76Se的低自旋新能级及其晕带能级结构的讨论

分别用反康谱仪和两个高纯锗探测器进行了单谱和符合谱测量,研究了⁷⁶Br的衰变.用⁷⁵As(α,3n)⁷⁶Br和⁷⁶Se(p,n)⁷⁶Br二种核反应生成了⁷⁶Br核.实验结果证实了以前报道的属于⁷⁶Se的能级和γ射线.首次发现了39条新γ射线和15个新能级.基于logft的计算值、所观测到的能态的退激发方式和一些核反应的实验结果,提出了新能级的自旋和宇称.建议了一个新的⁷⁶Br衰变纲图.用在束γ谱学方法所观测到的高自旋态,对正宇称晕带和在角动量投影壳模型框架下的计算结果进行了比较.     

Level Structure of 83Rb in the Projected Shell Model

The projected shell model is applied to the odd-proton nucleus 83 Rb. The results of theoretical calculationsabout the excited positive-parity yrast states and the negative-parity ground-state band are compared with experimentaldata, and the best reproduction of the experiment has been given by this model. In addition, a band diagram calculatedfor the negative-parity g.s. band is also shown in order to extract physics out of the numerical results.     

Structure analysis of ~(159)Sm and properties of odd-mass neutron-rich nuclei in mass-160 region

Recent fission experiment data provide interesting structure information for neutron-rich nuclei in the mass A ～ 160 region. We apply the projected shell model to study the strongly-deformed, neutron-rich Sm isotopes. We perform calculations for rotational bands up to spin I = 20 (29/2) for even-even (odd-neutron) Sm isotopes, and analyze the band structure of low-lying states with quasiparticle excitations. Emphasis is given to rotational bands based on one-quasiparticle (1-qp) configurations in the odd-ma...     

投影壳模型研究丰中子奇奇核102,104Nb的转动能谱

运用投影壳模型研究了正常形变丰中子核同位素102,104Nb的低能级能谱, 并指定了它的准粒子组态, 理论计算所得到的能谱曲线与实验给出的能谱曲线非常一致, 说明了投影壳模型对研究重核低能级谱非常有效。 The Projected Shell Model(PSM) is used to study the low energy scheme of the neutron rich normal deformed isotopes of odd odd nuclei 102, 104Nb. The quasiparticle configuration is assigned. The theoretical calculations of the energy band of 102,104Nb could well reproduce the experimental data. It is shown that PSM is a valid method for studying the low energy scheme of heavy nuclei.     

Structure of odd–odd La at high spin

The high spin states in the N=79 odd–odd ¹³⁶La nucleus have been investigated by in-beam γ-spectroscopic techniques following the ¹³⁰Te(¹¹B, 5n)¹³⁶La reaction at E=52 MeV using an array, consisting of eight Compton-suppressed clover germanium detectors. Thirty nine new γ rays have been assigned to ¹³⁶La on the basis of γ ray singles and γγ-coincidence data. The level scheme of ¹³⁶La has been extended above the known 115 ms isomer upto an excitation energy of 4.6 MeV and spin 18. Thirty one new levels have been proposed and spin-parity assignments for most of the newly proposed levels have been made on the basis of the deduced asymmetry ratios and polarisation information for the de-exciting transitions. The observed positive parity yrast band has been compared with the theoretical calculation, done within the framework of particle rotor coupling model (PRM) where the two odd quasi-particles are coupled to an axially symmetric core. The level structure has been discussed in the light of the known systematics of the neighbouring N=79 isotonic nuclei.     

丰中子锰同位素的壳模型计算

利用球形壳模型和投影壳模型两种方法对Z≤28,N=40附近pf壳的丰中子核素的结构进行了一系列的研究。以丰中子的锰同位素为例讨论了对奇奇核58,60Mn的两种壳模型计算结果。结果显示,两种理论方法都很好地再现了58,60Mn实验上观测到的从低激发到高自旋态的能级。在对这两个同位素由中子g_9/2轨道闯入所产生的负宇称转动带进行描述时,两种理论计算也得到了一致的结果。通过对比,阐明了两种壳模型方法及其采用的有效相互作用在该丰中子核区的适用性,特别强调了中子g_9/2轨道的激发对于pf壳Z≤28丰中子核素结构的重要性。Recently,we have carried out a series of studies on the structures of pf shell neutron-rich nuclei around N=40 using the spherical shell model and the projected shell model respectively.As an example,these two types of shell model calculations for the neutron-rich odd-odd isotopes 58,60Mn are discussed in this paper.The results show that both the calculations reproduce the observed experimental energy levels from the lowexcitation states to the high-spin ones in 58,60Mn.Consistent results are also obtained by these two theoretical calculations when describing the negative-parity rotational band derived from the intruder neutron g_9/2 orbital in both isotopes.Through comparison,we show the applicability of these two shell model methods and the adopted effective interactions in the present neutron-rich mass region.The significance of the excitations from neutron g_9/2 orbital to the structures of the neutron-rich nuclei in pf shell with Z≤28 are especially emphasized in this paper.     

