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1.
The stress-induced martensitic transformation and its relation with crack nucleation and propagation in CuNiAl shape memory
alloy were investigated through in-situ tensile tests by SEM and TEM. The results indicated that the stress concentration
ahead of the crack tip could induce formation of stacking faults and different types of martensites. TEM observations showed
that the martensites could transform from one type to another and even reversely to the parent during loading. The microcracks
nucleated along the martensite/parent interface and intersection between two martensites. When the crack propagated a certain
distance, the stress concentration ahead of the crack tip was large enough to result in formation of slip bands, and in this
condition the microcrack nucleated along slip bands more easily. 相似文献
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Volker Schippl Claus-Peter Fritzen Sven Brück Hans-Jürgen Christ Martina Schwarz Stefan Weihe 《PAMM》2016,16(1):169-170
A two-dimensional model for stage I short crack propagation on multiple slip planes under the influence of hydrogen is presented. It considers elastic-plastic material behaviour by allowing sliding on the active slip planes in the corresponding slip directions. A crack propagation law based on the crack tip sliding displacement is used to simulate crack growth. The activation of slip bands and the sliding on these active slip bands will be influenced by the local hydrogen concentration. The model is solved numerically using the boundary element method. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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基于Westergaard应力函数裂纹尖端二阶弹性解,推导了裂纹尖端微裂区的轮廓线和特征尺寸的解析表达式;采用幂函数模型描述的拉应变软化模型,确定了在最大拉应力强度理论和最大拉应变强度理论下断裂过程区(FPZ)临界值的解析表达式;将基于Westergaard应力函数一阶弹性解及二阶弹性解、Muskhelishvili应力函数和Duan-Nakagawa模型确定的FPZ临界值进行了比较.结果表明裂纹尖端微裂区和FPZ临界值随着Poisson比的减小而增加并逐渐趋近于应用最大拉应力强度理论确定的结果;二阶弹性解确定的裂纹尖端微裂区和FPZ临界值大于一阶弹性解的值;FPZ临界值随着拉应变软化指数的增加而增加;二阶弹性解确定的FPZ临界值的精度远高于一阶弹性解确定的值. 相似文献
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The primary obstacle preventing the analytical determination of physically sensible stresses at a crack tip is the presence of a mathematical singularity there. This singularity is best known in its elastic form; however it persists even in elasto-plastic crack-tip stresses. To overcome the difficulty we adopt the following strategy: we attempt to capture initial elastic stresses experimentally, than track subsequent elasto-plastic stress distributions analytically.We infer a finite stress at a crack tip from the experimental behaviour of cracked specimens at fracture when the specimens are made of a truly brittle material. Given a size-independent result, we argue that the crack-tip stress at fracture must equal the ultimate stress for such a material; thus dividing by the applied stress at the same point gives a measure of the stress concentration factor, KT. The approach is checked for size independence and against hole configurations with known theoretical, yet physically reasonable, KT. Then the effective experimental KT are taken as inputs for the second phase of the study in which we model the crack as being a smooth notch having the same stress concentration factor as found experimentally. In this way our configuration initially shares the same stresses at the crack tip as we inferred physically. Next we track effects of incremental plastic flow on a set of finite element grids. Satisfactory resolution in return for modest computational effort is obtained by employing a substructuring method. The accuracy in both the elastic and the elasto-plastic regime is checked against trial problems with exact solutions. Thereafter, physically interpretable stress distributions ahead of the crack are determined for a range of materials and for varying load levels. 相似文献
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Yu. A. Shevlyakov Yu. A. Kostand ov A. N. Ryzhakov 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2001,103(1):103-110
A physically substantiated energy model of the formation of a stress concentration zone in the vicinity of the tip of a stationary crack under dynamic loading is developed by a combined theoretical and experimental approach. The hypothetical feasibility of describing the effects of an arbitrarily shaped load pulse on a stationary crack is demonstrated. Analytical expressions are derived for the dynamic stress intensity factor. A new mechanical interpretation of the stress intensity factor is proposed. 相似文献
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Yu. A. Shevlyakov Yu. A. Kostandov A. N. Ryzhakov I. E. Shipovskii 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2001,103(2):207-214
A method is developed to describe the formation of the stress–strain state in the vicinity of the tip of a stationary crack in a three-dimensional plate under dynamic loading. The energy model used to describe the formation of the stress concentration zone around the crack tip is modified to take into account the transient character of the loading process and the influence of the free surfaces of the plate on the stress–strain state of the central part of the sample. The method is useful for describing static and dynamic brittle fracture from a unified point of view. 相似文献
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Using the nano-moiré method, we measure the near tip nanoscopic deformation on the [111] plane of single crystal silicon with
a loaded quasi-cleavage crack running in the [110] direction. The measured strain distribution ahead of the crack tip agrees
with the linear elastic fracture mechanics prediction up to 10 nm from the crack tip. Dislocations of Peierls type are detected
and they extend from the crack tip over a length of hundreds of Burgers vectors. 相似文献
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Philipp Köster Claus-Peter Fritzen Helge Knobbe Hans-Jürgen Christ Ulrich Krupp 《PAMM》2009,9(1):201-202
