Influence of processing conditions on the crystal structure and magnetic behavior of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3±δ samples

In this work we report crystallographic structure variations and the related modifications on the magnetic behavior of La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO_3±δ introduced by heat-treatments in different synthesis atmospheric conditions. We have prepared polycrystalline ceramic samples using a modified polymeric precursors method, which produces highly homogeneous specimens.The use of argon atmosphere enlarges the crystalline c-axis as detected by Rietveld refinements. As a consequence, an improvement in the magnetic transition temperature T_C of the samples was observed.Our results also indicate that different heat-treatment conditions change the magnetic interactions between the ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) structures of these systems. Our conclusions rely on the use of AC magnetic susceptibility measurements as the experimental tool for measuring these variations.     

Maximum magnetic entropy change modulated toward room temperature in perovskite manganites La0.7−xNdx(Ca,Sr)0.3MnO3

With Nd³⁺ doping and Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ modulating in the sol–gel technique, a series of polycrystalline perovskite samples La_0.7?xNd_x(Ca,Sr)_0.3MnO₃ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) was prepared, their maximum magnetic entropy changes were tuned to room temperature (ΔS_H = ?1.47 J/kg K at 298 k for La_0.45Nd_0.25(Ca,Sr)_0.3MnO₃), an enhancement of the maximum magnetic entropy change (ΔS_H = ?1.89 J/kg K at 315 k) and its refrigerant capacity (about 45.3 J/kg) had also been obtained under 9 kOe magnetic field variation for La_0.55Nd_0.15(Ca,Sr)_0.3MnO₃ contrast to La_0.7(Ca,Sr)_0.3MnO₃.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1−x)Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3−xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 perovskites

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1?x)Ba_0.7Sr_0.3TiO₃?xBa_0.7Ca_0.3TiO₃ (BST?xBCT) (x=0.2–0.9) perovskite ceramics have been investigated. BCT has fully incorporated into BST lattice, forming a complete perovskite solid solution, whose lattice constant χ decreases almost linearly with increase in x from 0.2 to 0.4, while showing an anomalous expansion at 0.4<x≤0.6. This, together with the deviation of tetragonal–orthorhombic phase transition temperature (T_O–T) from the linear relation T_O–T (K)=?103.7x+239.3 at x=0.5, suggests that a small amount of Ca²⁺ has substituted for Ti⁴⁺. Curie temperature T_C increases linearly with increase in x from 0.2 to 0.9, which is mainly contributed to the increase of the Ba/Sr ratio. The calculated degree of relaxation (γ) is in the range of 1.41–1.53, indicating that the BST–xBCT ceramics are ferroelectric materials with diffuse phase transition. Strain and piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) decrease with increasing x, whereas planar electromechanical coefficient (k_p) reaches a maximum (17.0%) at x=0.6.     

On the microstructure of the charge density wave observed in La1− x Ca x MnO3

We have used low temperature (90?K) transmission electron microscopy to investigate the ‘charge ordering’ modulation in the mixed valent manganite, La_{1? x} Ca _x MnO₃. It has been stated that Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions order at low temperature to produce a structural modulation composed of supercells whose size is an integer multiple of the unmodulated unit cell. Here, we use convergent beam electron diffraction to show that the periodicity of the modulation need not be an integer multiple of the undistorted cell, even on the smallest scales. We therefore suggest that this modulation is a charge density wave with a uniform periodicity. We show that the modulation wavevector lies close to the a* axis of the crystal but need not be exactly collinear. A typical grain of size 0.5?µm in La_0.48Ca_0.52MnO₃ had a wavevector which varied on a scale of tens of nanometres with an average of ?q??=?0.450a * and a standard deviation Δq?=?0.004?a* in its magnitude and Δθ?=?0.56° in its direction at 90?K. The magnitude of the wavevector in this composition fell by 20% as the temperature was increased from 90?K to room temperature. This change occurred by nucleation and growth. Although weak, the modulation was still present at room temperature, some 30?K above the ‘charge ordering temperature’.     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3超大磁电阻材料正电子湮没研究

对La0.7Ca0.3MnO3材料样品在77K至室温范围的一系列温度, 测量了正电子寿命谱和多普勒展宽谱.结果表明在居里温度附近正电子平均寿命和多普勒线形参数S出现明显变化, 反映了此类化合物晶格结构的不稳定性.本文对此进行了讨论.     

Effect of Ca doping level on the laser-induced voltages in tilted La1−x Ca x MnO3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) thin films

Tilted La_1?x Ca _x MnO₃ (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) thin films have been grown on vicinal cut LaAlO₃ (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The laser-induced voltage effect was studied at room temperature with the KrF excimer laser using as the thermal source. The relationships between Ca doping level and voltage signal, response time and anisotropy Seebeck coefficient were established. The voltage signal and anisotropy Seebeck coefficient increase at first with increasing Ca doping level, reach a maximum at the same Ca content around x = 0.5, and then decrease. The respond time decreases with the Ca concentration increasing, and changes very little after x = 0.5. The figure of merit F _m was also the largest at this doping level, indicating a potential good performance of the photodetector devices. The variation of intrinsic structural and transport anisotropy induced by the change of Ca concentration has been proposed to account for the different LIV effects observed in LCMO thin films.     

