this paper, by applying a simplified version of Lieb‘s spin-reflection-positivity method, which was recently developed by one of us [G.S. Tian and J.G. Wang, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 941], we investigate some general properties of the boeon-fermion Hamiltonlan, which has been widely used as a phenomenological model to describe the real-space pairing of electrons. On a mathematically rigorous basis, we prove that for either negative or positive couping V, which represents the spontaneous decay and recombination process between boson and fermion in the model, the pairing energy of electrons is nonzero. Furthermore, we also show that the spin-excitation gap of the boson-fermion Hamiltonian is always larger than its charged gap, as predicted by the pre-palred electron theory.     

Dynamics of the pairing interaction in the hubbard and t-J models of high-temperature superconductors

The question of whether one should speak of a "pairing glue" in the Hubbard and t-J models is basically a question about the dynamics of the pairing interaction. If the dynamics of the pairing interaction arises from virtual states, whose energies correspond to the Mott gap, and give rise to the exchange coupling J, the interaction is instantaneous on the relative time scales of interest. In this case, while one might speak of an "instantaneous glue," this interaction differs from the traditional picture of a retarded pairing interaction. However, as we will show, the dominant contribution to the pairing interaction for both of these models arises from energies reflecting the spectrum seen in the dynamic spin susceptibility. In this case, the basic interaction is retarded, and one speaks of a spin-fluctuation glue which mediates the d-wave pairing.     

Probing superconducting phase fluctuations from the current noise spectrum of pseudogapped metal-superconductor tunnel junctions

We study the current noise spectra of a tunnel junction of a metal with strong pairing phase fluctuation and a superconductor. It is shown that there is a characteristic peak in the noise spectrum at the intrinsic Josephson frequency omega(J) = 2eV when omega(J) is smaller than the pairing gap but larger than the pairing scattering rate. In the presence of an ac voltage, the tunneling current noise shows a series of characteristic peaks with increasing dc voltage. Experimental observation of these peaks will give direct evidence of the pair fluctuation in the normal state of high- T(c) superconductors and the pair decay rate can be estimated from the half width of the peaks.     

超变形核中四极对力形式的探讨

用粒子数守恒方法分析了对力对于超变形(SD)带的转动惯量随角动量(角频率)变化的规律.计算中如包含了单极对力和Y₂₀四极对力,晕SD带¹⁹⁴Hg(1)和¹⁹²Hg(1)的转动惯量在观测的全部角动量范围中的变化规律,都可得到极好的重现,特别是ω≥0.40MeV时,¹⁹⁴Hg(1)的J⁽²⁾下弯和¹⁹²Hg(1)J⁽²⁾的变平.而考虑Y_2±1和Y_2±2四极对力的计算结果,都与实验不符.粒子数守恒计算中极清楚地展现了J⁽²⁾随ω变化的微观机制(可分别给出各大壳、各推转Nilsson能级上的粒子填布几率和对J⁽²⁾的贡献).J⁽²⁾随ω变化是粒子壳效应(变形场中单粒子运动)、对关联、Pauli堵塞效应以及Chriolis(反配对)作用相互竞争的结果.     

Low-energy coexisting band in 154Gd

A low-energy coexisting band Jpi (Ex keV) 0(+) (1182), 2(+) (1418), 4(+) (1701) is identified in the deformed nucleus, 154Gd. Detailed gamma-ray spectroscopy following the beta decays of 154Eu (J=3), (g,m(1),m(2))154Tb (J=0,3,7) is used to establish this structure. The structure is explained in terms of the pairing and deformation degrees of freedom, a "pairing isomer," which results from the nu[505] upward arrow Nilsson intruder orbital.     

High-K multi-particle bands and pairing reduction in 254No

The multi-particle states and rotational properties of the two-particle bands in 254No are investigated by the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by the particle number conserving method.The rotational bands on top of the two-particle K^π=3^+,8^− and 10^+ states and the pairing reduction are studied theoretically in 254No for the first time.The experimental excitation energies and moments of inertia of the multi-particle states are reproduced well by the calculations.Better agreement with the data is achieved by including the high-order deformation ε6,which leads to enlarged Z=100 and N=152 deformed shell gaps.An increase of J¹ in these two-particle bands compared with the ground state band is attributed to the pairing reduction due to the Pauli blocking effect.     

Enhanced pairing correlations near oxygen dopants in cuprate superconductors

Recent experiments on Bi-based cuprate superconductors have revealed an unexpected enhancement of the pairing correlations near the interstitial oxygen dopant ions. Here we propose a possible mechanism--based on local screening effects--by which the oxygen dopants do modify the electronic parameters within the CuO2 planes and strongly increase the superexchange coupling J. This enhances the spin pairing effects locally and may explain the observed spatial variations of the density of states and the pairing gap.     

