聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

将羧基化多壁碳纳米管分散在L-半胱氨酸溶液中并滴涂在玻碳电极表面.将上述电极在pH 6.9的B-R缓冲溶液中,于-1.0～2.5 V的电位范围内进行电聚合,制备了聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(Pol-L-Cys/MWCNTs/GCE).研究发现,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极上分别出现了一对氧化还原峰,且两者的氧化峰电位差达101 mV,提出了用微分脉冲伏安法同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的方法.氧化峰电流与邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol·L-1呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均达1.0×10-5mol·L-1.修饰电极用于模拟样品中邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的测定,回收率在82.0%～107.0%之间.     

对乙酰氨基酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,研究了对乙酰氨基酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的循环伏安行为,并建立了测定对乙酰氨基酚含量的电化学分析方法。在pH为6.89的磷酸盐缓冲液中,多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对对乙酰氨基酚有明显的电催化作用,其氧化峰电流与对乙酰氨基酚浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-7mol·L-1。     

六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极研究

采用电沉积方法制备六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(CuCoHCF-MWCNTs/GCE).研究碳纳米管用量、电解液组成对该修饰电极性能的影响.结果表明,与单一的六氰合铁酸铜钴薄膜修饰电极相比,六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极具有更优良的电化学特性,以其催化氧化过氧化氢,峰电流与过氧化氢浓度在3.16×10-5～2.92×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.5529+1.1299C(×10-4mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.9966,检出限为1.75×10-5mol·L-1.     

多壁碳纳米管化学修饰玻碳电极用于曲酸的伏安测定

考查了曲酸在多壁碳纳米管化学修饰电极上的电化学行为,相对于裸玻碳电极,多壁碳纳米管化学修饰电极测定曲酸的峰电流明显增加.示差脉冲伏安法测定曲酸的线性范围为1.0×10-5～1.0×10-9mol·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-6mol·L-1.用此修饰电极连续测定一种酱油样品的曲酸含量,得到一致的结果,而用裸玻碳电极时所得结果明显降低,由此可见,修饰电极的稳定性显著提高.方法用于酱油、黄酒等复杂样中曲酸的直接测定,加标平均回收率为99.5%,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%.     

用杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极计时电流法测定过氧化氢

在含8.0×10-4mol·L-1杯芳烃的0.1 mol·L-1四丁基高氯酸铵溶液中,在-0.4～0.6 V电位下,在碳纤维电极表面电沉积一层杯芳烃膜,制得杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极.采用扫描电镜和交流阻抗法对电极表面的性能进行了表征,采用循环伏安法和计时电流法对其电化学性能进行研究.试验发现:过氧化氢在杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极上出现一个明显氧化峰,氧化峰电位为0.6 V,提出了用计时电流法测定过氧化氢的方法.在优化的试验条件下,氧化峰电流与过氧化氢的浓度在1.5×10-5～3.8×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-6mol·L-1.修饰电极用于医用消毒水中过氧化氢的测定,所得结果与高锰酸钾滴定法测定值相一致,用标准加入法做回收率试验,所得结果在97%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为4%.     

邻苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

叙述了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极的制备方法,多壁碳纳米管用前需经硫酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸预处理以增强其反应活性.与裸玻碳电极相比,多壁碳纳米管修饰电极具有更高的氧化还原峰电流和更低的氧化电位.试验优化了支持电解质、pH值、扫描速率等测定条件,此法测定邻苯二酚的线性范围为4.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为6.0×10-8mol·L-1.应用于模拟水样中邻苯二酚的测定.在4个浓度水平上用标准加入法作了回收试验,测得其回收率在99.2%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于3.5%.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定非那西汀

本文研究了非那西汀在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为。在0.1 mol·L-1HAc-NaAc(pH5.3)溶液中,非那西汀在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上有一对可逆的氧化还原峰和一个氧化峰。对各种实验条件进行了优化,测得峰电流I p与非那西汀浓度在4.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0×10-6mol·L-1。此修饰电极具有较好的重现性和稳定性。利用优化后的条件对尼美舒利药片进行了测定,测量值与标示值符合,回收率在96.5%~104.2%。     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极差分脉冲伏安法测定酪氨酸

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,研究了酪氨酸在该电极上的电氧化行为并优化了测定条件.试验表明:与裸玻碳电极相比,该修饰电极明显降低了酪氨酸的氧化电位,提高了酪氨酸的氧化峰电流;利用差分脉冲伏安法测定其峰电流和酪氨酸的浓度在3.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.6×10-7mol·L-1;一些常见物质对测定无干扰.此方法已应用于人尿中酪氨酸的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.1%～4.5%之间,加标回收率在93.8%～111.8%之间.     

循环伏安法研究利福平的电化学行为

采用循环伏安法研究了利福平在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(MWCNT′s/GCE)上的电化学行为。结果表明:在pH 1.2的0.2mol.L-1硫酸-硫酸钠溶液中,修饰电极对利福平有良好的电催化作用,能够显著提高氧化还原峰电流,还原峰电流与利福平浓度分别在6.6×10-8～6.8×10-6 mol.L-1,6.8×10-6～4.8×10-5 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.0×10-8 mol.L-1。对利福平在修饰电极(MWCNT′s/GCE)上的电化学动力学性质进行了研究。     

基于多壁碳纳米管化学修饰电极直接测定饮料中的麦芽酚

采用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了麦芽酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种直接测定饮料样品中麦芽酚含量的电分析测试方法. 在pH=8.5的NH3 ·H2 O-NH4 Cl 缓冲溶液中,麦芽酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上于0.55 V(vs.SCE)产生不可逆的氧化峰. 该修饰电极对麦芽酚的电化学反应具有促进作用,阳极峰电流与溶液中麦芽酚的浓度成正比,线性范围为5.0×10-6～9.0×10-4mol/L,检出下限为2.0×10-6mol/L.对含5.0×10-5mol/L的麦芽酚溶液平行测定10次的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%.多壁碳纳米管修饰电极具有良好的电极稳定性,可用于饮料样品中麦芽酚的直接测定,避免了繁复费时的样品前处理过程. 将该修饰电极用于啤酒、可乐和葡萄酒样品中麦芽酚测定,回收率为98%～103%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.