微反应器和微聚合反应器

微反应器是指容量仅为零点几μm^3或宽度为1μm左右的反应“容器”，反应在这个微小区域内有控地进行。以表面科学与微制造技术为核心，新型微反应器近年来发展很快。本文介绍五种微反应器，即反相胶束微反应器，聚合物微反应器，固体模板微反应器，微条纹反应器和微聚合反应器，以及它们在各高科技领域中的可能应用。     

八甲基环四硅氧烷的微乳液聚合

八甲基环四硅氧烷的微乳液聚合;聚硅氧烷;微乳液聚合;成核机理     

T型微通道装置制备单分散PLGA微球

利用微通道法乳化技术原理,研制了一个可拆卸T型玻璃微通道装置,以聚乙烯醇水溶液为连续相,聚(乳酸-co-羟基乙酸)(PLGA)的二氯甲烷溶液为分散相,制备了单分散的PLGA微球.考察了乳化剂用量、连续相和分散相流速以及PLGA浓度对形成的液滴平均粒径和变异系数(CV值)的影响.结果表明,增大乳化剂用量,提高连续相流速或降低分散相流速,制备得到的PLGA微球直径减小;分散相浓度在5～20 g/L之间变化时,其对微球直径的影响有限.PLGA微球表面光滑无孔,且内部是实心的.用本装置制备得到的PLGA微球,其粒径范围在30～200μm之间,CV值在15%以下,最低可至3%.该方法可使用挥发性有机溶剂作为分散相而且能避免微球制备时易堵塞等问题,可应用于药物缓控释领域中微米级单分散微球的制备.     

丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯微乳体系的相行为及微乳聚合

甲基丙烯酸甲酯;十二烷基磺酸钠;十二烷基磺酸钠;丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯微乳体系的相行为及微乳聚合     

基于微机电系统的高深宽比气相微色谱柱

色谱柱的微型化是实现气相色谱仪微小型化必须要解决的关键问题之一。该文基于微机电系统技术设计制作了一种具有高深宽比微沟道的气相微色谱柱。通过COMSOL软件进行仿真分析,得出气相微色谱柱具有均匀的流速场分布。测试结果表明,该气相微色谱柱成功分离了烷烃类气体混合物及苯系物,其理论塔板数可达14028 plates/m,C7~C8的分离度最高,为10.82。这种气相微色谱柱由于具有体积小、能耗低、分离性能好等优点,可望在微小型气相色谱仪上获得应用。     

微乳液结构和丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合

本文对微乳液的结构及其特征作了概括性的论述，并着重总结了近年来在微乳液聚合方面的研究成果，特别是对丙烯酰胺，丙烯酸盐以及（２－甲基丙烯酰氧乙基）三甲基氯化铵等单位的反相微乳液聚合的研究工作进行了详尽论述。     

微乳液聚合

介绍了微乳化工艺和助乳化剂对单体液滴大小、乳化剂的吸附、乳液稳定性、聚合动力学和乳胶粒子大小及分布的影响,并讨论了单体亚微液滴成核机理。     

黄土中微玻璃陨石和微玻璃球的发现与意义

首次在陆相沉积物-黄土中发现了16颗微玻璃陨石和3颗陨石消融型si-Mg微玻璃球。它们赋存于洛川黄土剖面中B/M界线之上,L8上部层位中,其沉降年龄为0.72—0.724Ma,与深海岩芯中澳-亚群微玻璃陨石的赋存层位一致,黄土中微玻璃陨石呈球状、椭球状、肾状、滴状及不规则状,颜色以微黄褐色,微黄绿色和浅黄棕色为主,少数为浅绿色、白色及无色透明球粒,粒径在65—220μm之间,多具溶蚀痕迹,但仍可见明显的气孔和凹坑,并发育有流动构造和熔渣构造。据其主量元素成分,黄土中微玻璃陨石可分为普通、瓶绿色和高铝微玻璃陨石三个化学群,其化学成分分别与深海岩芯中相同类型的微玻璃陨石相同。据其地理位置,赋存层位,沉降年龄及化学成分,这些黄土中微玻璃陨石属澳-亚散落群。微量元素研究表明,微玻璃陨石具有复杂的形成过程,其母源物质是多来源的。     

用乳化度评价中相微乳

用乳化度评价中相微乳;微乳相图;表面活性剂;油相性质;盐宽;用乳化度评价中相微乳     

无孔双马来酰亚胺树脂微球的制备

无孔双马来酰亚胺树脂微球的制备;聚醚酰亚胺;双马来酰亚胺树脂;相结构;微球     

Soft colloidal lithography by strong physical contact using swollen magnetic microspheres and magnetic force

Herein we report on pattern formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using soft colloidal lithography, based on strong physical contact between microspheres and substrate. In typical colloidal lithography, weak contact of microspheres with the substrate does not block the formation of a SAM. To establish conformal contact between microspheres and substrate to block the formation of a SAM, magnetic force was exerted on softened paramagnetic microspheres that had been swollen by a solvent. The soft colloidal lithography with controlled buoyance enables pattern formation through simple wet chemistry.     

One-pot ultrasonic synthesis of multifunctional microbubbles and microcapsules using synthetic thiolated macromolecules

A one-pot ultrasonic procedure has been developed as a versatile route for synthesizing polymer-coated microspheres that have potential application as drug delivery vehicles. The use of synthetic thiolated poly(methacrylic acid) macromolecules as the shell material offers control over size, morphology and functionality of the microspheres.     

