Constraint on a New Short-Range Spin—Orbit Interaction from Neutron Diffraction Data for a Noncentrosymmetric Crystal

JETP Letters - A constraint $$g_{A}^{2}\leq 4.5\times10^{-24}\big(g^{2}+1/\lambda_{A}^{2}\big)$$ on the constant gA of a new short-range (spin—orbit) interaction between nucleons, which is...     

High-Fidelity Manipulation of the Quantized Motion of a Single Atom via Stern–Gerlach Splitting

We demonstrate high-fidelity manipulation of the quantized motion of a single⁸⁷Rb atom in an optical tweezer via microwave couplings induced by Stern–Gerlach splitting. The Stern–Gerlach splitting is mediated by polarization gradient of a strongly focused tweezer beam that functions as fictitious magnetic field gradient. The spatial splitting removes the orthogonality of the atomic spatial wavefunctions, thus enables the microwave couplings between the motional states. We obtain coher...     

Emergence of Classicality in Stern–Gerlach Experiment via Self-Gravity

Emergence of classicality from quantum mechanics, a hotly debated topic, has had no satisfactory resolution so far. Various approaches including decoherence and gravitational interactions have been suggested. In the present work, the Schrödinger–Newton model is used to study the role of semi-classical self-gravity in the evolution of massive spin-1/2 particles in a Stern-Gerlach experiment. For small mass, evolution of the initial wavepacket in a spin superposition shows a splitting in the magnetic field gradient into two trajectories as in the standard Stern–Gerlach experiment. For larger mass, the deviations from the central path are less than in the standard Stern–Gerlach case, while for high enough mass, the wavepacket does not split, and instead follows the classical trajectory for a magnetic moment in inhomogeneous magnetic field. This indicates the emergence of classicality due to self-gravitational interaction when the mass is increased. In contrast, decoherence which is a strong contender for emergence of classicality, leads to a mixed state of two trajectories corresponding to the spin-up and spin-down states, and not the classically expected path. The classically expected path of the particle probably cannot be explained even in the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Stern–Gerlach experiments in the macroscopic domain are needed to settle this question.     

WKB analysis of relativistic Stern–Gerlach measurements

Spin is an important quantum degree of freedom in relativistic quantum information theory. This paper provides a first-principles derivation of the observable corresponding to a Stern–Gerlach measurement with relativistic particle velocity. The specific mathematical form of the Stern–Gerlach operator is established using the transformation properties of the electromagnetic field. To confirm that this is indeed the correct operator we provide a detailed analysis of the Stern–Gerlach measurement process. We do this by applying a WKB approximation to the minimally coupled Dirac equation describing an interaction between a massive fermion and an electromagnetic field. Making use of the superposition principle we show that the +1 and −1 spin eigenstates of the proposed spin operator are split into separate packets due to the inhomogeneity of the Stern–Gerlach magnetic field. The operator we obtain is dependent on the momentum between particle and Stern–Gerlach apparatus, and is mathematically distinct from two other commonly used operators. The consequences for quantum tomography are considered.     

On Enhancement of the Adsorption-Layer Effect at the Metallic Electrode−Liquid Electrolyte Interface in Specular Neutron Reflectometry Experiments

The possibilities for optimizing the substrate/electrode/electrolyte structure are considered in order to obtain the maximum change in the specular-reflection curves obtained in neutron reflectometry experiments at the electrochemical interfaces between a metallic electrode and liquid electrolyte containing Li⁺ ions during their operation. The characteristic relations between the scattering length densities of the components, for which the reflection curves most fully provide information about the structure of the solid electrolyte interphase layer formed on the electrode surface during the charge–discharge processes, are determined and analyzed.     

A New Approach of Quantum Mechanics for Neutron Single-Slit Diffraction

Phenomena of electron, neutron, atomic and molecular diffraction have been studied in many experiments, and these experiments are explained by many theoretical works. We study neutron single-slit diffraction with a quantum mechanical approach. It is found that the obvious diffraction patterns can be obtained when the single- slit width a is in the range of 3λ - 60λ. We also lind a new quantum effect of the thickness of single-slit which can make a large impact on the diffraction pattern. The new quantum effect predicted in our work can be tested by the neutron single-slit diffraction experiment.     

Proposal for sequential Stern–Gerlach experiment with programmable quantum processors

The historical significance of the Stern–Gerlach(SG) experiment lies in its provision of the initial evidence for space quantization. Over time, its sequential form has evolved into an elegant paradigm that effectively illustrates the fundamental principles of quantum theory. To date, the practical implementation of the sequential SG experiment has not been fully achieved. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of programmable quantum processors to simulate the sequential SG experiment. Th...     

Enhancement of Available Conversion Efficiency of Optical Parametric Amplifier in a Cascaded Photonic Crystal Structure

Using the cascaded structure of a linear and a second-order nonlinear photonic crystals, we realize a high-efficiency optical parametric amplifier in the case of exact phase matching. This proposal is verified using the slow-envelope nonlinear finite difference time domain numerical method. Compared with the case of the individual nonlinear photonic crystal structure, the oscillation threshold is decreased obviously; and the peak power amplification factor of the transmitted signal is enhanced more than 20 times.     