Ultrafast optical probes of dynamic behavior in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 − δ/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructure

Ultrafast pump-optical probe spectroscopy was used to analyze carriers dynamics behavior in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 ? δ}/La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ heterostructure. Our results show the pump signal ΔR/R for higher laser power (such as 21 and 41 mW), below T _c , first goes positive, then crosses zero and goes negative, before relaxing back to equilibrium over a time scale of a few ten picoseconds. We extract the characteristic relaxation time of the different process by fitting the data at these powers with a three-exponential decay. For higher laser power, the long characteristic relaxation time are obtained, which implies the competition between FM order and SC order in the La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 ? δ}/La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ heterostructure.     

Study of the glassy magnetic behaviour and charge-ordering phase transitions in La0.75Ca0.25FeO3−δ perovskite

Abstract

In this work, La_0.75Ca_0.25FeO_3?δ perovskite sample was prepared by the coprecipitation method. The nanoparticle was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic (Pbnm) phase as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM). The oxygen non-stoichiometry (δ) and magnetic states of iron ions (three magnetic sextets and non-magnetic doublet) were investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). The shape of the magnetic hysteresis loop of the sample reveals the existence of a weak ferromagnetism at RT. The magnetization vs. temperature curves, measured in the 9 to 200 K range, showed that the sample exhibits two magnetic-phase transition temperatures at 29 K (T_g) and 120 K (T_CO). The magnetization isotherms, M (H), around these magnetic-phase transition temperatures for the sample are analyzed.     

Effect of oxygen content on the magnetic state of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3−γ perovskites

The magnetization and magnetoresistance are studied in La_0.5Ca_0.5MnO_3−γ as a function of oxygen content. It is found that as the oxygen content is decreased, this compound undergoes a sequence of transitions from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state (γ⩾0.04), from the ferromagnetic to a spin-glass state (γ ⩾0.14), and from the spin glass to an inhomogeneous ferromagnetic state (γ⩾0.25). Strongly reduced samples (γ⩾0.25) show a large magnetoresistance despite the absence of Mn³⁺–Mn⁴⁺ pairs. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies in the strongly reduced samples (γ⩾0.25) are long-range ordered. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 9, 583–587 (10 November 1999) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

Phase diagram of perovskite manganites Sm1 − x Sr x MnO3

Physics of the Solid State - The magnetic and structural phase diagram of perovskite manganites Sm1 ? x Sr x MnO3 (0.16 ≤ x ≤ 0.67) are constructed based on systematic studies by...     

La0.7-xGdxSr0.3MnO3体系中的相分离

采用固相反应法制备了样品La0.7-xGdxSr0.3MnO3(x=0.00,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50).通过测量样品的M～T曲线,ESR曲线,研究了La0.7-xGdxSrO0.3MnO3,体系中的相分离现象及相分离与CMR之间关系.结果表明:当x=0.30,0.40时,在PM-FM相变区产生相分离,并且磁电阻MR得到增强.研究结果表明:La0.7-xGdx Sr0.3MnO3中的相分离与Gd在A位的占位情况紧密相关,磁电阻MR的增强是在外磁场作用下,铁磁区扩大顺磁区减小引起的.     

Ultrafast Photoelectric Effects in Heterojunctions of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Si

Ultrafast photoelectric effects have been observed in p-n heterojunctions of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)/Si and LSMO/SrTiO3_/Si for the first time. The rise time was about 1 ns and the full width at half maximum was about 2ns for the photovoltaic pulse when the heterojunction was irradiated by a laser of -25 ps pulse duration and 1064 nm wavelength. The photovoltaic sensitivity was as large as 435 mV//mJ for a 1064 nm laser pulse. No such pulse was observed with irradiation from a pulsed 10.6 μm CO2 laser.     

Effect of Nd doping on the magnetic properties of charge-ordered Bi0.6−x Nd x Ca0.4MnO3 (0.0≤x≤0.6) perovskite manganites

We have studied structure, magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline Bi_0.6?x Nd _x Ca_0.4MnO₃ (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6). Substitution of Nd at Bi sites induces a strong interplay between the magnetic and charge ordering. The charge-ordering temperature (T _CO) decreases with increasing x. Further, the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (T _N) increases sharply at both extremes and remains nearly constant for x=0.2–0.4. At T<T _N a transition to a metamagnetic glass-like state is also seen. Nd doping also leads to enhancement in the magnetic moment and a concomitant decrease in resistivity up to x=0.3 and then an increase in resistivity up to x=0.5. Furthermore, Nd doping promotes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic type fluctuation in the materials at room temperature, as evidenced by the change in the value of the paramagnetic Curie temperature. We find that the local lattice distortion induced by the size mismatch between the A-site cations and the 6s² character of Bi³⁺ lone pair electrons explains the observed peculiarity in magnetic and transport properties of Nd-doped Bi_0.6Ca_0.4MnO₃.     