超声悬浮共聚法制备聚合物微球及其形态

采用超声粉碎和悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯为主单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,颜料黄74为着色剂,合成了彩色聚合物微球。光学显微镜以及扫描电镜的观察和分析表明：利用超声粉碎法可使聚合物微球的粒径从几百微米降低到几微米;热熔融后,聚合物微球内包覆了细小的颜料颗粒。     

非离子乳化剂细乳液聚合制备草莓型PSt/SiO2纳米复合微球

通过细乳液聚合,使用非离子乳化体系辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(CA-897),在纳米二氧化硅水分散介质中,以1-乙烯基咪唑(1-VID)作为辅助单体制备了苯乙烯为核,纳米二氧化硅为壳的草莓型PSt/SiO2有机-无机复合微球.实验范围内得到的复合微球的平均粒径和最终SiO2含量分别介于140～180 nm和19 wt%-31wt...     

AMPS/MMA二元共聚微球的超声无皂乳液制备与表征

将超声辐射无皂乳液聚合作用于含有2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的水溶液中,在不加任何引发剂和乳化剂的条件下合成AMPS/MMA二元共聚高分子微球,考察了超声反应时间对单体转化率的影响,用FTIR、TGA-DSC、TEM和粒度分析仪等技术进行了表征,并初步探讨了聚合反应机理。结果表明,合成得到的高分子微球粒径在0.77μm左右,分散均匀,且具有较好的热稳定性     

Enzyme inhibitor screening by electrospray mass spectrometry with immobilized enzyme on magnetic silica microspheres

In this study, a novel technique for screening inhibitors by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with immobilized enzyme on magnetic microspheres has been demonstrated. First, the model enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is immobilized onto the 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO)-modified magnetic silica microspheres. AChE activity was monitored by biochemical assay that is based on mixing of AChE immobilized microspheres and model substrate acetylcholine, separating and detecting the product through ESI-MS. Stability of the enzyme-immobilized microspheres was investigated. No apparent loss of enzyme activity was observed after fivefold reuse of AChE-immobilized microspheres. The enzyme-immobilized bioassay was used to effectively identify AChE inhibitors among two standard samples, huperzine A and huperzine B, and their source herbal Huperzia serrata, all of which were spiked into the substrate. The inhibition was determined by measuring a decrease of product formation using ESI-MS.     

Boronic acid functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres for the specific enrichment of glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a number of diseases, including infections and cancer. However, identification and isolation of low‐abundant glycoproteins remains a significant challenge that limits their application. Thus, methods of specific and selective glycoprotein enrichment are required. In this study, novel phenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic microspheres were successfully synthesized. Fe₃O₄ microspheres were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method and were coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate using an ultrasonic method to form a core‐shell structure. Compared to the conventional mechanical stirring for 12 h, the ultrasonic method saved about 7 h in processing time, and the home‐made magnetic microspheres had better dispersibility and homogeneity. Subsequently, the magnetic microspheres were modified by addition of an amino group and a carboxyl group, in sequence. Finally, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid, as the functional monomer, was linked to the magnetic microspheres for capturing glycoprotein/glycopeptides. The results of this study indicate that phenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic microspheres show excellent adsorption performance toward glycoprotein/glycopeptides. The maximum absorbing capacity of the microspheres for fetuin was 108 mg/g, and the enrichment efficiency reached 89.7%, indicating their potential to separate and enrich glycoproteins from the complex biological samples.     

羧甲基葡聚糖磁性纳米微球的制备及表征

采用超声预处理技术,在羧甲基葡聚糖-水分散体系中,通过化学共沉淀法制备羧甲基葡聚糖磁性复合微球．采用IR,TEM,AFM,XRD和振动样品磁强计方法对产物进行了表征．实验结果表明：超声预处理方法能明显提高复合微球的分散性．制得的复合微球呈球形,分散均匀,平均粒径为100nm．它们具有超顺磁性,室温下磁性饱和磁化强度为35emu·g^-1．     

ZnO Nanobelts and Hollow Microspheres Grown on Cu Foil

ZnO nanobelts, hollow microspheres, and urchins have been prepared on copper foil via a simply low temperature evaporation route. The microstructure, morphologies, and photolu-minescence of the ZnO nanostructures were studied with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra. The width of the nanobelts was about 500 nm and the length was longer than 10μm. The diameter of the hollow microspheres was between 5 and 10μm. A possible growth mechanism of the nanobelts, microspheres and urchins was proposed. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibited strong deep level energy emissions and a weak near band edge emission. These ZnO nanostructures on a copper substrate have the advantages of naturally good adhesion and electrical connection between the ZnO nanostructures and the conductive substrate.     

Facile fabrication of hollow silica and titania microspheres using plasma-treated polystyrene spheres as sacrificial templates

By means of a plasma technique, the surfaces of monodisperse polystyrene (PS) colloids have been modified with hydroxyl groups. Using these surface-modified PS colloids as sacrificial templates, we have fabricated silica-coated PS colloids (PS@silica) and titania-coated PS colloids (PS@titania) composite microspheres as well as hollow and mesoporous silica and titania microspheres. This process not only demonstrated a facile, low-cost, environmentally benign way to fabricate hollow oxides structures but also offered a feasible alternative to the preparation of polymer/inorganic oxide composites by templating against the polymer substrate with hydrophobic surfaces.