Beam Polarization Dependence of Diffraction Efficiency in Photorefractive LiNbO_3 Crystal

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Enhancement of the Local Electromagnetic Field over Planar “Particles” Formed on the Surface of a Polar Crystal

Small “particles” of an open surface were formed on a SiC polar crystal with openings in the opaque metal mask covering the sample. The dimensions of the holes were about surface phonon polariton wavelength. Such a sample was irradiated with an electromagnetic wave ( λ = 10.68μm) at a frequency close to the lattice resonance of SiC. A significant enhancement in the field amplitude of surface phonon polariton waves was detected over such “particles” compared to the amplitude over an infinite open surface of SiC. Such a phenomenon, observed by us in the IR band, is similar to plasmon resonance on small metal particles in the visible band, but the lateral resolution of the ASNOM used (no worse than 30 nm at 10 μm) makes the obtained field distribution more detailed. The maps of the local field amplitude and phase obtained on SiC surface with ASNOM are in a good quantitative agreement with simulations using the Green’s function.     

Complex Dynamics of the Cascade of Kink—Antikink Interactions in a Linear Defect of the Electroconvective Structure of a Nematic Liquid Crystal

JETP Letters - The complex dynamics of an ensemble of dislocations in a linear defect appearing in a one-dimensional electroconvective structure of a π/2-twisted nematic liquid crystal has...     

Magnetic Field Effect on β^＋ Decay in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars

Based on shell model of nuclei, the influence of a high magnetic field on β^＋ decay in the crusts of accreting neutron stars is analyzed. The magnetic field effect on 54 Mn is discussed. The results show that a weak magnetic field makes little effect on β^＋ decay but a strong magnetic field （B 〉 10^11 G） improves β^＋ decay rates obviously. The conclusion derived will benefit to develop further research on nuclear astrophysics in the future.     

Analysis of Near-Field Diffraction Pattern of a Metallic Probe Tip with the Boundary Diffraction Wave Method

The boundary diffraction wave theory is introduced to analyse a near-field diffraction （NFD） pattern of a metallic probe tip of apertureless scanning near-field microscopy. This method is simple and can give a clear physical picture. The polarization effect of the incident light and the different shapes of the metallic probe tip are simulated. The results show that the NFD pattern of the metallic probe tip is directly related to those factors.     

Effect of Invariant Transformation in One-Dimensional Randomly-Perturbed Photonic Crystal

An effect of invariant transformation in one-dimensional randomly perturbed photonic crystals is presented analytically and numerically. According to this effect, localization length can be investigated in different identical intervals, and the relations among these zones are governed by a simple expression. A concept of effective randomness is introduced as a result, which denotes the disorder of phase shifts actually. The divergent behaviour of localization length in the limit of low frequency can be interpreted directly through this effect. Since the effect is obtained without any approximation, it is expected to be useful in understanding the general intrinsic nature of one-dimensional randomly perturbed photonic crystals.     

Stern–Gerlach experiment as the pioneer – and probably the simplest – quantum entanglement test?

Two output beams of a Stern–Gerlach (SG) apparatus for spin 1/2 particles should not show interference when appropriately superposed (i.e. by means of a `half-reversible SG setup' that is described in this letter). The reason is that an entanglement between energy level and path selection occurs.     

A Pseudospectral Time—Domain Algorithm for Calculating the Band Structure of a Two—Dimensional Photonic Crystal

A pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method is developed for calculating the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal.Maxwell‘s equations are rewritten in terms of period fields by using the Bloch theorem.Instead of spatial finite differences,the fast Fourier transform is used to calculate the spatial derivatives.To reach a similar accuracy,fewer sample points are required in the present PSTD method as compared to the conventional finite-difference time-domain methods.Our numerical simulation shows that the present PSTD method is an efficient and accurate method for calculating the band structure of a photonic crystal.     

Application of DSPs in Data Acquisition Systems for Neutron Scattering Experiments at the IBR—2 Pulsed Reactor

DSPs are widely used in data acquisition systems on neutron spectrometers at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor.In this report several electronic blocks,based on the DSP of the TMS 320CXXXX family by the TI firm and intended to solve different tasks in DAQ systems,are described.     

Enhancement of the Nonlinear Optical Absorption of the E7 Liquid Crystal at the Nematic–Isotropic Transition

We present an experimental study of the nonlinear optical absorption of the eutectic mixture E7 at the nematic?Cisotropic phase transition by the Z-scan technique, under continuous-wave excitation at 532?nm. In the nematic region, the effective nonlinear optical coefficient ??, which vanishes in the isotropic phase, is negative for the extraordinary beam and positive for an ordinary beam. The parameter $S_\textrm{NL}$ , whose definition in terms of the nonlinear absorption coefficient follows the definition of the optical-order parameter in terms of the linear dichroic ratio, behaves like an order parameter with critical exponent 0.22 ±0.05, in good agreement with the tricritical hypothesis for the nematic?Cisotropic transition.     

Effect of the defect on the focusing in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based flat lens

We have investigated in detail the influence of defect on the focusing of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal flat lens by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The result shows that many focusings can be observed at the symmetrical positions when a defect is introduced into the lens. Furthermore, the wave-guides in the lens can confine the transmission wave effectively and improve the quality of the focusing.