Analysis of integrated corner mirrors by using a wide-angle beam propagation method

An integrated corner mirror is analyzed by using a two-dimensional (2D) wide-angle beam propagation method (WA-BPM) combining with an effective index method (EIM). Both the reflection efficiency and the phase variation due to a total internal reflection (TIR) for the TE and TM modes are calculated. A non-perfect fabrication (such as a tilted or displaced mirror) introduces an additional reflection loss and some errors of the phase variation. The additional reflection loss due to a tilted mirror increases rapidly as the tilted angle increases and becomes more sensitive to the tilted angle when the confinement of the waveguide becomes weaker. It is shown that the displacement of a mirror influences the phase variation greatly and the difference of the phase variation between the TE and TM modes is not sensitive to the displacement of the mirror.     

Experimental and theoretical study of turning mirrors and beam splitters with optimized waveguide structures

Integrated waveguide turning mirrors (IWTM) based on total internal reflection are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effects of the mirror surface displacement, the rotation, and the roughness are studied. The loss due to the various spectral components of the roughness is comprehensively analysed. A wide waveguide turning mirror is more influenced by the low-frequency component, which is the major component of the actually fabricated mirror surface, resulting in high radiation loss of an IWTM with long taper, contrary to expectation. The excess radiation loss is about 0.8 dB/mirror and 1.0 dB/mirror for quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes, respectively, in the optimum design, which could be reduced by further minimizing the displacement error of the mirror position. We also designed and fabricated a low-loss beam splitter with modal interference region, the measured excess losses being about 1.2 dB and 1.8 dB for quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes, respectively, which are believed to be the lowest in this kind of beam splitter.     

Measurement of the birefringence properties of the reflecting surface of an interferential mirror

We have set up an apparatus to measure the ellipticity acquired by a linearly polarized light beam after a single quasi-normal reflection on an interferential mirror. Results of measurements performed on a standard 10 cm diameter interferential mirror are presented.     

基于微环谐振器阵列与马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的反射型滤波器性能分析

理论分析了一种将微环谐振器阵列与马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)相结合实现的反射型滤波器结构。将此结构类比为两类四端口网络级联模型,利用传输矩阵法推导出其通用函数形式,并给出单环及三环结构下的能量反射系数具体公式。通过传输函数矩阵模拟计算了取不同耦合系数值情况下的反射谱形变化,给出了原因分析及讨论。并模拟了引入传输损耗对三环结构谐振峰反射率的影响。数值结果表明:适当选取直波导与微型环以及微型环间耦合系数幅值时,此结构能够作为反射型滤波器件应用于密集波分复用(DWDM)系统,也可实现激光器反射镜面的功能;由于传输损耗增加而引起的谐振峰反射率下降程度依赖于所选取的耦合系数值。     

Shack-Hartmann波前传感器非零位在轴检测离轴非球面反射镜

在离轴非球面反射镜研磨后期和粗抛光阶段,被测反射镜面形与理想面形存在着较大的偏差,表面反射率较低,采用干涉测量会因局部区域干涉条纹过密或条纹对比度过低,造成普通干涉仪无法进行全口径测量,而普通接触式轮廓仪测量精度此时已经不能满足加工要求。鉴于Shack-Hartmann波前传感器较大的动态范围和较高的测量精度,提出了采用Shack-Hartmann波前传感器非零位在轴检测离轴非球面面形,研究了该方法的检测原理并搭建了检测系统,分析了系统误差来源,并制作了用于在轴检测离轴非球面的参考波前,对两个不同加工精度的离轴非球面反射镜进行了测量,并与干涉仪的测量结果进行了对比。对比结果表明,Shack-Hartmann波前传感器的测量结果是正确可靠的,并且可以弥补轮廓仪测量和干涉仪测量的不足,从而证明了采用Shack-Hartmann波前传感器在轴检测离轴非球面的可行性和正确性。     

Distortion of a simple Gaussian beam on reflection from off-axis ellipsoidal mirrors

We examine the distortion of a simple linearly polarised Gaussian beam on reflection from an off-axis ellipsoidal mirror. Expressions are derived for the distorted reflected fields and for the loss of power into higher order and cross-polarised modes.     

