铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究

激光激励的Lamb波信号具有较宽的频带,且包含多个模态信息。本文采用二维傅里叶变换和时频分析等信号分析技术用于检测信号中的模态成分及缺陷信息识别。首先,对200组激光Lamb波信号进行二维傅里叶变换,得到信号的频率-波数图,可识别出激光Lamb波信号中的低阶A0、S0和高阶模态,并且A0模态能量高,可用于缺陷检测。随后对有、无缺陷状态下Lamb波信号进行连续小波变换,从时频图中识别出缺陷信号的频率成分,进一步提取特定频率下的小波系数幅值信号,实现了缺陷信息的识别。结果表明,二维傅里叶变换能较好地识别激光Lamb波的模态成分,而提取出的连续小波变换系数图,能准确实现缺陷定位。     

小波分析技术在陀螺故障诊断中的应用研究

小波分析是一种全新的时一频两维分析技术，其对高频突变信号和低频缓变信号的分析有其独特的优点。本文分析了小波分析技术的原理，提出了将其引入机械设备故障诊断中的方法。通过对有故障陀螺振动信号的多尺度分析，研究故障信号小波变换轴心轨迹分量图，建立典型故障特征模型，从而对单故障及多故障问题进行分析与诊断。     

Fourier and wavelet analyses for fatigue assessment of concrete beams

We investigate damage detection in a simply-supported pre-stressed beam. A crack was propagated by fatigue loads, which were applied up to two million cycles. Both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) are used in the analysis of the structural response to impulse loads. The acceleration response of the full-scale beam was measured each time a certain number of cycles of fatigue loads were applied. The results of this study show that both methods can clearly identify the crack growth induced by fatigue loads. The natural frequencies found by FFT are sensitive to the crack progression. The results from the CWT analysis show a clear difference in structural responses between the initial and damaged states of the structure. The response accelerations are de-noised by a soft-thresholding method before they are analyzed by CWT. In addition to the frequency components, the CWT shows the moment in time when particular frequencies occur. Therefore, wavelet analysis has the potential of becoming an effective tool for damage detection and health monitoring of structures for which the natural frequencies are irregularly changing. As the crack grows, the magnitude of ridges obtained by CWT analysis decreases significantly, which indicates the reduction in structural stiffness.     

连续小波变换离散化的爆炸振动特征分析

应用连续小波变换的离散化关系,针对一个改进的L-P（littlewood-paley）小波基函数,给出了一种实现频率完全分割的时频特征分析方法,并对爆炸振动时频特征进行了研究。80 kg TNT地面爆炸时地面垂向振动速度的时间能量密度分布情况表明,在质点振动峰值速度到达时刻爆炸振动的频率范围比较宽,而其他时刻的振动频率相对较为集中,时频能量分布的峰值正好对应于爆炸振动速度的峰值到达时间。基于小波变换的爆炸振动频谱特征与Fourier变换的结果具有良好的一致性。此外,还给出了利用小波变换结果建立爆炸振动随机演变理论模型的基本方法。     

图像融合质量定量评价方法

建立了一套对图像融合质量进行定量评价的方法和准则。其中,对于相同传感器源的图像,利用标准参考图像,选取均方误差、峰值信噪比、参考图像,以及融合图像的信息熵差、互信息作为客观评价指标;对于不同传感器源图像,选取融合图像的标准差、空间频率、信息熵以及融合图像与两源图像的互信息之和作为客观评价指标。应用此方法和准则对基于离散小波框架、基于可操纵方向金字塔变换和基于双树复小波变换三种平移不变性的图像融合方法进行了客观定量评价。实验结果表明,基于可操纵方向金字塔变换的融合方法效果最好,然后是基于离散小波框架的融合方法;基于双树复小波变换的融合方法其性能与前两种接近,且其冗余性最小。     

Influence of boundary conditions relaxation on panel flutter with compressive in-plane loads

The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on two-dimensional panel flutter is studied in the presence of in-plane loading. The boundary value problem of the panel involves time-dependent boundary conditions that are converted into autonomous form using a special coordinate transformation. Galerkin's method is used to discretize the panel partial differential equation of motion into six nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on the panel modal frequencies and LCO amplitudes in the time and frequency domains is examined using the windowed short time Fourier transform and wavelet transform. The relaxation and system nonlinearity are found to have opposite effects on the time evolution of the panel frequency. Depending on the system damping and dynamic pressure, the panel frequency can increase or decrease with time as the boundary conditions approach the state of simple supports. Bifurcation diagrams are generated by taking the relaxation parameter, dynamic pressure, and in-plane load as control parameters. The corresponding largest Lyapunov exponent is also determined. They reveal complex dynamic characteristics of the panel, including regions of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions.     

