Computer-generated moiré profilometry based on flat image demodulation

Optical Review - A computer-generated moiré profilometry based on flat image demodulation is proposed. A sinusoidal fringe pattern and its background light are modulated by two-frequency...     

Solid-state dye laser with moiré gratings

We fabricated distributed-feedback (DFB) solid-state dye lasers with moiré gratings. We formed a moiré grating pattern by superimposing two grating patterns with a rotation angle. The moiré gratings were fabricated by an “etchless” process utilizing a two-beam interference method. The gratings were coated with solidified rhodamine-B. The five laser devices were pumped with the second harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser and we obtained narrow-banded laser oscillations at 590, 600, 610, 620, and 630 nm wavelength. Full widths at half maximum of laser spectra were less than 0.5 nm. The results indicated that a moiré fringe can function as a resonator of DFB solid-state dye lasers.     

Metal-phthalocyanine array on the moiré pattern of a graphene sheet

Iron-phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules have been adsorbed on a graphene sheet prepared on the Ir(111) surface. The FePc molecules are flat-lying on graphene, as determined by near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure, constituting a sub-nanometer thick molecular array at the single-layer coverage. The flat FePc single-layer presents a weak interaction of the organic macrocycle with the graphene surface and Ir subsurface substrate. Further FePc deposition on top of the first flat single-layer determines a three-dimensional island growth with varying molecular orientation.     

Mid-infrared superabsorbers based on quasi-periodic moiré metasurfaces

We report on mid-infrared superabsorbers based on quasi-periodic moiré metasurfaces in metal-insulator-metal form. By varying the spacer thickness, moiré rotation angle, and filling factor of the superabsorbers, we can tune narrowband or broadband absorption in a systematic way. With their high tunability of near-unity absorption and simple fabrication, in combination with decoupled mode theory for an efficient design, moiré superabsorbers are well-suited for a wide range of applications in sensing, imaging, and communication.     

Image hiding based on near-optimal moiré gratings

Image hiding based on time-averaged fringes produced by non-harmonic oscillations and near-optimal moiré gratings is presented in this paper. The secret image is embedded into the background moiré grating. Phase matching and initial stochastic phase scrambling algorithms are used to encrypt the image. The decoding of the image is completely visual. The embedded secret image appears when the encrypted image is oscillated in a predefined direction, according to a predefined law of motion. No secret is leaked when the encrypted image is oscillated harmonically at any amplitude of oscillation. The criterion of the optimality of a moiré grating serves as a fitness function for evolutionary algorithms which are used to identify a near-optimal moiré grating for image hiding applications. Numerical experiments are used to illustrate the functionality of the method.     

Thermal-insensitive moiré interferometry

An optical arrangement has been devised that will permit the measurement of one component of the relative displacement, and therefore the corresponding strain, in a surface at nonambient temperatures by use of coherent optics. The method is based on the technique of moiré interferometry with illumination at grazing incidence. A demonstration of principle is described, with the beams passing through the flame of a blowtorch.     

Superchirped moiré grating based on an acousto-optic superlattice with a chirped fiber Bragg grating

A superchirped moiré grating has multiple superimposed chirped Bragg gratings. We show that a superchirped moiré grating can be formed in an acousto-optic superlattice with a chirped fiber Bragg grating. There are multiple transmission peaks related to Fabry-Perot resonance in the transmission spectrum. The peak spacing is varied by the acoustic frequency. The proposed devices can be used as tunable multiple-passband transmission filters and switches.     

Extraction information of moiré fringes based on Gabor wavelet

Optical Review - In the process of extracting information from the moiré fringes, phase information extraction is one of the crucial means. In this paper, Gabor wavelet transform method is...     

Ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability at short wavelengths observed with moiré interferometry

One of the most important quantities to be measured for better understanding of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is the growth rate in the short wavelength region at which the RT instability is significantly reduced. The short wavelength ( 4.7-12 microm) RT growth rates for direct-drive targets were measured for the first time by utilizing the innovated moiré interferometry [M. Matsuoka et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 637 (1999)]. These growth rates were reasonably well reproduced by the simulation that solves the Fokker-Planck equation for nonlocal heat transport.     

Electronic properties of monolayer copper selenide with one-dimensional moiré patterns

Strain engineering is a vital way to manipulate the electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. As a typical representative of transition metal mono-chalcogenides (TMMs), a honeycomb CuSe monolayer features with one-dimensional (1D) moiré patterns owing to the uniaxial strain along one of three equivalent orientations of Cu(111) substrates. Here, by combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of the strained CuSe monolayer on the Cu(111) substrate. Our results show the semiconducting feature of CuSe monolayer with a band gap of 1.28 eV and the 1D periodical modulation of electronic properties by the 1D moiré patterns. Except for the uniaxially strained CuSe monolayer, we observed domain boundary and line defects in the CuSe monolayer, where the biaxial-strain and strain-free conditions can be investigated respectively. STS measurements for the three different strain regions show that the first peak in conduction band will move downward with the increasing strain. DFT calculations based on the three CuSe atomic models with different strain inside reproduced the peak movement. The present findings not only enrich the fundamental comprehension toward the influence of strain on electronic properties at 2D limit, but also offer the benchmark for the development of 2D semiconductor materials.     