Er，Yb和Hf同位素的基态占有率（英文）

应用严格求解的Nilsson 平均场加推广对力模型,在同时考虑质子-质子和中子-中子间对力相互作用的情况下,对稀土区的152-164Er,154-166Yb 和156-168Hf 核素的结合能、奇偶能差、低激发态转动惯量等基态性质进行系统的统一描述。通过计算结果与实验数值比较分析显示,对力相互作用在阐明以上核素能谱的基态性质中起到了关键的作用。应用拟合上述物理量所确定的模型参数,对156-162Yb 核素基态中价核子配成角动量J = 0,1,… ,12的价核子对占有率的计算结果显示,配成角动量为偶数价核子对的占有率远远高于配成角动量为奇数价核子对的占有率,其数值结果揭示了配成角动量为S,D和G的价核子对在所考虑的核素基态性质中占主导地位。The Nilsson mean-field plus extended-pairing model for deformed nuclei is applied to describe the ground-state properties of selected rare-earth nuclei. Binding energies, even-odd mass differences, moments of inertia for the ground-state band of 152-164Er, 154-166Yb, and 156-168Hf are calculated systematically in the model employing both proton-proton and neutron-neutron pairing interactions. In comparison with the corresponding experimental data, it is shown that for these rare-earth nuclei, pairing interaction is crucial in elucidating the properties of the ground state. With model parameters determined by fitting the energies of these states, ground-state occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with angular momentum J =0,1, …,12 for even-even 156-162Yb are calculated. It is inferred that the occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with even angular momenta are much higher than those of valence nucleon pairs with odd angular momenta. The results clearly indicate that S, D, and G valence nucleon pairs dominate in the ground state of these nuclei.     

Orbital dependent nucleonic pairing in the lightest known isotopes of tin

By studying the (109)Xe→(105)Te→(101)Sn superallowed α-decay chain, we observe low-lying states in (101)Sn, the one-neutron system outside doubly magic (100)Sn. We find that the spins of the ground state (J=7/2) and first excited state (J=5/2) in (101)Sn are reversed with respect to the traditional level ordering postulated for (103)Sn and the heavier tin isotopes. Through simple arguments and state-of-the-art shell-model calculations we explain this unexpected switch in terms of a transition from the single-particle regime to the collective mode in which orbital-dependent pairing correlations dominate.     

Cooling of Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall neutron stars with a rotochemical heating source

Employing phenomenological density-dependent critical temperatures of strong singlet-state proton pairing and of moderate triplet-state neutron pairing, we investigate the effects of rotochemical heating on the thermal evolution of superfluid neutron stars whose cores consist of npe matter with the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall equation of state. Since the star is not quite in the weak interaction equilibrium state during spin-down, the departure from the chemical equilibrium leads to the rotochemical heating in a rotating NS which will increase the stellar's temperature. Our calculations show that the rotochemical heating delays the cooling of superfluid neutron stars considerably and makes the previous classification of NS cooling ambiguous. What's more, our model is currently consistent with all the observational data, and in particular some middle-aged and cold NSs (PRS J0205+6449 in 3C 58, PRS J1357-6429, RX J007.0+7303 in CTA 1, Vela) can be better explained when taking into account rotochemical heating.     

Impurity effect as a probe for the pairing symmetry of graphene-based superconductors

We study theoretically the single impurity effect on graphene-based superconductors. Four different pairing symmetries are discussed. Sharp in-gap resonant peaks are found near the impurity site for the d+id pairing symmetry and the p+ip pairing symmetry when the chemical potential is large. As the chemical potential decreases, the in-gap states are robust for the d + id pairing symmetry while they disappear for the p + ip pairing symmetry. Such in-gap peaks are absent for the fully gapped extended s-wave pairing symmetry and the nodal f-wave pairing symmetry. The existence of the ingap resonant peaks can be explained well based on the sign-reversal of the superconducting gap along different Fermi pockets and by analyzing the denominator of the T-matrix. All of the features may be checked by the experiments, providing a useful probe for the pairing symmetry of graphene-based superconductors.     