Microscopic study of electromagnetic properties and band spectra of neutron deficient ~(133,135,137)Sm

A microscopic high spin study of neutron deficient and normally deformed ~(133,135,137)Sm has been carried out in projected shell model framework.The theoretical results have been obtained for the spins,parities and energy values of yrast and excited bands.Besides this,the band spectra,band head energies,moment of inertia and electromagnetic transition strengths are also Predicted in these isotoPes.The calculations successfully give a deeper understanding of the mechanism of the formation of yrast and excited bands from the single and multi-quasi particle configurations.The results on moment of inertia predict an alignment of a pair of protons in the proton(1 h_(11/2))~2 orbitals in the yrast ground state bands of ~(133-137)Sm due to the crossing of one quasiparticle bands by multi-quasiparticle bands at higher spins.The discussion in the present work is based on the deformed single particle scheme.Any future experimental confirmation or refutation of our predictions will be a valuable information which can help to understand the deformed single particle structure in these odd mass neutron deficient ~(133-137)Sm.     

Relativistic Consistent Angular-Momentum Projected Shell-Model:Angular-Momentum Projection

The angular-momentum projection part of RECAPS is presented. Application of RECAPS to some deformed nuclei is also presented.     

Relativistic Consistent Angular-Momentum Projected Shell-Model:Relativistic Mean Field

We develop a relativistic nuclear structure model, relativistic consistent angular-momentum projected shell-model (RECAPS), which combines the relativistic mean-field theory with the angular-momentum projection method. In this new model, nuclear ground-state properties are first calculated consistently using relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. Then angular momentum projection method is used to project out states with good angular momentum from a few important configurations. By diagonalizing the hamiltonian, the energy levels and wave functions are obtained. This model is a new attempt for the understanding of nuclear structure of normal nuclei and for the prediction of nuclear properties of nuclei far from stability. In this paper, we will describe the treatment of the relativistic mean field. A computer code, RECAPS-RMF, is developed. It solves the relativistic mean field with axial-symmetric deformation in the spherical harmonic oscillator basis. Comparisons between our calculations and existing relativistic mean-field calculations are made to test the model. These include the ground-state properties of spherical nuclei ¹⁶O and ²⁰⁸Pb, the deformed nucleus ²⁰Ne. Good agreement is obtained.     

Spectroscopy and lifetime measurement of high spin states in 73Se

The nucleus ⁷³ Se was studied by the reaction ⁵¹ V(²⁸ Si,αpn)⁷³ Se. The level scheme extended upto $\frac{{41}} {2}\bar h $ in both +ve and ?ve parity bands with 10 new transitions placed in the level scheme. Lifetimes of 17 high spin states measured by DSAM. The transitional quadrupole moment is found to drop down after the band crossing suggesting a less deformed configuration. At the band crossing region, Q _t increases suddenly in both +ve and ?ve parity bands. It is argued that the +ve parity band is a decoupled band.     

Proton radioactivity at non-collective prolate shape in high spin state of Ag

We predict proton radioactivity and structural transitions in high spin state of an excited exotic nucleus near proton drip line in a theoretical framework and investigate the nature and the consequences of the structural transitions on separation energy as a function of temperature and spin. It reveals that the rotation of the excited exotic nucleus ⁹⁴Ag at excitation energies around 6.7 MeV and angular momentum near 21? generates a rarely seen prolate non-collective shape and proton separation energy becomes negative which indicates proton radioactivity in agreement with the experimental results of Mukha et al. for ⁹⁴Ag.     

Level statistics for the even-even Yb isotopes

The level statistics of the even-even Yb isotopes are studied by using the energy levels calculated by the projected shell model. The spectrum of intrinsic states and band energies are also studied to discuss the generation of chaoticity. The energy dependence of the chaoticity is investigated, and a chaos to order transition is found.     

Self-Alignment of 1P1-Levels of Alkaline-Earth Elements in a Hollow Cathode Discharge

The self-alignment of some ¹P¹- level of alkaline-earth elements in a hollow cathode discharge is investigated. The radiative lifetimes and the signal broadening constants are determined from the Hanle signals.     

Microscopic Study of Band Structures in98-102Sr and 100-104Zr Isotopes

The properties of the high spin states of the neutron-rich ^98-102Sr and ^100-104Zr isotopes have been studied using the projected shell model. In particular, the upbending phenomenon is investigated for these isotopes along the yrast line. The results show that the occurrence of upbending phenomenon is
attributed to the band crossing between ground state band and 2-qp neutron band having configuration 2νh_{11 / 2}[-3/2, 5/2], K=1. Furthermore, the neutron two-quasi-particle structure of side bands in ⁹⁸Sr and ¹⁰²Zr is discussed in this paper.     

