A convenient one-pot synthesis of thiazol-2-imines: application in the construction of pifithrin analogues

For the first time a reaction intermediate has been isolated giving further insight into the mechanism of thiazol-2-imine formation. The first step of the reaction requires a basic medium, while the second step is an acid mediated E1 elimination reaction. An efficient one-pot synthesis of substituted thiazol-2-imines have been achieved by the condensation of carbonyl compounds with thioureas and 1,3-disubstituted thioureas using 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)dipyridinium bistribromide (EDPBT). Unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted thioureas give regioselective products with symmetrical ketones, which are mainly governed by the pK_as of NH protons of thiourea, whereas symmetrical 1,3-disubstituted thioureas give regioselective products with symmetrical carbonyl compounds owing to the regioselective bromination of ketones. The methodology is extended to access novel neurodegenerative drug candidate pifithrin-α analogues in good yields in shorter reaction time. This method is simple, versatile and is applicable for different 1,3-disubstituted thioureas as well as a range of carbonyl compounds.     

α-羰基烯酮式环二硫代缩醛化学(V)——β,β-1,3-亚丙二硫基-α,β-不饱和芳酮类化合物的合成

β,β-二烷硫基-α,β-不饱和酮类化合物作为一类具多反应中心的活泼中间体在有机合成中的应用,近20年来已引人注目并进行了深入广泛的研究~[1,2].以往的研究大多是针对β,β-二甲硫基-α,β-不饱和酮类化合物1进行的,而对结构相近的β,β-1,3-亚丙二硫基-α,β-不饱和酮类化合物2的研究较少.对于1类的合成,所用碱的选择至关重要~[1].实验证明叔丁醇钠和叔丁醇钾~[3～5]在1类的合成中效果较好.前文~[6]曾以六甲基二硅氨基锂(LHMDS)为碱高     

Synthesis of photocrosslinkable polyesters by the Knoevenagel reaction

A new group of photocrosslinkable polyesters formed by the Knoevenagel reaction is described. The approach permits preparation of photoesensitive polymers, where physical properties can be potentially varied through choice of the polyol and the dicarboxylic acid. The following compounds were prepared and studied: (1) products from a Knoevenagel reaction of poly(trimethylopropane azelate cyanoacetate) with benzaldehyde, furaldehyde, and 2-ethylbutyraldehyde and (2) products from a Knoevenagel reaction of poly(1,3-propyl malonate) with benzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 2-ethylbutyraldehyde. Conventional unsaturated polyesters such as poly(1,3-propyl fumarate) and poly(1,3-propyl maleate) were prepared and used for comparison.     

Synthesis of zwitterionic salts via three component reactions of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, acetylenedicarboxylate and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds

A practical synthetic procedure for the preparation of the charge-separated pyridinium-Meldrum acid zwitterionic salts was developed through a unique one-pot three component reaction of pyridine, acetylenedicarboxylate and Meldrum acid. Other nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as N-methylimidazole, 2-picoline, quinoline, isoquinoline and other cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as 1,3-cyclopentanedione, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, barbituric acid also took part in the reaction to give corresponding zwitterionic salts in moderate yields, respectively. In one case an unusual isoquinolinium 1,3-cyclopentanedionate was obtained. A feasible explanation is given for this novel one-pot tandem reaction and the formation of different kinds of products.     

A practical and convenient fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using aqueous HF in the presence of iodosylbenzene

A simple, practical, and convenient fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was achieved by direct use of aqueous hydrofluoric acid and iodosylbenzene (PhIO). The reaction of ethyl benzoylacetate with the reagent system of aqueous HF and PhIO in CH(2)Cl(2) gave ethyl 2-fluoro-2-benzolyacetate in 98% yield. Other 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds including β-keto esters and 1,3-diketones underwent the fluorination reaction to give the corresponding fluorinated products in good yields.     

Highly efficient and green approach for the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives in the presence of novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids incorporated in UiO‐66 nanocages

An efficient and green approach is reported for the rapid synthesis of spirocyclic 2‐oxindole using triethylenediamine or imidazole Brønsted acidic ionic liquids supported in Zr metal–organic framework (TEDA/IMIZ‐BAIL@UiO‐66) as a novel, superior and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Heterocyclic compounds including pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidines and indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines were obtained by the one‐pot condensation reaction of 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil, isatins and cyclic 1,3‐diketone (barbituric acid or 1,3‐indanedione). The reusability of the catalyst, low catalyst loading, short reaction times, excellent yields, simple work‐up, and use of sonochemical procedure as a mild process and an alternative energy source are some of the advantages of this method. Furthermore, the novel heterogeneous nanocomposite was fully characterized using various techniques.     

