Coupled continuous-time random-walk: Pseudo diffusion with anisotropic scattering

A generalization of pseudo-diffusion processes in media with anisotropic scattering, described by a coupled RW, is done by means of the CTRW theory. The behaviour of the probability distribution has been studied. A kind of phase breaking in such a behaviour arises as a function of the anisotropic parameter. Some examples, with different models for the waiting time density, are presented. In the limit of strong forward or backward scattering, we have a new way to analyze quasi-unidirectional or quasi-collapsed processes respectively.Also at Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Centro Regional BarilocheComisión Nacional de Energia AtómicaComisión Nacional de Energía Atómica and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo     

Coherent States and Modified de Broglie-Bohm Complex Quantum Trajectories

This paper examines the nature of classical correspondence in the case of coherent states at the level of quantum trajectories. We first show that for a harmonic oscillator, the coherent state complex quantum trajectories and the complex classical trajectories are identical to each other. This congruence in the complex plane, not restricted to high quantum numbers alone, illustrates that the harmonic oscillator in a coherent state executes classical motion. The quantum trajectories we consider are those conceived in a modified de Broglie-Bohm scheme. Though quantum trajectory representations are widely discussed in recent years, identical classical and quantum trajectories for coherent states are obtained only in the present approach. We may note that this result for standard harmonic oscillator coherent states is not totally unexpected because of their holomorphic nature. The study is extended to coherent states of a particle in an infinite potential well and that in a symmetric Poschl-Teller potential by solving for the trajectories numerically. For the Gazeau-Klauder coherent state of the infinite potential well, almost identical classical and quantum trajectories are obtained whereas for the Poschl-Teller potential, though classical trajectories are not regained, a periodic motion results as t→∞. Similar features were found for the SUSY quantum mechanics-based coherent states of the Poschl-Teller potential too, but this time the pattern of complex trajectories is quite different from that of the previous case. Thus we find that the method is a potential tool in analyzing the properties of generalized coherent states.     

Multienergetic continuous time random walk

We have extended the CTRW theory of Montroll and Weiss including the effect of extra variables, like the energy. This MCTRW scheme can be written in a simple matrix notation, that simplifies its solution. As an example of their usefulness we have studied a two-energy-group neutron diffusion problem. This has shown the peculiarities of the transient behaviour for the variance of the probability distribution, due to the coupling between the groups.Comisión Nacional de Energiá AtómicaComisión Nacional de Energía Atómica and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo     

The spiked harmonic oscillatorV(r)=r 2+λr −4 as a challenge to perturbation theory

The standard weak- and strong-coupling perturbation series are interpreted as extreme special cases of expansions obtainable within the framework of Rayleigh-Schroedinger perturbation theory with non-diagonal propagators and unspecified zero-order energies. The formalism of the latter type is then tested by our strongly singular example. It proves suitable for applications in the domain of virtually arbitrary couplings. A few related technicalities and especially the quadruple problem of convergence are also discussed.Dedicated to the memory of M. Gmitro.RG acknowledges support from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain, under contract 969/87. MFF acknowledges support via a fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain, under the program Estancias Temporales de Científicos y Tecnólogos Extranjeros. MZ acknowledges a partial support from the former resource during his short stay in Valencia, and a partial support from the Grant Agency of the Czechosl. Acad. Sci.     

Renormalization group calculation for cells with inequivalent spins

We have considered a real-space renormalization group transformation for a bidimensional Ising model, carrying out approximate calculations for cells where site spins do not play the same role. The dependence on the ratio between the number of intercell and intracell nearest-neighbour interactions has also been discussed.Fellow of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina.Fellow of the Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.     

Viscosity destabilizes sonoluminescing bubbles

In single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) microbubbles are trapped in a standing sound wave, typically in water or water-glycerol mixtures. However, in viscous liquids such as glycol, methylformamide, or sulphuric acid it is not possible to trap the bubble in a stable position. This is very peculiar as larger viscosity normally stabilizes the dynamics. Suslick and co-workers call this new mysterious state of SBSL "moving-SBSL." We identify the history force (a force nonlocal in time) as the origin of this destabilization and show that the instability is parametric. A force balance model quantitatively accounts for the observed quasiperiodic bubble trajectories.     

Rays and phases in quantum mechanics

We show how phases enter in quantum mechanics as observable entities, in spite of the fact that physical states are represented by rays; in particular the Berry phase for closed loops and the phase difference between the two paths in the two-slit experiment stem from a common origin.1. On leave from Departamento de Fisica Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.     

Extension of the de Broglie-Bohm theory to the Ginzburg-Landau equation

The de Broglie-Bohm approach permits to assign well defined trajectories to particles that obey the Schroedinger equation. We extend this approach to electron pairs in a superconductor. In the stationary regime this extension is completely natural; in the general case additional postulates are required. This approach gives enlightening views for the absence of Hall effect in the stationary regime and for the formation of permanent currents.     

On the positive energy theorem involving mass and electromagnetic charges

A new theorem relating mass and charges is deduced, which can be applied to more general physical systems than those covered by the theorem of Gibbons and Hull [1].On leave from Instituto de Matématicas Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, ArgentinaAlfred P. Sloan Fellow; supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation     

On the perturbed angular correlation attenuation factor for relaxing systems

The attenuation factor of gamma-gamma perturbed angular correlation in the isotropic random-phase approximation is deduced for an axially symmetric quadrupole interaction and spins 1, 3/2, 2 and 5/2. It is shown that modifications to the usual expression are significant. Useful expressions for fitting procedures are obtained.Work supported in part by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Financiadora de estudos e Projetos (FINEP).     

