Bound States in the Continuum in One-Dimensional Dimerized Plasmonic Gratings

A simple one-dimensional subwavelength plasmonic grating can support symmetry protected bound states in the continuum(BICs), but not necessarily for the non-symmetry protected BICs. By dimerizing the lattice, nonsymmetry protected BIC can be supported on the dimerized grating and can be tuned readily. The mechanism for the BICs in the dimerized grating is interpreted in the viewpoint of interference between the electromagnetic multipoles.     

Independent Dual-Band Bound States in the Continuum Supported by Double Asymmetric Periodic Gratings in Germanium-Based Structure

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are localized states coexisting with extended waves in the continuum spectrum and have infinite lifetimes without emitting radiation. In practice, symmetry-protected BIC are usually extended to quasi-BIC by breaking symmetry is commonly employed. A new strategy to realize the dual-band BIC on an all-dielectric metasurface is proposed and experimentally proved. This strategy is based on two inverse-guided modes supported by the double asymmetric periodic gratings (dual-APGs). In the normal incidence condition, the guided modes are bounded as radiation-free dark states due to the symmetric incident field and the symmetric structural geometry. By importing symmetry breaking in adjacent gratings or gaps, the guided modes are coupled with radiation mode and converted into resonance states with a high Q-factor. These two BICs modes supported by air gaps and gratings can be controlled independently. In addition, experimental observation and verification based on the non-etching fabrication technology in the mid-infrared band are also implemented. This work provides a new method for the realization and tuning of dual-frequency BICs, the obtained high Q-factor independent bi-quasi BICs have potential applications in nonlinear optics, multi-mode laser, and optical sensing.     

人工光学微纳结构中的连续体束缚态:原理、发展及应用

人工微结构可以捕获特定频率的电磁波,其为增强光与物质相互作用以及调控光场的重要平台之一.连续体束缚态在能谱上位于辐射连续区域,其是开放波动系统中与辐射连续态完全正交的本征态.连续体束缚态源于波动的相干相消,可以极大地抑制微纳光子器件的辐射损耗,为解决人工微纳结构中的光束缚提供全新思路.本文回顾连续体束缚态的发展历程,着...     

PT Symmetry Induced Rings of Lasing Threshold Modes Embedded with Discrete Bound States in the Continuum

It is well known that spatial symmetry in a photonic crystal(PhC) slab is capable of creating bound states in the continuum(BICs),which can be characterized by topological charges of polarization vortices.Here,we show that when a PT-symmetric perturbation is introduced into the PhC slab,a new type of BICs(pt-BICs) will arise from each ordinary BIC together with the creation of rings of lasing threshold modes with pt-BICs embedded in these rings.Different from ordinary BICs,the Q-factor divergenc...     

Impressions of the Continuum Bound State Problem in QCD

Modern and anticipated facilities will deliver data that promises to reveal the innermost workings of quantum chromodynamics(QCD).In order to fulfill that promise, phenomenology and theory must reach a new level,limiting and overcoming model-dependence, so that clean lines can be drawn to connect the data with QCD itself.Progress in that direction, made using continuum methods for the hadron bound-state problem, is sketched herein.     

Borromean Bound States

The Hall-Post inequalities relating N-body to (N − 1)-body energies of quantum bound states are applied to delimit, in the space of coupling constants, the domain of Borromean binding where a composite system is bound while the smaller subsystems are unbound.     

Bound States in the continuum in photonics

With examples of two parallel dielectric gratings and two arrays of thin parallel dielectric cylinders, it is shown that the interaction between trapped electromagnetic modes can lead to scattering resonances with practically zero width. Such resonances are the bound states in the radiation continuum first discovered in quantum systems by von Neumann and Wigner. Potential applications of such photonic systems include: large amplification of electromagnetic fields within photonic structures and, hence, enhancement of nonlinear phenomena, biosensing, as well as perfect filters and waveguides for a particular frequency, and impurity detection.     

Bound States in Yukawa Theory

A generalization of the Gell-Mann–Low Theorem is applied to lowest nontrivial order to bound state calculations in Yukawa theory. We present the solution of the corresponding effective Schrödinger equation for two-fermion bound states with the exchange of a massless boson. The complete low-lying bound state spectrum is obtained for fine structure constants below one and different ratios of the constituent masses. The consistency of the nonrelativistic and one-body limits is explicitly verified.     

Bound States in the Quantum Scalar Electrodynamics

The next relativistic correction to α to for bound state mass of two charged scalar particles is calculated in the quantum scalar electrodynamics by the functional integral method. Contribution of the “nonphysical” time variable turned out to be important and leads to nonanalytic dependence of the bound state mass on α.     

