基于聚谷氨酸囊泡的抗菌水凝胶

通过开环聚合(ROP)合成了两亲嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚谷氨酸(PCL-b-PGA),并将其自组装成囊泡,然后利用聚谷氨酸的羧基原位沉积纳米银颗粒,得到了抗菌囊泡. 最后,将抗菌囊泡与普朗尼克F127基体混合,制备了抗菌水凝胶. 实验结果表明抗菌囊泡对典型革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌和典型革兰氏阳性菌如金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC90(抑制90%菌株生长的最低浓度)分别为10和20 μg mL?1. 平板菌落计数法表明抗菌水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50(抑制50%菌株生长的最低浓度)为30 μg mL?1,MIC90为60 μg mL?1. 外敷法抗菌实验也证明了水凝胶具有优异的抗菌效果,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50为7.5 μg mL?1,MBC(最小杀菌浓度)为30 μg mL?1.     

儿茶素-稀土配合物的合成、表征及抗菌活性

以稀土(Re³⁺)和儿茶素(C)为原料,由液相合成法制备了3种(La³⁺-C、Gd³⁺-C、Er³⁺-C)配合物,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱及配位数测定对配合物结构进行表征,确定了配合物的配位数为8。并采用牛津杯法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(MBC)等三种方法测定了Re³⁺-C对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、沙门氏菌4种食源性细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明,这3种稀土配合物对各试验菌株均表现不同程度的抑制能力,相较Re³⁺和C而言,Re³⁺-C配合物的抑菌性能均有显著的提高。Re³⁺-C的抑菌活性顺序为：Gd³⁺-C > La³⁺-C > Er³⁺-C,其中Gd³⁺-C对4种细菌的MIC值分别为：1.550、0.097、0.780、1.550 μmol·mL⁻¹,MBC值分别为3.100、0.194、1.550、1.550 μmol·mL⁻¹,Gd³⁺-C对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出最佳的抑菌和杀菌能力。     

DBC-偶氮氯膦分光光度法测定钛

在0.012 mol*L-1盐酸介质中, 钛(Ⅳ)与DBC-偶氮氯膦生成1∶2蓝色络合物, 最大吸收波长为626 nm, εmax=3.96×104 L*mol-1*cm-1, 钛在0.080～0.60 μg*ml-1 范围内遵守比耳定律, 本法已用于合金钢中微量钛测定,结果满意.     

CCLS抗癌注射液体外抑制SARS-冠状病毒实验观察

介绍了CCLS抗癌注射液体外抑制SARS冠状病毒药效实验与结果.实验包括预备实验与正式实验.通过采用病毒细胞(CPE)法,对不同浓度的CCLS注射液药液在VERO E6细胞培养内,对2株SARS冠状病毒进行抑制作用的实验观察,结果表明CCLS注射液对冠状病毒有一定的抑制效果.半数有效浓度(IC50)为781.3 μg·ml-1,最小有效浓度(MIC)为390.6 μg·ml-1,治疗指数(TI)为16.     

一阶导数吸光光度法测定碘酸钾碘盐中碘

采用一阶导数吸光光度法测定碘酸钾碘盐中碘 ,线性范围为 0～ 12 μg·ml-1,检出限为1.6μg·ml-1,对盐样进行重复测定 ,相对标准偏差≤ 1.9% ,对样品进行加标回收试验 ,回收率在 97.0 %～ 10 2 .5 % ,结果良好     

新型莫西沙星衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

合成了一系列新的含有潜在多活性官能团的新型莫西沙星衍生物,对药物的筛选和制药行业具有重要的应用价值。以莫西沙星为原料,在无催化剂室温反应条件下,与3-甲酸色酮发生Michael加成,然后脱羧开环反应,获得了8个新型莫西沙星衍生物3a～3h,产率72%～85%,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。该类化合物在莫西沙星骨架上拼接了活性基团水杨酮烯烃,可以为生物活性筛选提供物质基础。采用抑菌圈实验研究了衍生物3a～3h的抑菌活性,采用MBC(最低杀菌浓度)和MIC(最低抑菌浓度)实验进一步研究了衍生物3e的抑菌活性。结果表明：莫西沙星衍生物3a～3h显示了很好的抑菌活性,其中衍生物3e的抑菌效果接近阳性对照药莫西沙星,对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出显著的抑制效果。MBC和MIC测试的实验结果表明：衍生物3e对菌株的抑制效果优于阳性对照药链霉素。     

硫脲壳聚糖微量银配合物的制备及抑菌活性

由硫脲壳聚糖和微量的AgNO3反应得到硫脲壳聚糖Ag+配合物。 通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。 研究了壳聚糖、硫脲壳聚糖、硫脲壳聚糖-Ag+配合物及AgNO3对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌活性,并测定了其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。 结果表明,硫脲壳聚糖-Ag+配合物的抑菌活性强于壳聚糖和硫脲壳聚糖,且其MIC和MBC均为100 mg/L（游离Ag+含量为0.032 mg/L）,低于AgNO3的MIC和MBC（均为120 mg/L）。     

重氮化反应光度法测定烟丝中硝酸盐

采用乙酸溶液提取烟丝中的NO- 3,锌粉作还原剂 ,萘基乙二胺 (二盐酸化盐 )及对氨基苯磺酸作显色剂 ,建立了一种测定烟草中硝酸盐的光度法。该法简便、灵敏、准确 ,线性范围为 0 .1～ 0 .6 μg·ml- 1(NO- 3 N) ,平均回收率为 97.5 % ,RSD为 2 .6 %～ 3.8%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素残留量

建立了用于检测牛奶和奶粉中拉沙洛菌素、莫能菌素、尼日利亚菌素、盐霉素、甲基盐霉素和马杜霉素铵6种聚醚类抗生素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.用乙腈提取样品中的聚醚类抗生素,提取液经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用超高效液相色谱分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式进行质谱分析.6种抗生素在0.5～100.0 μg/L范围内均呈线性,相关系数r>0.99.在空白样品中添加6种聚醚类抗生素的回收率均在74.0%～98.5%之间; 精密度(RSD)4.8%～17.2%.牛奶中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为0.2 μg/L;奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为1.6 μg/kg.     

一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体的合成及管内循环流液液微萃取钐(Ⅲ)的研究

合成了一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体1-戊基-3-(3-二苯基膦酰基)丙基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺盐,并利用管内循环流液液微萃取技术研究了该离子液体对水溶液样品中Sm(Ⅲ)的萃取性能.优化的水相酸度为pH =8,水样流速1.5 ml·min-,萃取时间20 min,室温饱和吸附容量118 mg·g-1离子液体.Sm(Ⅲ)浓度为0.1～5.0 μg·ml-1范围时,其线性回归方程为Y=-123247 +422900c(μg·ml-1),线性相关系数和最低检测限分别为0.9938和0.0035 μg·ml-1.用2 rnl 0.1 mol·L-1柠檬酸+0.4 mol·L-1甲酸+ 0.4 mol·L-1水合肼洗脱液洗脱10 min,回收率达98％以上,能实现离子液体的回收利用.并推测该萃取过程主要采用的是螯合作用机理.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。