Submillimeter Wave Quasioptical Isolators with a Semiconductor-Based Circular Dichroic Mirror

A quasioptical isolator is studied which takes advantage of using a circular dichroic mirror for the development of a most difference between the reflection coefficients of the orthogonal circularly polarized waves. The dielectric-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal versions of the circular dichroic mirror are examined. The test show that the isolator built around the ftoroplast/n-InSb mirror makes available the wave range 0.83–1.03 mm with forward loss 2.5–3.0 dB, reverse loss 15–21 dB, and VSWR 1.02–1.14, the longitudinal magnetic field is 1.3 kGs. The isolator with the n-InSb/metal mirror covers the 0.96–1.00 mm range and offers forward loss 2.5 dB, reverse loss 20–27 dB, and VSWR less than 1.2, with the longitudinal magnetic field 0.94 kGs. A possibility of the further advancement of the devices of this kind is shown.     

Analysis of restriction factors of widening diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating

In order to design a multilayer dielectric grating with wide-bandwidth diffraction spectrum, the restriction factors of both the reflection bandwidth of multilayer dielectric high-reflectivity mirror and the guided-mode resonance phenomenon are studied in detail. The reflection characteristics of high-reflectivity mirror in zeroth and 1st transmitted diffraction orders are quantitatively evaluated. It is found that the reflection bandwidth of high-reflectivity mirror in 1st transmitted diffraction order, which determines the final diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating, is evidently compressed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the reducing of grating period is an effective approach to the elimination of guided mode resonance over a required broad band range both spectrally and angularly. In addition, the expressions for calculating the maximum period ensuring no guided mode resonance in the required bandwidth are derived. Finally, two high-efficiency pulse-compression gratings with broad-band are presented.     

Measurements of Ohmic Losses of Metallic Reflectors at 140 GHz Using a 3-Mirror Resonator Technique

The reflectivity of metallic mirrors in the millimeter wave region does not only depend on the material, but also on the structure and roughness of the surface. We have performed measurements of the reflectivity of various plane and grooved metallic and graphite samples at 140 GHz. The technique is based on the comparison of the quality factor of a 2-mirror reference resonator with the quality factor of a 3-mirror resonator which has identical dimensions and includes the mirror to be tested. After a brief presentation of the theory, the set-up is described and the reflection loss for various aluminium and copper mirrors as well as vacuum compatible materials for applications in thermonuclear fusion experiments are presented and discussed.     

立方棱镜二向色分光膜消倍频反射峰的设计

立方棱镜二向色分光镜是实现多光谱共光路的重要器件.立方棱镜二向色分光镜因偏振效应而在高级次倍频处出现高反射峰,严重影响了短波区的透过率.利用虚设层概念,设计出了400 nm～900 nm波段高透过、1 064 nm激光波段高反射的立方棱镜二向色分光镜.给出了消除倍频反射峰的有效方法,并成功制作出光学性能优良的样品.采用这种设计方法获得的膜系结构简单,膜层数量少,材料选择广泛,对工艺要求简单,便于工艺实现,可重复性好.     

Characteristics of a three-mirror interference system with a noninverted response function in reflected light

It is demonstrated that a reflection interferometer with optical properties of a three-mirror system in transmitted light can be created by including a phase grating in the structure of an input mirror. The response function is determined, a technique for the selection of parameters for the formation of spectral characteristics of the reflection coefficient is considered, and results of calculations are presented.     

三反射系统航空遥感器像旋转分析

像旋转是影响和限制成像质量的一个重要因素.像面反射镜不随扫描反射镜同步旋转时,就会在焦平面上产生像旋转,导致地面信息丢失和图像分辨率明显下降.为了提高航空遥感相机的动态分辨率,必须对遥感相机进行像旋转分析.根据光反射矢量理论,对具有三反射光学系统的航空遥感器的成像特性进行研究.将整个遥感相机抽象为一个简单数学模型.在笛...     

光电经纬仪主镜面形变化的有限元分析

为了从整体上了解装配支撑系统后主镜面形变化情况,采用有限元分析方法对某光电经纬仪主镜系统结构进行了分析.在不同倾角下分析镜面及其支撑系统的自重变形,得出镜面及其支撑系统在各个俯仰高度上的变形位移.分析结果表明,在各个倾角状态下,主镜在Z方向上位移较大,最大达1.4 μm,造成镜面反射面平移,对反射面焦距有影响;X方向为旋转轴方向,变形较小,为0.01";Y方向为镜面倾斜方向,变形在0.5"左右,造成镜面弯曲.     

