Deconvolution Method for Measuring Impulse Responses of the Channel in a Reverberating Medium

We consider comparative properties of different methods for measuring the frequency characteristics of the signal propagation channel in a reverberating medium. It is shown that the proposed deconvolution method for processing a complex frequency-modulated signal with a monotonic instantaneous phase has advantages compared with other methods from the viewpoint of energy efficiency, interference immunity, time-selection possibility, Doppler-effect stability, and insensitivity to the channel nonlinearities. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 702–710, August 2005.     

Doppler Effect in a Moving Medium

The great increase in the accuracy of Doppler measurements in space requires a rigorous definition of the observed quantity in a moving medium, such as the solar wind. This is usually done in two different ways: in the phase point of view it is the time derivative of the correction to the optical path; in the ray point of view—suitable when the medium is confined to a small part of the ray—the signal is obtained from the deflection produced in the ray. They can be reconciled by using the time derivative of the optical path in the Lagrangean sense, i.e., differentiating from ray to ray. A rigorous derivation of this result requires an understanding, through relativistic Hamiltonian theory, of the delicate interplay between rays and phase; this is accomplished with the help of a general perturbation theorem which generalizes the concept of the Doppler effect as a Lagrangean derivative. Relativistic corrections O(v) due to retardation are obtained, well within the expected sensitivity of Doppler experiments near solar conjunction.     

Cherenkov Radiation in Moving Medium

Cherenkov radiation in uniformly moving homogeneous isotropic medium without dispersion is studied. Formula for the spectrum of Cherenkov radiation of fermion was derived for the case when the speed of the medium is less than the speed of light in this medium at rest. The properties of Cherenkov spectrum are investigated.     

Measuring the Acoustic Characteristics of a Helicopter Rotormodel in a Wind Tunnel

Acoustical Physics - The article presents the results of comparative experimental and computational studies of the acoustic characteristics of the model of a helicopter rotor performed in the...     

Acoustic Transducer of Turbulent Pressure Fluctuations in a Temperature-Stratified Medium

The operation of an acoustic transducer in a temperature-stratified medium is investigated. The formation of a response of piezoceramic transducers of pressure fluctuations under the action of temperature fluctuations in a working medium on the sensor element is considered. The attenuation of the temperature signal of a pressure transducer in a turbulent boundary layer is calculated numerically. The effect of distortions of the spectral levels of pressure fluctuations detected by a sound transducer in the field of temperature inhomogeneities is investigated for the example of measurements of turbulent pressure fluctuations in a boundary layer during vertical ascent of the device to the surface from a specified depth in a deep sea.     

快速光电探测器脉冲响应的电光取样测量

建立了半导体激光器电光取样系统。选择１．３μｍ，ＩｎＧａＡｓ增益开关半导体激光器作为取样光源，利用微带ＧａＡｓ衬底的纵向电光效应作为电光取样器，测量了ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ雪崩二极管的脉冲响应特性。分析表明，本系统具有０．３５ｍＶ／√Ｈｚ的电压灵敏度和９ｐｓ的时间分辨率。     

On the Stability of the Surface of a Short Charged Jet Moving with Respect to an External Material Medium

The problem of the stability of capillary waves on the surface of a charged jet of an ideal incompressible electroconducting liquid, which moves with respect to a material dielectric medium, is considered. There is a tangential discontinuity of the velocity field on the interface between the media. Solutions to the problem in two idealized models have been compared, i.e., when the jet has a finite and infinite length. It has been shown that the instability increments and the wave numbers of the most unstable waves, computed in both models, are linearly related, and velocity of motion of the jet acts as a coefficient of proportionality.     

Asymmetric Oscillation and Acoustic Response from an Encapsulated Microbubble Bound within a Small Vessel

Understanding the dynamics of ultrasonic excited microbubbles bound within microvessels is of significance for novel ultrasonic imaging, drug delivery and therapeutic biomedicad applications. A finite element model （FEM） considering acoustic nonlinearity is developed to describe the asymmetric oscillation and acoustic response from mn encapsulated microbubble bound within a small vessel. Numerical simulation is performed for a 2 μm encapsulated microbubble bound within 8-20μm vessels using 2 MHz ultrasound excitation. The oscillation of the bound microbubble becomes more asymmetric under larger ultrasound pressure or within the smaller vessel. The normalized difference between the major and minor axes of epllipse is estimated to be 2.16%for the 8 μm vessel at an acoustic pressure of 0.5 MPa. In addition, the fundamental component of the acoustic scattering from the bound microbubble is enhanced by 6 dB while the second harmonic component is decreased by approximately 29 dB compared with the free microbubble.     

Study of Acoustic Noise during Gas Filtration through a Porous Medium

Acoustical Physics - As fluids and gases move through porous media, they generate acoustic noise. It is shown that the shape of the noise spectra is determined by the properties of the fluid and...     