Synthesis of methoxy-substituted phenols by peracid oxidation of the aromatic ring

[reaction: see text] A novel benign protocol for the preparation of hydroxy-methoxybenzene derivatives is disclosed. By utilizing this protocol, activated aromatic compounds such as 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methyl-benzene and 1-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanone are smoothly converted to the corresponding monohydroxylated compound. The reaction can be considered to be a normal aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction, and the regioselectivity for the reaction thus follows the similar rules as for electrophilic substitutions. The protocol is composed by benign reagents, namely, hydogenperoxide, acetic acid, and p-toluene sulfonic acid, which lead to the production of ethaneperoxoic acid in situ. The ethaneperoxoic acid operates as the hydroxylating reagent. The hydroxylation reaction is completed within a short period and requires moreover only mild experimental conditions, which make this novel protocol a green, cheap, and rapid process leading to hydroxy-methoxybenzene derivatives. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by density functional theory and NMR spectroscopy experiments. The mechanism is constituted by two discrete steps: (a) addition of OH+ to the most nucleophilic carbon atom of the aromatic ring, which is the rate-determining step, and (b) the loss of the proton from the aromatic ring.     

氨基酸5—氟尿嘧啶酯类衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

用氨基酸作抗癌药物载体以提高对癌细胞选择性的研究引起了人们的浓厚兴趣。在前文中,我们报道了5-氟尿嘧啶乙酰和丙酰氨基酸及其氨基酸的3-(N′-5-氟尿嘧啶基)-丙醇酯的合成及其抗肿瘤试验研究。本文将报道一系列氨基酸(5-氟尿嘧啶-1,3-双丙基)酯盐酸盐的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性的研究。 合成路线如下:     

2-Aminothiophene derivatives in a novel synthesis of phthalimidines

New aminophthalides were synthesized from o-formylbenzoic acid and substituted 2-aminothiophenes. Two of these compounds underwent recyclization in boiling Ac₂O to give the previously unknown 3-acetoxy-2-(3-cyano-4,5-dimethylthiophen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one and 3-acetoxy-2-(3-cyano-4,5-tetramethylenethiophen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-1-one. The possible reaction mechanism and factors preventing the recyclization, in particular, the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the starting phthalides, were discussed. Some reactions of the resulting compounds with C-nucleophiles in trifluoroacetic acid were investigated. Two derivatives containing 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl substituents were studied by X-ray diffraction.     

Domino reaction of 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes with oxalyl chloride: general and stereoselective synthesis of gamma-alkylidenebutenolides

The Lewis acid catalyzed cyclization of oxalyl chloride with 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes 3, derived from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds 1, provides a new and general approach for the synthesis of gamma-alkylidenebutenolides 4, a pharmacologically and synthetically important class of substances. A variety of butenolides were efficiently prepared in good yields and with very good regio- and stereoselectivities. An up-scaling of the reaction was possible. The use of the Lewis acid trimethylsilyl-trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) proved to be superior to other activation conditions. Sterically undemanding gamma-alkylidenebutenolides could be prepared alternatively by reaction of the corresponding 1,3-dicarbonyl dianions with N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethylethanediamide (2d). In contrast to the dianion method, the Lewis acid catalyzed reaction also facilitated the cyclization of sterically hindered, base-labile, cyclic and functionalized substrates. From a methodology viewpoint, the dianion reaction represents the first cyclization of a bis-Weinreb amide and the first cyclization of an oxalic acid-synthon with an ambident dianion. The TMSOTf-catalyzed reactions are both the first cyclizations of 1,3bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes with a C2 dielectrophile and the first cyclizations of 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes with a carboxylic acid dichloride or a related dielectrophile.     

One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using boric acid as catalyst

A simple effective synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives, using boric acid as catalyst, from aromatic aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea in glacial acetic acid is described. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of excellent yields (86-97%) and short reaction time (0.5-2 h).     

Synthesis of 2-substituted 5-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivatives

Some 2-substituted 5-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivatives 3 were prepared from the condensation reaction of 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonic acid ( 2 ) with carbonyl compounds in 40–93% yields.     