爆炸地震效应的时频分析

以一个爆炸地震地运动信号的测试结果为例,分别应用传统Fourier变换、短时Fourier变换(STFT)、连续小波变换(CWT)和离散小波变换(DWT)进行了对比分析,讨论了爆炸地震效应的时频分布问题。结果表明,小波变换方法可以更好地给出爆炸地震效应的细节信息。在频率值较高的频带上,地震能量可能较小,但振动的峰值强度却仍较大。     

滑动轴承-转子系统非线性裂纹故障特征及其实验研究

由于材料缺陷以及疲劳运转等多种因素，轴承-转子系统常出现轴上裂纹故障，进一步发展会产生断轴巨大事故。本文考虑滑动轴承支承的单盘转子系统，分析轴上裂纹对系统振动特性的影响，并采用谐波小波变换技术分析实验结果，结果表明在充分考虑支承条件的基础上，裂纹的存在不仅在频域上出现了亚频、超频的频率分量，在时域上也有明显的奇异现象。说明谐波小波变换作为时域分析的有力工具，可以用于滑动轴承-转子系统裂纹故障的早期诊断。     

Vibration parameter measurement using the temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform

Real time digital recording and numerical reconstruction of a temporal digital hologram sequence have become feasible in recent years. They provide a new measurement method which enjoys the valuable advantages of being full-field, noncontact and high precision. In this paper, a combined method of temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform is proposed to measure the kinematic parameters of random vibration. A series of holograms are recorded by CCD camera and the original phase can be reconstructed by Fresnel reconstruction algorithm. The three-dimensional windowed Fourier transform is used to filter noise in phase and extract the instantaneous kinematic parameters of the specimen, such as the displacement, velocity and acceleration. An experiment is conducted on a chloroprene rubber latex membrane. Results demonstrate that the proposed method determines the vibration parameters precisely and enjoys many merits.     

爆破振动信号的HHT时频能量谱分析

采用希尔伯特-黄变换对爆破振动信号进行时频能量谱分析。经验模态分解中采用了极值点对称 延拓消除端点效应,采用分段三次Hemite保形插值算法插值拟合消除欠包络现象以及筛分终止局部准则; 对于传统HHT 计算瞬时频率的负峰问题采用了标准化和直接正交法解决。采用了LabView 平台实现,提 高了计算效率和实用性。     

基于小波变换在线结构损伤检测分析研究

传统的傅立叶变换只能确定一个函数奇异性的整体性质,而难以确定奇异点在空间的位置及分布情况.小波变换具有空间局部化性质,利用小波变换来分析信号的奇异性及奇异性位置和奇异度的大小是比较有效的.在结构发生损伤时,结构的刚度发生了变化,因此结构动力响应的在线监测信号相应的发生了间断点,由于小波分析具有刻划信号局部特征的作用,通过对结构响应进行小波分解以后可以确定结构是否出现损伤以及确定损伤发生的时刻.     

Application of multi-dimensional wavelet transform to fluid mechanics

This paper first reviews the application research works of wavelet transform on the fluid mechanics. Then the theories of continuous wavelet transform and multi-dimensional orthogonal(discrete) wavelet transform, including wavelet multiresolution analysis, are introduced. At last the applications of wavelet transform on 2 D and 3 D turbulent wakes and turbulent boundary layer flows are described based on the hot-wire, 2 D particle image velocimetry(PIV) and 3 D tomographic PIV.     

A wavelet-based spectrum for non-stationary processes

This paper introduces a wavelet-based time-dependent spectrum for arbitrary non-stationary processes, for which no exact spectrum is defined. In analogy to the spectrum already built by one of the authors (Spanos and Failla, 2004) for oscillatory processes (Priestley, 1981), the proposed spectrum is cast as a series expansion involving the square moduli of the Fourier transforms of the wavelets at a number of scales, to be chosen according to the frequency content of the process. The coefficients of the series are computed by a set of integral equations, each involving the mean square value of the wavelet transform at one of the selected scales. Simple manipulations show that the proposed wavelet-based spectrum represents indeed an approximate value for time-dependent Fourier power spectral densities, defined over scale-dependent time intervals.Numerical results, assessed in terms of statistics depending on the spectral moments, prove satisfactory for typical earthquake processes.     