Suppression of the Resonant Scattering in Imperfect Acoustic Cloaking with a Lossy Medium in R^3

It has been realized that resonance frequencies of imperfect the transformation acoustics in R^2 are located near Dirichlet acoustic cloaking based on a small perturbation of eigenvalues of the cloaked region [Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 （2009） 014301; 29 （2012） 124301]. In this work, we study the performance of the three-dimensional approximate cloaking system based on the transformation acoustics and show that the cloaking effect may be deteriorated at zeroth order Neumann eigenvalues of the concealed region. In particular, transmitted fields into the concealed region can be extremely resonated at frequencies corresponding to the zeroth-order Neumann eigenvalues while scattered fields are suppressed well for any frequency. To enhance the cloaking effect at resonance frequencies, we introduce a lossy medium inside the cloaked region and show that the new proposal can reduce the intensity of transmitted fields significantly due to the lossy medium.     

Phase Transition in Acoustic Localization in a Soft Medium Permeated with Air Bubbles

Propagation of an acoustic wave in a soft medium permeated with air bubbles is theoretically investigated by using a self-consistent approach. The soft medium is assumed to be viscoelastic to estimate the effect of acoustic absorption on the acoustic localization in such a medium. The oscillation phases of bubbles are examined by employing a phase diagram method. A collective oscillation of the bubbles is observed once the acoustic localization occurs, which is known as a phenomenon of ＇phase transition ＇, and such a phenomenon persists as we manually increase the viscosity factor of the soft medium. Therefore it is proven that the phenomenon of phase transition may serve as a unique criterion to effectively identify acoustic localization in a bubbly soft medium even in the presence of viscosity, and the directions of the phase vectors help to determine the extent of localization. This is of practical significance for experimental research studying the acoustic localization in such a medium, for which the presence of viscosity generally causes great ambiguity in distinguishing the effects of localization and acoustic absorption.     

电光可调谐有限脉冲响应滤波器设计

为得到高矩形度、低旁瓣、电光调谐逆向可导及通带带宽可调的电光可调谐滤波器,在x切y传的钛扩散铌酸锂(Ti∶LiNbO3)波导上,对周期性分布的N级叉指电极组提供分立电压V,产生周期性电场,实现似TE模与似TM模的偏振转换,进而实现滤波功能。该结构构成有限脉冲响应(FIR)网络,网络传输矩阵H(z)与电压V具有一一对应关系。利用z变换原理,运用待定系数法求解H(z),从而推导所需电压值V,实现了电光调谐逆向可导。加入不同电压,可以实现自由光谱范围(FSR)内不同通带宽度的可调谐滤波特性。通过仿真验证,该算法是可行的。当N为17时,边模抑制比(SMSR)可达到25dB。并且滤波曲线的矩形度随着叉指电极组级联级数N的增大而增大。     

Experimental Study of the Impulse Response Function Variability of Underwater Sound Channel in the Sea of Japan Using Pseudorandom Sequences and Its Application to Long-Range Acoustic Navigation

The results of experimental and theoretical studies on the propagation and reception of broadband pulsed signals based on pseudorandom sequences are discussed. The features of impulse response functions for reception of signals with different frequency bands and durations of symbols are investigated. Separation of acoustic energy arrivals in the cross-correlation function of the received and emitted signals is investigated in the framework of the normal mode theory for a deep-sea waveguides. The study concluded that a combination of navigation signals with different symbols duration must be used for solving practical problems of autonomous underwater vehicles positioning.

     

Peculiarities of Acoustic Wave Reflection from a Boundary or Layer of a Two-Phase Medium

A mathematical model is presented for determining the oblique incidence of an acoustic wave at both a boundary and layer of a gas–drop mixture or a bubbly liquid of finite thickness. The basic wave reflection and transmission patterns are established for the incidence of a low-frequency acoustic wave at an interface between a pure gas and a gas–drop mixture, as well as between a pure and bubbly liquid. A range of varying volume fractions for a drop is determined, for which the zero value of the reflection coefficient is possible for low frequencies at oblique incidence. It is shown that the reflection coefficient will never be zero at angles of incidence above 24.5° from a gas–drop mixture at a pure gas boundary; however, when a wave is incident from a pure gas at a gas–drop mixture boundary, a zero reflection coefficient is possible for nonzero angles of incidence and the volume fraction of inclusions. The results of calculating reflection of an acoustic wave from a two-phase layer of a medium with a finite thickness are presented. It is established that the minimum reflection coefficient is possible depending on the perturbation frequency for a certain range of angles of incidence for the boundary or the layer of the gas–drop mixture, which is governed mainly by difference in densities between it and the pure gas.