The synthesis of hexahydrooxoepithiopyridinedicarboximides by the reaction of thioamides with N-substituted maleimides

The synthesis of hexahydrooxoepithiopyridinedicarboxyimide (5: X₂ = N-Ph) by the reaction of thioamides 1 with N-substituted maleimide ( 2a ) was examined. The reaction of primary thioamides, such as thiobenzamide and p-toluthioamide with N-phenylmaleimide gives compounds 5 together with corresponding 4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazoles 4 . However, a similar reaction of secondary thioamides, such as N-methylthioacetamide, thiobenzanilide, with N-phenylmaleimide did not provide compounds 5 without addition of acid. The reaction pathway and the configuration of 5 were also investigated.     

15种1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷类香料化合物的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，巯基乙醇分别与羰基化合物在苯中共沸脱水，合成了15种1，3－氧硫杂环戊烷类香料化合物，经IR、GC－MS和^1H NMR分析，确证了产物结构。此合成方法简便易行。     

Synthesis of 3-[4-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-aryl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives as Biological Agents

A protocol for the synthesis of 3-[4-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-aryl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (5a–e) has been developed from 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-bromoethanone (2),which served as a key intermediate for the synthesis of the title compounds. The reaction of compound 2 with thiourea furnished 4-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine 3, which upon further reaction with various aromatic aldehydes, gave Schiff bases 4a–e. These Schiff bases, when treated with thioacetic acid in the presence of catalytic amount of anhydrous ZnCl₂, yielded thiazolidinone derivatives 5a–e. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectral data and screened for their antimicrobial and analgesic activity.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

A convenient synthesis of 5-acyl-6-substituted 3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinones

2-Dimethylaminomethylidene-1,3-diketones are useful synthons for the construction of 5-acyl-6-substituted-3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinones. The reaction of these 1,3-diketones and the anion of cyanoacetamide gave the title compounds. When the 1,3 diketone contained different alkyl or aryl groups, mixtures of regioisomers were formed. To circumvent this problem, dimethylaminomethylidene hydrazones, regioselectively prepared from dimethylhydrazino enones and dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal were reacted with cyanoacetamide anion followed by acid hydrolysis to give the title compounds.     

Synthesis of 1,3-diazapyrenes by the reaction of 1 H-perimidines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds

A method for the synthesis of 1,3-diazapyrenes has been developed based on the reaction of 1H-perimidines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in polyphosphoric or 70% aq. sulfuric acid.     

Manganese(III)-mediated oxidative annulation of methylenecyclopropanes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds

[reactions: see text] Manganese(III)-mediated oxidative annulation of methylenecyclopropanes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in acetic acid produces 4,5-dihydrofuran derivatives as [3+2] annulation products in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The possible reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of previous mechanistic investigation.     

对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物的合成

以易得的1-金刚烷甲酸为原料, 合成了一系列对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物. 由1-金刚烷甲酸经Koch-Haaf羰基化反应得到1,3-金刚烷二甲酸(1); 化合物1经还原得到1,3-金刚烷二甲醇(2); 化合物2在HBr-ZnBr₂体系中经溴代反应得1,3-二(溴甲基)金刚烷(3); 同时经Apple-Lee反应将化合物2转化得到1,3-二(氯甲基)金刚烷(4). 采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等手段表征了产物的结构, 提出了可能的反应机理, 并对合成条件进行了优化.     

Gold‐Catalyzed Formal C−C Bond Insertion Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐2‐diazoesters with 1,3‐Diketones

The transition‐metal‐catalyzed formal C−C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds is well established, but the related reaction of 1,3‐diketones instead gives C−H bond insertion products. Herein, we report a protocol for a gold‐catalyzed formal C−C bond insertion reaction of 2‐aryl‐2‐diazoesters with 1,3‐diketones, which provides efficient access to polycarbonyl compounds with an all‐carbon quaternary center. The aryl ester moiety plays a crucial role in the unusual chemoselectivity, and the addition of a Brønsted acid to the reaction mixture improves the yield of the C−C bond insertion product. A reaction mechanism involving cyclopropanation of a gold carbenoid with an enolate and ring‐opening of the resulting donor–acceptor‐type cyclopropane intermediate is proposed. This mechanism differs from that of the traditional Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed C−C bond insertion reaction of diazo compounds with monocarbonyl compounds, which involves a rearrangement of a zwitterion intermediate as a key step.