Method for acquiring the characteristic parameter of the dual-spiral moiré fringes

Based on moiré phenomena and the Talbot self-imaging effect, dual-spiral moiré fringes could be acquired with two spiral gratings. This kind of special moiré fringes could be used to test the collimation of the light beam, which was significant in many correlative applications. The characteristic parameter of the dual-spiral moiré fringes reflected the collimation condition directly. A method with two algorithms, which were respectively based on Fourier transform and the phase-shifting algorithm, was proposed and simulated to extract the characteristic parameter. The influence of the random noise on the extraction was also analyzed and discussed.     

Two-dimensional Ir cluster lattice on a graphene moiré on Ir(111)

Lattices of Ir clusters have been grown by vapor phase deposition on graphene moirés on Ir(111). The clusters are highly ordered, and spatially and thermally stable below 500 K. Their narrow size distribution is tunable from 4 to about 130 atoms. A model for cluster binding to the graphene is presented based on scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The proposed binding mechanism suggests that similar cluster lattices might be grown of materials other than Ir.     

A novel polarization modulator for a moiré system with grating imaging

Displacement measurements and position sensing have been playing an important role in many fields such as fabrication, biophysics, and autocontrol. Interferome- try, laser triangulation, optical fiber sensing and moiré technique are common optical measuring methods[1-3]. Among these methods, moiré technique holds the most interest due to its high accuracy, large range, low cost, and other advantages. When a long working distance is required, or when space is not at a premium, a moiré sys- t…     

Scanning moiré and phase shifting with time delay and integration imaging

Scanning moiré is generated by undersampling of a phase-modulated grating pattern. In projection profilometry the scanning moiré pattern represents equal height and depth contours on a test object. By use of time delay and integration (TDI) imaging, it is possible to generate an on-line scanning moiré pattern from the complete periphery of a rotating cylindrical object. For automated phase and profile unwrapping from scanning moiré fringes, phase-shifting interferometry techniques are most desirable. However, lack of spatial information in the undersampled scanning moiré fringes introduces serious errors in phase unwrapping. We report a method that uses oversupply of data to balance the effect of undersampling. This oversupply is achieved with a TDI feature that permits programmable image magnification in the scanning direction.     

Virtual fields method coupled with moiré interferometry: Special considerations and application

The virtual fields method (VFM) is a novel highly efficient non-iterative tool for the identification of the constitutive parameters of materials. The VFM can obtain several constitutive parameters based on the full-field deformation of the specimen measured in a single test. However, the available results demonstrate that the accuracy of the identification result is strongly dependent on the quality of the deformation field, which is generally measured using optical methods. Especially, in the case where a small deformation is applied under elastic loading, the image noise and measurement error will exhibit a significant influence on the identification results. By combining the VFM with moiré interferometry (MI), a MI-based VFM is used to identify the parameters of an orthotropic linear elastic material. A numerical experiment is conducted to examine the feasibility of this method. From the analysis results, we determine that two factors exhibit an influence on the identification accuracy. The reinforcement direction of the orthotropic material is one factor, and the other is the noise in the deformation field. This MI-based VFM is then applied to determine the mechanical parameters of a unidirectional carbon fiber composite material. In the measurement, a three-point bending load is applied to the specimens. A high density grating with a frequency of 1200 line/mm grating is replicated on the specimen surface and used for measuring the in-plane deformation fields using a moiré interferometer. The obtained deformation fields are taken as the inputs of the VFM identification process, and the elastic properties of the materials are identified. The obtained results verify the advantage of the proposed method with respect to high accuracy and good noise immunity.     

Projection-type moiré topography with frequency modulation technique using liquid crystal digital gratings

A projection-type moiré topography that uses a frequency modulation technique with two liquid crystal digital gratings (LCDGs) is proposed. In this method, moiré contours are filtered to remove the image of the original grating from the moiré contours by moving the image created by the LCDGs. The frequency modulation technique can be used to analyze the fringe of step heights or other separate areas by modulating the fringe interval. The experimental results showed the possibility of measuring three-dimensional shapes and step heights.     

Fabrication of multipassband moiré resonators in fibers by the dual-phase-mask exposure method

We report on the fabrication of in-fiber moiré filters by dual exposure of a nondedicated chirped phase mask. This simple technique produces broadband filters whose structure depends only on an intermediate stretch between two identical UV exposures. We demonstrate moiré filters with as many as four narrow passbands within a 2-nm stopband.     

Landing noise of aircraft based on the fly-over measurements with a planar microphone array

l IfltroductionAfter the siedcant progress that has been achieved in engine noise reduction in thelast two decades, the airframe noise of civil transports has now become a major concern fornoise certification and environmental considerations. Especially, in the conununity aircraft flyover1 the airframe noise is normally sigTilfical1t during the approach phase of operation whenengines are operated at relatively 1ow power settings and airframe noise generating componelltssuch as landing gear and…     

Trapping and transporting aerosols with a single optical bottle beam generated by moiré techniques

We demonstrate optical trapping and manipulation of aerosols with an optical bottle beam generated by the moiré techniques. We observe stable trapping and back-and-forth transportation of a variety of absorbing carbon particles suspended in air, ranging from clusters of nanosized buckminsterfullerene C?? to micrometer-sized carbon powders.     

Two remarks on the painlevé test

Using the example of two previously discussed autonomous differential equations it is pointed out that the Painlevé test with an ansatz w = Σ_n=p^∞w_n(z − z₀)ⁿ, p < 0, integer, will not reveal movable branch points if all leading order contribution arise from terms with equal degree of nonlinearity. Just contrary to this case, for the reduced damped and driven φ⁴ equation with p = −1 two resonance conditions arise at order n = 3 which cannot be satisfied simultaneously.