Effective Lagrangians for points,strings and membranes from the BFV formalism

We derive an expression for the charge radius and anapole moment of a free fermion induced at one loop in the standard Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model of electroweak interactions. The result, despite earlier claims to the contrary, is demonstrably gauge-invariant and observable in principle.On leave from Instituto de Física, Universidad National Autónoma de México     

Unruh–DeWitt Detectors in Spherically Symmetric Dynamical Space-Times

In the present paper, Unruh–DeWitt detectors are used in order to investigate the issue of temperature associated with a spherically symmetric dynamical space-times. Firstly, we review the semi-classical tunneling method, then we introduce the Unruh–DeWitt detector approach. We show that for the generic static black hole case and the FRW de Sitter case, making use of peculiar Kodama trajectories, semiclassical and quantum field theoretic techniques give the same standard and well known thermal interpretation, with an associated temperature, corrected by appropriate Tolman factors. For a FRW space-time interpolating de Sitter space with the Einstein–de Sitter universe (that is a more realistic situation in the frame of ΛCDM cosmologies), we show that the detector response splits into a de Sitter contribution plus a fluctuating term containing no trace of Boltzmann-like factors, but rather describing the way thermal equilibrium is reached in the late time limit. As a consequence, and unlike the case of black holes, the identification of the dynamical surface gravity of a cosmological trapping horizon as an effective temperature parameter seems lost, at least for our co-moving simplified detectors. The possibility remains that a detector performing a proper motion along a Kodama trajectory may register something more, in which case the horizon surface gravity would be associated more likely to vacuum correlations than to particle creation.     

Superspace gauge fixing of topological Yang-Mills theories

We revisit the construction of topological Yang-Mills theories of the Witten type with arbitrary space-time dimension and number of shift supersymmetry generators, using a superspace formalism. The super-BF structure of these theories is exploited in order to determine their actions uniquely, up to the ambiguities due to the fixing of the Yang-Mills and BF gauge invariance. UV finiteness to all orders of perturbation theory is proved in a gauge of the Landau type.Received: 29 October 2003, Published online: 18 February 2004Clisthenis P. Constantinidis: Supported in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq - BrazilOlivier Piguet: Supported in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq - BrazilWesley Spalenza: Supported in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq - Brazil     

Broken symmetry of lie groups of transformation generating general relativistic theories of gravitation

Intransitive Lie groups of transformations have invariant varieties which in suitable cases can be considered as space-times of a universe. The physical laws in the latter are expressed in terms of group theoretical notions. Theorems on the coincidences of group trajectories and geodesics are derived. The groups of linear transformations of the space of basis vectors are used as gauge groups to break the symmetry of the group of transformations and of their natural metric. It is shown that in case of the de Sitter group and its adjoint group as gauge group, one obtains in this way general relativistic theories of gravitation, especially Einstein's theory. More general aspects of the formalism are discussed.Article written in memoriam of B. Jouvet of the Collège de France     

Effect of non-Newtonian characteristics of blood on magnetic targeting in the impermeable micro-vessel

In this investigation we consider to extended the work of Furlani and Furlani [15] by taking non-Newtonian fluid model for the blood in the impermeable micro-vessel. The behavior of blood is considered as the Herschel-Bulkley fluid which is more suitable for the micro-vessel of radius 50 μm. The expression for the fluidic force for the carrier particle traversing in the Herschel-Bulkley fluid is obtained first. Several factors that influence the magnetic targeting of the carrier particles in the microvasculature, such as the size of the carrier particle, the volume fraction of embedded magnetic nanoparticles, and the diameter of the micro-vessel are considered in the present problem. An algorithm is given to solve the system of coupled equations for trajectories of the carrier particle in the invasive case. The trajectories of the carrier particles are found in both invasive and noninvasive targeting systems. A comparison is make regarding the trajectories in these cases. Also, a prediction of the capture of therapeutic magnetic nanoparticle in the human microvasculature is made for different radii and volume fractions in both the invasive and noninvasive cases.     

The structure of singularities in space-times with torsion

An analysis of the extension of the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorem to Riemann-Cartan U₄ space-times with torsion and spin density is undertaken. The minimal coupling principle in U₄ is used to formulate a new expression for the convergence condition autoparallels in Einstein-Cartan theory. The Gödel model with torsion is given as an example.On leave of absence from Departmento de Fisica Teórica, Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, CEP:20550, RJ, Brazil.     

Zero-dispersion non-linear resonance

Summary A new type of non-linear resonance is reported. It possesses an unusual counterintuitive feature, namely that: strong non-linear response to a weak periodic force can be obtained in the absence of exact resonance between frequency of the force and any eigenfrequency of the system. It is shown that the topology of phase trajectories differs substantially from the case of conventional non-linear resonance. The frequency of a driving force at which the transition between the conventional non-linear resonance and the zero-dispersion one takes place is found. Possible applications are discussed. Paper presented at the International Workshop ?Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena?, Elba, 5–10 June 1994.