188Pb形变和形状共存的研究

用角动量投影壳模型研究了188Pb核素的形状共存. 实验数据经过计算结果的分析,指出188Pb的低能激发态存在着对应于不同内部粒子组态的球形基态、扁椭球和长椭球三种形状的共存;预言了质子h9/2两粒子-两空穴扁椭球带;指出长椭球带是两种多粒子-空穴激发组态的混杂,并导出了混合系数. 由这些系数,可以说明中子i13/2破对引起的顺排对长椭球带的影响是一个渐进过程;并指出了2+态的能量范围在804-880keV.     

Level statistics for the even-even Yb isotopes

The level statistics of the even-even Yb isotopes are studied by using the energy levels calculated by the projected shell model. The spectrum of intrinsic states and band energies are also studied to discuss the generation of chaoticity. The energy dependence of the chaoticity is investigated, and a chaos to order transition is found.     

丰中子锶同位素的投影壳模型研究

利用考虑跨壳激发的投影壳模型（PSM）方法,研究了质子数Z=38、中子数N=63和64大形变丰中子101,102Sr同位素的结构性质。主要计算了转动谱、转动惯量和电磁跃迁性质等（如B（E2）和g因子）,并与相应的实验数据进行系统比较和相关的理论预言。结果表明,PSM可以利用理论计算的能带图解释101,102Sr同位素的转动惯量、电磁跃迁随自旋的变化,分析晕带的结构。PSM理论可以很好地再现实验结果,说明PSM方法及其采用的有效相互作用可以外推研究丰中子核区101,102Sr同位素的原子核结构。对于101,102Sr同位素,核子开始填布质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道,通过更为仔细地分析能带图中来自质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道对各转动带的组态成分的贡献,清晰地表明丰中子核结构性质对不同核子填布的依赖。Recently, we have carried out systematically studies on the structural properties of proton number Z=38, neutron number N=63 and 64 neutron-rich isotopes 101,102Sr by using the projected shell model (PSM) with consideration of cross shell excitation. The rotation spectra, the moment of inertia and the electromagnetic transition properties (such as B(E2) and g-factor) are calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental data in this paper. Furthermore, more high spin states are predicted in the calculation and expected to be confirmed experimentally. The results show that the PSM can not only well analyze the structural properties of yrast bands in 101,102Sr but also interpret the variation of the moment of inertia, electromagnetic transition with spins in terms with the theoretical band diagram. The good agreement with the experimental data suggests that the PSM with the adopted effective interactions can be generalized to study the nuclear structure of 101,102Sr isotopes in neutron-rich mass region. For 101,102Sr isotopes, the nucleons begin to fill proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital, the dependence of nuclear structure and properties on the different orbital occupies is described by carefully analyzing the contribution from proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital to the configuration of rotational bands in band diagram.     

Structure of high spin states in83Y

We report on the first in-beam study of high spin levels in⁸³Y which were established up to 9.0 MeV excitation energy and probable spin of 41/2⁺ resp. 27/2^? by means of the reaction⁵⁸Ni(²⁸Si, 3p). Ten lifetimes and six lifetime limits in the 10^?12–10^?9 s range were determined in two recoil distance Doppler shift experiments. The positive parity yrast states form ag _9/2 Coriolis decoupled band with partial alignment, near-rigid rotor moment of inertia and deformationβ ₂=0.29. The negative parity yrast band has very similar collective properties; it shows a pronounced band crossing at rotational frequency ?ω≈0.40 MeV which we associate with twoquasiparticleg _9/2 proton alignment. At 2.56 MeV excitation, a second ΔI=1 band starting with 17/2^? was found. On the basis of the similarity to⁸⁵Y and the very weakE2 decay of this state, we suggest that this band has (3qp) configuration with an alignedg _9/2 neutron pair. The lifetimes of the lowest 2⁺ and 4⁺ state in⁸⁴Zr populated in the reaction⁵⁸Ni (²⁸Si, 2p) were determined to be τ(2)=17.8(11) ps resp. τ(4)=3.5(4) ps.     

Projected total energy surface description for axial shape asymmetry in 172W

The projected total energy surface(PTES)approach has been developed based on the triaxial projected shell model(TPSM)hybridized with the macroscopic–microscopic method.The total energy of an atomic nucleus is decomposed into macroscopic,microscopic and rotational terms.The macroscopic and microscopic components are described with the liquid drop model and Strutinsky method,respectively,and the rotational energy is given by the TPSM,the term beyond the mean field.To test theory,the PTES calculations have been carried out for the yrast states of the well deformed rare earth nucleus172W,and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.By using the equilibrium quardrupole deformations(ε2andγ)determined by the PTES,the calculation of the transition quardrupole moment(Qt)in function of spin also reproduces the experimental data.A comparison between the PTES and TRS methods has been made for theoretical and application uses.