Synthesis,structural, electrical and magnetic studies of La0.5Ca0.45−xSrxBa0.05MnO3

Half doped mixed valence manganite system La_0.5Ca_0.45?xSr_xBa_0.05MnO₃ (with x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) synthesized through a low temperature nitrate route is systematically investigated in this paper. The electronic transport and magnetic properties are analyzed and compared apart from the study of unit cell structure and composition. The system is found to crystallize only in orthorhombic structure (Pnma) and the electronic phase transitions are observed to be of second order. The charge and orbital ordering have been observed to coexist with ferromagnetism in x=0.1 compound. Application of small polaron and variable range hopping models to resistivity data of the system corresponding to high temperature range shows increasing mobility of e_g electrons with x, with the later model describing the electronic transport very closely than the former. The temperature dependent magnetization of the compounds shows monotonic increase of paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition (T_C) with x. Ferromagnetism is exhibited for the complete temperature range down from respective T_C in contrast to antiferromagnetism usually exhibited by half-doped compounds in the low temperature range. The plots of magnetization versus magnetic field reveal a transition from soft to hard magnetic character for all the compounds as the temperature is lowered.     

On the ferromagnetic perovskite with potential GMR properties: The manganite La1−x K x MnO3

We investigate structural features (cell distortions), magnetic and electric properties versus temperature for La_1-x K _x MnO₃ (0.05 < x < 0.2) perovskites. All the phases crystallize in a rhomboedral symmetry (R3c) and are ferromagnetic. Curie temperatures are strongly dependent of x, with a maximum around 308 K for La_0.8K_0.2MnO₃. A sharp decrease of the resistivity is observed just below the Curie temperature, accompanied by a very steep increase of the spontaneous magnetization, characteristic of a conventional Brillouin type curve. The average magnetic moment of Mn is about 88 e.m.u/g at 5 K for the composition La_0.8K_0.2MnO₃. The transition from ferromagnetic-metallic to paramagnetic-semiconducting states is explained from the suggested distribution of the cations (La³⁺ _1-x K⁺ _x )_A(Mn⁴⁺ _1-2x Mn⁴⁺ _2x )_BO₃ by the double exchange of Mn³⁺-Mn⁴⁺ pairs at the B-sublattice. Preliminary magnetoresistance measurements on bulk ceramic samples display an MR effect of the same amplitude as in the case of the alkaline earth substituted La manganites.     

Transport and magnetic properties of bulk polycrystalline (YBa2Cu3O7)1−x(Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3)x nanocomposites

We have prepared a series of bulk polycrystalline samples with the nominal compositions (YBa₂Cu₃O₇)_1?x(Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃)_x (x = 0–1) by a conventional solid-state reaction method using the larger difference in sintering temperature of the two constituent oxides and a well conceived sintering sequence. XRD patterns show that the samples are composites consisting of YBa₂Cu₃O₇ and Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ particles with average grain size of ～65 nm. For x ? 0.55, with increasing x, the zero-resistance superconducting transition temperature, T_C0, measured at zero magnetic field decreases and the normal state resistivity increases rapidly. The T_C0 for the sample with x ～ 0.48 is estimated to be 0 K. The M–H hysteresis loops indicate the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the samples. The depression of T_C0 can be attributed to the proximity effect between ferromagnetism and superconductivity.     

A位Eu掺杂对La0.7Ca0.3MnO3电输运的影响

采用传统的固相反应法制备出了高质量的La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_3(其中x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)系列样品,并对其进行了XRD,电阻-温度测量.实验结果表明,随着Eu掺杂量的增加,样品的金属-绝缘体转变温度朝低温附近移动,峰值电阻增加.通过对A位平均离子半径和尺寸无序度的计算,我们发现,由Eu掺杂导致A位平均离子半径〈rA〉减小,尺寸无序度σ2增大,使晶格畸变加剧,从而削弱了eg巡游电子在Mn3 和Mn4 之间的跃迁,同时促进了自旋极化子的形成.我们还对样品电阻-温度曲线的高温部分进行了拟合,对于x=0.00的样品,曲线可以用非绝热近似下的小极化子模型拟合;当掺杂量为x=0.05,0.10,样品的导电机理符合变程跳跃模型;进一步加大掺杂量,当x=0.15,0.20时,样品的电输运行为可以用晶格极化子与自旋极化子共存来解释.     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3中的双交换作用与小极化子效应

本文研究了La0.7Ca0.3MnO3多晶样品的输运性质、电子顺磁共振(EPR)谱随温度的变化规律.实验发现,材料电阻率、热电势在居里温度附近各形成一个尖锐的峰,而在居里温度上、下有着完全不同的变化规律,EPR谱结果也与之完全吻合.可以认为在居里温度以下双交换作用使eg电子退局域而减小电阻率;而在居里温度以上由Jahn-Teller晶格畸变形成的小极化子使eg电子局域化而增大电阻率.进而证实是双交换作用和小极化子效应共同导致了CMR效应的出现.