d x 2 - y 2 superconductivity and the Hubbard model

The numerical studies of d x 2 - y 2 -wave pairing in the two-dimensional (2D) and the 2-leg Hubbard models are reviewed. For this purpose, the results obtained from the determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo and the Density-Matrix Renormalization-Group calculations are presented. These are calculations which were motivated by the discovery of the high- T c cuprates. In this review, the emphasis is placed on the microscopic many-body processes which are responsible for the d x 2 - y 2 -wave pairing correlations observed in the 2D and the 2-leg Hubbard models. In order to gain insight into these processes, the results on the effective pairing interaction as well as the magnetic, density and the single-particle excitations will be reviewed. In addition, comparisons will be made with the other numerical approaches to the Hubbard model and the numerical results on the t - J model. The results reviewed here indicate that an effective pairing interaction which is repulsive at ( ~ , ~ ) momentum transfer, and enhanced single-particle spectral weight near the ( ~ ,0) and (0, ~ ) points of the Brillouin zone, create optimum conditions for d x 2 - y 2 -wave pairing. These are two effects which act to enhance the d x 2 - y 2 -wave pairing correlations in the Hubbard model. Finding additional ways is an active research problem.     

Competing pairing symmetries in a generalized two-orbital model for the pnictide superconductors

We introduce and study an extended "t-U-J" two-orbital model for the pnictides that includes Heisenberg terms deduced from the strong coupling expansion. Including these J terms explicitly allows us to enhance the strength of the (π,0)-(0,π) spin order which favors the presence of tightly bound pairing states even in the small clusters that are here exactly diagonalized. The A(1g) and B(2g) pairing symmetries are found to compete in the realistic spin-ordered and metallic regime. The dynamical pairing susceptibility additionally unveils low-lying B(1g) states, suggesting that small changes in parameters may render any of the three channels stable.     

Wigner Kirkwood ℏ-expansion of the density matrix in inhomogeneous superfluid Fermi systems

The generalized density matrix of superfluid inhomogeneous Fermi systems is expanded in powers of up to order ². This constitutes the generalisation of the Wigner Kirkwood -expansion of the density matrix of normal fluid systems to the pairing case.One of the authors (P.S.) is very grateful to D. Gogny for contributions in an early stage of this work several years back. He also acknowledges fruitful discussions with M. Centelles and X. Vinas.     

Theory for superconductivity in iron pnictides at large coulomb U limit

Superconductivity in iron pnictides is studied by using a two-orbital Hubbard model in the large U limit. The Coulomb repulsion induces an orbital-dependent pairing between charge carriers. The pairing is found mainly from the scattering within the same Fermi pocket where usually one single orbital dominates. The inter-pocket pair scatterings determine the symmetry of the singlet superconductivity, which is an extended s-wave at small Hund’s coupling, and d-wave at large Hund’s coupling and large U. The former is consistent with recent experiments of ARPES and Andreev reflection spectroscopy. Spin triplet states only become important at large exchange interaction J.     

Intrinsic d-wave effects in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) grain boundary Josephson junctions

We have measured the angular dependence of the Josephson critical current density (J(C)) in c-axis tilt biepitaxial grain boundary YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) junctions. We observe for the first time intrinsic d-wave pairing symmetry effects manifested as an oscillatory dependence of J(C) on angle. This intrinsic effect is evident even though spontaneous currents, possibly induced by faceting or barrier impurities, are observed in the grain boundaries.     

Antiferromagnetic Ising spin glass competing with BCS pairing interaction in a transverse field

The competition among spin glass (SG), antiferromagnetism (AF) and local pairing superconductivity (PAIR) is studied in a two-sublattice fermionic Ising spin glass model with a local BCS pairing interaction in the presence of an applied magnetic transverse field Γ. In the present approach, spins in different sublattices interact with a Gaussian random coupling with an antiferromagnetic mean J₀ and standard deviation J. The problem is formulated in the path integral formalism in which spin operators are represented by bilinear combinations of Grassmann variables. The saddle-point Grand Canonical potential is obtained within the static approximation and the replica symmetric ansatz. The results are analysed in phase diagrams in which the AF and the SG phases can occur for small g (g is the strength of the local superconductor coupling written in units of J), while the PAIR phase appears as unique solution for large g. However, there is a complex line transition separating the PAIR phase from the others. It is second order at high temperature that ends in a tricritical point. The quantum fluctuations affect deeply the transition lines and the tricritical point due to the presence of Γ.     

Pairing in asymmetric two-component fermion matter

We analyze the possibilities of pairing between two different fermion species in asymmetric matter at low density. While the direct interaction allows pairing only for very small asymmetries, the pairing mediated by polarization effects is always possible, with a pronounced maximum at finite asymmetry. We present analytical results up to second order in the low-density parameter k_Fa.