THE WAVELET TRANSFORM OF PERIODIC FUNCTION AND NONSTATIONARY PERIODIC FUNCTION

Some properties of the wavelet transform of trigonometric function, periodic function and nonstationary periodic function have been investigated. The results show that the peak height and width in wavelet energy spectrum of a periodic function are in proportion to its period. At the same time, a new equation, which can truly reconstruct a trigonometric function with only one scale wavelet coefficient, is presented. The reconstructed wave shape of a periodic function with the equation is better than any term of its Fourier series. And the reconstructed wave shape of a class of nonstationary periodic function with this equation agrees well with the function.     

Strain analysis for moiré interferometry using the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform

In this paper, we introduce the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for the automated strain analysis of the moiré interference fringe pattern. The Fourier transform method has been widely used for automated analysis of an optical interference fringe pattern. However, this method is hardly applicable to the analysis of the fringe pattern, which includes large displacement range or discontinuities. We show the advantages of the wavelet transform method by applying it to experimental results on composite laminates.     

Detecting nonlinearity from a continuous dynamic system based on the delay vector variance method and its application to gear fault identification

Many natural time series and signals collected from engineered systems are continuous dynamical signals. In practice, it is necessary to study nonlinearities in such continuous dynamic systems under different sampling conditions. In this paper, nonlinearity tests based on the delay vector variance (DVV) and iterative amplitude adjusted Fourier transform (IAAFT) based surrogates are first applied to Lorenz time series under various sampling rates. Traditional nonlinearity measures, such as third-order autocovariance and asymmetry due to time reversal, are shown to be sensitive to different sampling conditions whereas the relative insensitivity of the DVV proves promising. This insensitivity makes DVV a desirable nonlinearity measure for describing continuous dynamic signals and herein it is shown to be a suitable nonlinear fault diagnostic method for use in the gearbox condition monitoring. Moreover, by applying the DVV rank test, faults in gears can be identified effectively.     

孤立波激发港口振荡的数值研究

采用Boussinesq数值波浪模型模拟了在孤立波作用下复杂形状港内水体的响应。孤立波在进入港口后会引起港内水体的振荡并被反射,港内波面扰动是一个随时间变化的瞬变波动过程。通过基于连续小波变换的时频分析结果并与现有的理论值进行比较发现,孤立波引起的振荡其主要能量主要集中在港池第一振荡模态上,这为估计复杂形状港口的自振频率提供了一个可行的方法。     

一种基于小波变换的信号突变征兆提取方法及其应用

获取故障征兆是诊断系统必须解决的首要问题。应用小波变换理论提出了一种信号突变征兆提取方法，并将它应用于转台故障诊断中。实验结果表明，这种方法在信号突变征兆提取上具有明显效果。     

Damage detection using the Lipschitz exponent estimated by the wavelet transform: applications to vibration modes of a beam

Damage detection by the wavelet transform of the fundamental vibration mode receives much attention recently. Many investigations report successful applications of the wavelet transform in damage detection, but most of them appear to lack theoretical justifications. The objective of this contribution is to show the effectiveness of the wavelet transform by means of its capability to estimate the Lipschitz exponent. It is also addressed that the magnitude of the Lipschitz exponent can be used as a useful indicator of the damage extent. As a specific example, damaged beams are investigated both numerically and experimentally. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) by a Mexican hat wavelet having two vanishing moments is utilized for the estimation of the Lipschitz exponent. The analysis by the CWT also gives a guideline to choose appropriate discrete wavelet transforms.     

基于小波变换的重力变化信号处理技术研究

针对重力敏感器中所测信号的特点，提出了小波变换的多分辨率分析方法。采用了强制去噪和阈值去噪两种方法，利用Daubechies小波函数，分别针对三种典型情况进行了分析。结果表明，对于信噪比非常小的重力变化信号，阈值去噪法相对于强制去噪法来说效果并没有明显提高，第9层下重建信号的逼近误差满足性能指标。文中还讨论了加入确定性干扰的情况下微弱信号的提取情况，结果表明，加入大的确定性干扰后，为了满足设计要求，小波分解的尺度有所增加，整体的滤波效果与未加入确定性干扰的情况基本相同。