偏振无关的旋光双反射结构的实验研究

完成了偏振无关双旋光晶体双反射结构的实验研究. 根据其偏振补偿特点对双旋光晶体双反射结构进行简化, 提出了一种偏振无关的单旋光晶体双反射结构. 实验表明, 两种反射结构的偏振保持度均能达到99.97%以上. 作为对比, 分别测试了单个反射镜反射90°和两个反射镜反射90°时的输出光偏振态. 该条件下, 无保偏处理的反射镜的偏振保持度分别只有92.1%和76.2%. 关键词： 偏振态 偏振无关反射 旋光晶体     

腔镜倾斜对平面环形腔激光振荡模式的影响

从Fox-Li迭代法出发,用光学仿真软件GLAD实现了对平面环形腔的建模。利用此光学模型进行了腔镜倾斜对其本征模式影响的研究,给出了腔镜在两个方向不同倾斜角度下的谐振腔模式光强分布、光强峰值点位置及谐振腔损耗的变化。研究结果表明：腔镜倾斜使平面环形腔模式发生畸变,随着腔面倾斜加大,腔损耗增大,光强峰值点向镜边沿偏移,且腔镜在垂直于腔面方向上的倾斜对振荡模式的影响比腔镜在腔面内的倾斜对振荡模式的影响大。     

非均匀激光辐照下硅镜热变形对光束传输特性的影响

 使用有限元法计算了硅镜在DF化学激光器非稳腔输出的中空非均匀激光辐照下镜面温升和反射面面形随时间变化的特性,使用65阶Zernike多项式对镜面面形进行了曲面拟合,使用光线追迹的方法计算了平行光束经不同数量硅镜反射后的光束波前分布PV值、Strehl比和Zernike像差系数随时间变化的特性。计算结果表明：在典型的DF激光器输出的中空方形光束辐照下,硅反射镜的热变形将使反射光束产生波前畸变,波前畸变中,y方向像散项占据主要地位,其次是离焦项;随着激光系统中反射镜面数量的增加,高阶像差系数将逐渐增大,且波前PV值与反射次数成线性关系。     

最佳端部耦合技术在光波导损耗测量中的实践

探讨了最佳端部耦合技术应用中面临的若干问题,如系统损耗的标定,光路调整等等。采用标样标定法、可见光辅助、平面镜调节光电监测等技术,得到了满意的结果。     

光子晶体光纤陀螺的谐振腔设计

提出了一种新颖的基于光子晶体光纤和空间光学元件的光学谐振腔结构,利用MATLAB软件进行了谐振腔谐振特性的计算与分析,并在此基础上完成了谐振腔设计.设计的分析结果表明,当谐振腔输入镜M1和输出镜M2的反射率等于0.99时,谐振清晰度可以达到43.5,谐振腔谐振深度可以达到0.998 7,陀螺极限灵敏度可以达到0.5°/h.     

An atom interferometer for measuring loss of coherence from an atom mirror

We describe an atom interferometer to study the coherence of atoms reflected from an evanescent wave mirror. The interferometer is sensitive to the loss of phase coherence induced by the defects in the mirror. The results are consistent with and complementary to recent measurements of specular reflection.Received: 3 August 2004, Published online: 26 October 2004PACS: 03.75.Be Atom and neutron optics - 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry - 39.20. + q Atom interferometry techniques The Laboratoire Charles Fabry is part of the Federation LUMAT, FR2764 du CNRS.     

等效腔法研究低损介质镜的反射特性

利用多光束干涉原理的等效腔模型对四分之一波长多层介质镜进行了研究。证明在反射镜中心频率ωo附近，形为ρ(ω)exp[iψ(ω)]的反射系数中的ρ(ω)等于ρ(ω)，ψ(ω)与频率成正比。求得了在介质具有微弱吸收情况下，吸收引起的四分之一波长镜反射下降和反射时延的表达式，研究了反射率下降以及反射时延与膜层数目的奇偶性的关系。在此基础上还引入了一个具有一定普适性的权重因子，通过这个权重因子可以定量描述镜子中各层对多层介质镜反射率下降、反射时延等重要特性的影响。