A three-dimensional model for stage I-short crack propagation on a single slip plane is presented. It considers elastic plastic material behaviour by allowing sliding on the active slip plane in a defined slip direction. A crack propagation law based on the crack tip slide displacement is implemented to simulate crack propagation. The model is solved numerically using the dislocation loop technique. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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A modified Dugdale model solution is obtained for an elastic-perfectly-plastic plate weakened by one internal and two external straight collinear hairline cracks. The tension applied to the infinite boundary of the plate opens the rims of cracks with forming a plastic zone ahead of each tip of the internal crack and also at each finitely distant tip of the two external cracks. The developed plastic zones are closed by normal cohesive linearly varying yield-point stress distributions applied to their rims. The problem is solved using the complex-variable technique. A case study is carried out to find the load required to prevent the cracks from further growing with respect to affecting parameters. The results obtained are reported graphically and analyzed. 相似文献
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双I—型裂纹断裂动力学问题的非局部理论解 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
研究了非局部理论双中I-型裂纹弹性波散射的力学问题,并利用富里叶变换使本问题的求解转换为三重积分方程的求解,进而采用新方法和利用一维非局部积分核代替二维非局部积分核来确定裂纹尖端的应力状态,这种方法就是Schmidt方法,所得结是比艾林根研究断裂静力学问题的结果准确和更加合理,克服了艾林根研究断裂静力学问题时遇到的数学困难,与经典弹性解相比,裂纹尖端不再出现物理意义下不合理的应力奇异性,并能够解释宏观裂纹与微观裂纹的力学问题。 相似文献
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The multi-scale analysis of fracture toughness of ferroelectric ceramics under complicate mechanical–electrical coupling effect is carried out in this paper. The generalized stress intensity factor (SIF) arising from spontaneous strains and polarization transformation in switching domain zones is accurately obtained by using an extended Eshelby theory. Taking BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramic for example, it is discovered that the crack propagation can be induced by domain switching arising from negative electrical field when the crack surface is parallel to the isotropic plane, and the obtained critical electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) approximates closely to that obtained by the Green’s function method. Additionally, as pinning dislocations and slip dislocations can strongly influence properties of ferroelectric devices and induce the property degradation, it is necessary to investigate the dislocation toughening effects on fatigue and fracture mechanisms. The results show that the dislocation shielding and anti-shielding effects on mode II SIF, mode I SIF and EDIF are obviously different when a dislocation locates at a position near the crack tip. Through the calculation of the critical applied EDIF for crack propagation by using mechanical energy release rate (MERR) theory, it is discovered that the slip angles obviously influence fracture toughness, and the mode II SIF arising from dislocation has little influence on fracture toughness, however, the mode I SIF and EDIF arising from dislocation have great influences on fracture toughness. 相似文献
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采用新方法研究非局部理论中Ⅰ-型裂纹的断裂问题 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
采用新的方法研究非局部理论中Ⅰ_型裂纹的断裂问题,进而确定裂纹尖端的应力状态,这种方法就是Schmidt方法· 所得结果比艾林根研究同样问题的结果准确和更加合理,克服了艾林根研究同样问题时遇到的数学困难· 与经典弹性解相比,裂纹尖端不再出现物理意义上不合理的应力奇异性,并能够解释宏观裂纹与微观裂纹的力学问题· 相似文献
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本文应用文[1]的分析方法,研究了纯弯曲矩形载面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场,给出了裂纹尖端的应力应变分量和计算裂纹端部弹性变形区和变形强化区宽度的公式以及计算裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的方程组。最后用计算实例对裂纹失稳扩展临界应力方程组进行了验证,最大误差不超过0.18%. 相似文献
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The fracture surface of an oriented Kapron monofilament has been studied at electron-microscope and optical magnifications with the object of establishing the details of the micromechanism of crack propagation associated with the fracture of polymeric materials. Microparabolic figures can be observed in the specular zone of the fracture surface. This relief may be assumed to originate in the interaction of the main crack and the submicroscopic cracks present in loaded polymers. In the region of high main-crack velocities it is possible to observe a self-oscillatory motion of the tip of the main crack leading to the formation on the fracture surface of a system of bands parallel to the main crack front.Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 645–648, July–August, 1971. 相似文献
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A method of measuring the mechanical stresses near stress raisers from the frequency shift of the IR absorption bands is proposed. The stresses at the edge of an ellipse as determined by IR spectroscopy, from the birefringence, and by theoretical calculation are compared. It is shown that the results coincide. The stress near the tip of a crack has been measured by the IR spectroscopy technique. It is shown that these stresses may be ten or more times greater than the external tensile stress.A. F. Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 1, pp. 167–170, January–February, 1970. 相似文献
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在线弹性理论中,复合材料裂纹尖端具有多重应力奇异性,常规数值方法不易求解.该文建立的扩展边界元法(XBEM)对围绕尖端区域位移函数采用自尖端径向距离r的渐近级数展开式表达,其幅值系数作为基本未知量,而尖端外部区域采用常规边界元法离散方程.两方程联立求解可获得裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场.对两相材料裂纹结构尖端的两个材料域分别采用合理的应力特征对,然后对其进行计算,通过计算结果的对比分析,表明了扩展边界元法求解两相材料裂纹结构全域应力场的准确性和有效性. 相似文献
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在裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力分量都只是θ的函数的条件下,利用Tresca屈服条件、定常运动方程及弹塑性本构方程,我们导出了高速扩展平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的一般解析表达式。将这些一般解析表达式用于具体裂纹,我们就得到高速扩展Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的解析表达式。 相似文献