Fano‐Majorana Effect and Bound States in the Continuum on a Crossbar‐Shaped Quantum Dot Hybrid Structure

Transport properties are investigated through a crossbar‐shaped structure formed by a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two normal leads and embedded between two 1D topological superconductors (TSCs). Each TSC hosts Majorana‐bound states (MBSs) at its ends, which can interact between them with an effective coupling strength. A signature of bound states in continuum (BIC) is found in the MBSs spectral function. By allowing finite inter MBSs coupling, BICs splitting is observed and shows projection in transmission for asymmetric coupling case as quasi‐BICs. As a consequence, it is also shown that the Fano effect, arising from interference phenomena between MBSs hybridization trough QD, is observed with a half‐integer amplitude modulation. It is believed that the findings can help to better understand the properties of MBSs and their interplay with QDs.     

Positive Energy Bound States

Positive energy bound states (PEBS) are introduced through a brief historical background. Few examples, including cases with partial waves higher than the 0^th order, are then demonstrated. Related problems, such as the modification of Levinson's theorem, PEBS with perturbations and the interpretation of PEBS have been reviewed. The present status of the subject is then discussed.     

Weakly Bound States in Light Hypernuclei

From the viewpoint of critical stability, we discuss the three- and four-body structure of ⁶He, ⁷He, ⁴He, and ⁴H. With the + + N three-body model, ⁶He is found to have a three-layer structure of the matter distribution: core, a skin and neutron halo. Also the level structure of ⁷He with the three-body model of ⁵He + n + n is predicted. This stimulates a new study of neutron-rich and proton-rich hypernuclei. By performing a four-body calculation with both NNN and NNN channels and with both NN and NNN channels, we show that the N-N and -N couplings are very important in critical stability of few-body hypernuclear systems.     

Transitions Between Rotational Nuclear Few-Body States in the Continuum

Continuum to continuum transitions are used to investigate the continuum properties of ⁸Be. The dependence of the cross section on the α?α potential and the rotational character of the ⁸Be energy spectrum are investigated.     

Bound States in Curved Quantum Layers

We consider a nonrelativistic quantum particle constrained to a curved layer of constant width built over a non-compact surface embedded in ℝ³. We suppose that the latter is endowed with the geodesic polar coordinates and that the layer has the hard-wall boundary. Under the assumption that the surface curvatures vanish at infinity we find sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence of geometrically induced bound states. Received: 26 February 2001 / Accepted: 21 May 2001     

N-Particle Entangled States of Continuum Variables

We construct the n-particle entangled states |β>θ in n-mode Fock space, and examine their completeness relation and partly non-orthonormal property. Their Schmidt decomposition and entangled operator are manifestly shown. Finally, we discuss their application.     

Direct Radiative Capture to Continuum States

A formula for the calculation of the cross sections,of nuclear transition to continuum states induced by direct radiative capture of intermediate-energy proton is deduced.The transition amplitude includes two terms corresponding to potential-scattering to potential-scattering transitions and potential-scattering to resonance-scatting transitions,respectively.The model is compard with available experimental data of the ¹¹B(p,γ₁₉)¹²C reaction,and the results show that the direct capture mechanism is capable to account for the main features of the measured data within the reasonable parameter scope,and,in the present case,the contributions from two terms are of the same order of magnitude.The physical significance of the results is also discussed.     

Narrow Bound States of the DNN System

We report on a recent calculation of the properties of the DNN system, a charmed meson with two nucleons. The system is analogous to the ${{\bar {K}}NN}$ system substituting a strange quark by a charm quark. Two different methods are used to evaluate the binding and width, the Fixed Center approximation to the Faddeev equations and a variational calculation. In both methods we find that the system is bound by about 200 MeV and the width is smaller than 40 MeV, a situation opposite to the one of the ${{\bar {K}}NN}$ system and which makes this state well suited for experimental observation.     

Probing Majorana Bound States in T-Shaped Junctions

We investigate the transport properties of a pair of Majorana bound states in a T-shaped junction, where two normal leads are coupled with an identical Majorana bound state. Both the scattering matrix and the recursive Green function method show that the peak value of the differential conductance （Gpeak） in units of e2/h and the shot noise Fano factor in the zero bias limit （F0）, which are measured at the same lead and zero temperature, satisfy a linear relation as F0=1＋Gpeak/2, independent of the magnitude or symmetry of the coupling strengths to the leads. Therefore, combined measurements of the differential conductance and shot noise in the T-shaped geometry can serve as a characteristic signature in probing Majorana bound states.